This ancient city has a history going back over 2,000 years.It has witnessed the fusion of multiple ethnic cultures including the Miao,Dong,and Han,and hosts a number of cultural heritage sites.THE old town of Zhenyua...This ancient city has a history going back over 2,000 years.It has witnessed the fusion of multiple ethnic cultures including the Miao,Dong,and Han,and hosts a number of cultural heritage sites.THE old town of Zhenyuan is located in Zhenyuan County,Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in southwest China’s Guizhou Province.Covering an area of just around three square kilometers,it sits on the banks of the Wuyang River and is surrounded by mountains.Zhenyuan has been a county for more than 2,281 years and was the prefectural capital during the Yuan(1271-1368)and Qing(1644-1911)dynasties.It is a multicultural region,with Miao,Dong,and other ethnic minorities making up nearly half of the population.展开更多
Long Range Wide Area Network(LoRaWAN)has been developed to meet the requirements for the enormous device-to-device communication of Inter-net of Things(IoT)networks,which consist of a large number of participating dev...Long Range Wide Area Network(LoRaWAN)has been developed to meet the requirements for the enormous device-to-device communication of Inter-net of Things(IoT)networks,which consist of a large number of participating devices spread over large coverage areas with low data rates and low power con-sumption.It supports communications in both directions,uplink,and downlink directions.However,the downlink communication in the current LoRaWAN raises the bottleneck issue at gateways due to the used gateway selection algo-rithm.This paper proposes a novel gateway selection algorithm based on the duty cycle time-off values for the existing gateways,Duty Cycle Gateway Selection(DCGS),to direct acknowledgment packets as downlink traffic towards the most suitable gateway.Thus,the proposed system avoids subsequent retransmission of previously sent traffic that leads to excessive traffic overloading the network.The proposed system avoids exhausting a gateway duty cycle with downlink traffic by distributing the downlink traffic among available gateways based on the duty cycle time off.DCGS is evaluated using FloRa and INET frameworks in the well-known network simulator OMNeT++.The result shows the superior perfor-mance of the proposed approach over the existing Signal-to-Noise ratio(SNR)based selection mechanism.It clearly indicates that the DCGS maintains a better confirmed packet delivery rate while reducing number of retransmissions,colli-sions,and power consumption.展开更多
In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANET),Quality of Service(QoS)is an important factor that must be analysed for the showing the better performance.The Node Quality-based Clustering Algorithm using Fuzzy-Fruit Fly Optimiza-ti...In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANET),Quality of Service(QoS)is an important factor that must be analysed for the showing the better performance.The Node Quality-based Clustering Algorithm using Fuzzy-Fruit Fly Optimiza-tion for Cluster Head and Gateway Selection(NQCAFFFOCHGS)has the best network performance because it uses the Improved Weighted Clustering Algo-rithm(IWCA)to cluster the network and the FFO algorithm,which uses fuzzy-based network metrics to select the best CH and entryway.However,the major drawback of the fuzzy system was to appropriately select the membership func-tions.Also,the network metrics related to the path or link connectivity were not considered to effectively choose the CH and gateway.When learning fuzzy sets,this algorithm employs a new Continuous Action-set Learning Automata(CALA)approach that correctly modifies and chooses the fuzzy membership functions.Despite the fact that it extends the network’s lifespan,it does not assist in the detection of defective nodes in the routing route.Because of this,a new Fault Tolerance(NQCAEFFFOCHGS-FT)mechanism based on the Distributed Connectivity Restoration(DCR)mechanism is proposed,which allows the net-work to self-heal as a consequence of the algorithm’s self-healing capacity.Because of the way this method is designed,node failures may be utilised to rebuild the network topology via the use of cascaded node moves.Founded on the fractional network information and topologic overhead related with each node,the DCR is suggested as an alternative to the DCR.When compared to the NQCAFFFOCHGS algorithm,the recreation results display that the proposed NQCAEFFFOCHGS-FT algorithm improves network performance in terms of end-to-end delay,energy consumption,Packet Loss Ratio(PLR),Normalized Routing Overhead(NRO),and Balanced Load Index(BLI).展开更多
A mong the eight major steps China announced at the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation to support high-quality Belt and Road cooperation,the cancelation of all restrictions on foreign investment a...A mong the eight major steps China announced at the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation to support high-quality Belt and Road cooperation,the cancelation of all restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector is the most striking measure,or at least one of the most eye-catching.展开更多
文摘This ancient city has a history going back over 2,000 years.It has witnessed the fusion of multiple ethnic cultures including the Miao,Dong,and Han,and hosts a number of cultural heritage sites.THE old town of Zhenyuan is located in Zhenyuan County,Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in southwest China’s Guizhou Province.Covering an area of just around three square kilometers,it sits on the banks of the Wuyang River and is surrounded by mountains.Zhenyuan has been a county for more than 2,281 years and was the prefectural capital during the Yuan(1271-1368)and Qing(1644-1911)dynasties.It is a multicultural region,with Miao,Dong,and other ethnic minorities making up nearly half of the population.
基金supporting this work by Grant Code:(22UQU4331076DSR01).
文摘Long Range Wide Area Network(LoRaWAN)has been developed to meet the requirements for the enormous device-to-device communication of Inter-net of Things(IoT)networks,which consist of a large number of participating devices spread over large coverage areas with low data rates and low power con-sumption.It supports communications in both directions,uplink,and downlink directions.However,the downlink communication in the current LoRaWAN raises the bottleneck issue at gateways due to the used gateway selection algo-rithm.This paper proposes a novel gateway selection algorithm based on the duty cycle time-off values for the existing gateways,Duty Cycle Gateway Selection(DCGS),to direct acknowledgment packets as downlink traffic towards the most suitable gateway.Thus,the proposed system avoids subsequent retransmission of previously sent traffic that leads to excessive traffic overloading the network.The proposed system avoids exhausting a gateway duty cycle with downlink traffic by distributing the downlink traffic among available gateways based on the duty cycle time off.DCGS is evaluated using FloRa and INET frameworks in the well-known network simulator OMNeT++.The result shows the superior perfor-mance of the proposed approach over the existing Signal-to-Noise ratio(SNR)based selection mechanism.It clearly indicates that the DCGS maintains a better confirmed packet delivery rate while reducing number of retransmissions,colli-sions,and power consumption.
文摘In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANET),Quality of Service(QoS)is an important factor that must be analysed for the showing the better performance.The Node Quality-based Clustering Algorithm using Fuzzy-Fruit Fly Optimiza-tion for Cluster Head and Gateway Selection(NQCAFFFOCHGS)has the best network performance because it uses the Improved Weighted Clustering Algo-rithm(IWCA)to cluster the network and the FFO algorithm,which uses fuzzy-based network metrics to select the best CH and entryway.However,the major drawback of the fuzzy system was to appropriately select the membership func-tions.Also,the network metrics related to the path or link connectivity were not considered to effectively choose the CH and gateway.When learning fuzzy sets,this algorithm employs a new Continuous Action-set Learning Automata(CALA)approach that correctly modifies and chooses the fuzzy membership functions.Despite the fact that it extends the network’s lifespan,it does not assist in the detection of defective nodes in the routing route.Because of this,a new Fault Tolerance(NQCAEFFFOCHGS-FT)mechanism based on the Distributed Connectivity Restoration(DCR)mechanism is proposed,which allows the net-work to self-heal as a consequence of the algorithm’s self-healing capacity.Because of the way this method is designed,node failures may be utilised to rebuild the network topology via the use of cascaded node moves.Founded on the fractional network information and topologic overhead related with each node,the DCR is suggested as an alternative to the DCR.When compared to the NQCAFFFOCHGS algorithm,the recreation results display that the proposed NQCAEFFFOCHGS-FT algorithm improves network performance in terms of end-to-end delay,energy consumption,Packet Loss Ratio(PLR),Normalized Routing Overhead(NRO),and Balanced Load Index(BLI).
文摘A mong the eight major steps China announced at the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation to support high-quality Belt and Road cooperation,the cancelation of all restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector is the most striking measure,or at least one of the most eye-catching.
