Cutting Force Fluctuation Suppression and Error Homogenization of Noncircular Gear Hobbing Based on the Tool Shifting Method

The current research on noncircular hobbing mainly focuses on the linkage model and motion realization.However,the intermittent cutting characteristics of hobbing would increase uncertainties in the manufacturing process.In this paper,a hobbing machining model with tool-shifting characteristics was proposed to solve the problems of cutting force fluctuation and inconsistency of tooth profile envelope accuracy at different positions of the pitch curve in noncircular gear hobbing.Based on the unit cutting force coefficient method,the undeformed chip volume generated by interrupted cutting was used to characterize the fluctuation trend of the hobbing force.The fluctuation characteristics of the cutting force generated by different hobbing models were compared and analyzed.Using the equivalent gear tooth and hob slotting numbers,an analysis model of the tooth profile envelope error of the noncircular gear was constructed.Subsequently,the tooth profile envelope errors at different positions of the pitch curve were compared and analyzed based on the constructed model.The transmission structure of the electronic gearbox was constructed based on the proposed hobbing model,and the hobbing experiment was conducted based on the selfdeveloped noncircular gear CNC hobbing system.This paper proposes a hobbing method that can effectively suppress the fluctuation of the peak and whole circumference cutting force and reduce the maximum envelope error of the whole circumference gear teeth.

Research on Applying Nano Cutting Oils in Spur Gear Hobbing Process

Nanolubricant mixing the normal lubricant with nanoparticles, gradually becomes a new trend study for metal cutting enhancement. An addition of the nanoparticles improves lubricating properties and convective heat transfer coefficient (cooling properties) of nanolubricants. In the present work, nanolubricant is formulated by using dispersions of 0.3% Al2O3 nanoparticles in normal industrial oil VG46 for enhancement of gear machining performance of SCM420 steel. Comparative study of flank wear, crater wear and gear profile error in gear hobbing with normal oils in the existing production line as well as nanolubricant is studied. This study clearly reveals that tool wear, and gear profile error are reduced by the use of nanolubricant compared to that of normal oils. The paper results not only contribute the deeper understanding of the novel performance of nanoparticles in conventional cutting fluids, but also show a very promising solution to achieve the engineering economy effectiveness in gear machining.

基于DEFORM-3D的齿轮冷挤压模具铣削工艺研究

汽车差速器齿轮冷挤压成形技术的关键是冷挤压模具的设计与制造。齿轮冷挤压模具设计已得到较为广泛的研究,但制造方面较少被提及。针对冷挤压模具制造现状,提出一种高速铣削加工方案。为解决模具铣削中材料硬度高、刀具磨损和让刀量大等问题,基于DEFORM-3D仿真软件,设计单因素仿真试验进行对比分析,合理分配加工余量,并优选出切削力较小、刀具磨损程度低的切削用量。该方法为研究冷挤压类模具加工工艺提供了思路。

Preliminary Study on Water Demand Law of 1-0 Rooted Cuttings of Populus szechuanica

In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the afforestation and artificial water supply of P.szechuanica in arid areas,the characteristics of water consumption of P.szechuanica were explored,and the law of water demand of P.szechuanica was grasped.In this paper,potted seedlings of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica were taken as research objects,and change situation of water consumption under different water control gradients was measured regularly by using weighing method,further analyzing dynamic change of water consumption of P.szechuanica and revealing water demand law of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica.The results showed that total change of water consumption of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica had"slow-fast-slow-fast"double-peak trend in the growth period of the current year,and corresponded with univariate linear relation(R^(2)=0.7137),with significant difference.In whole growth period,water consumption in August was the highest,which was 2.7 times of that in June and July and 1.5 times of that after September.In different water control treatments,the dynamic changes of daily and monthly water consumption were significantly different.In seven water control treatments,monthly water consumption was between(6315.95±1690.70)and(10105.28±3065.30)g/month,and mean was(8211.07±2308.23)g/month.With intensification of water control treatment,water consumption increased,but there was no seedling death due to water shortage.P.szechuanica has great plasticity in water demand,and can survive in both arid and humid environments.Meanwhile,it is revealed that P.szechuanica is the most widely distributed tree species in the region.

Analysis of the Cut-thickness in the Process of Gear Shaping

For helping find out the cause of the extrusion wound of gear and the abnormal abrasion wear in the process of gear shaping, this disquisition studies the varying law of the cut-thickness of chips in gear shaping and deduces a set of formulas for it.

STUDY ON THE CUTTING TEMPERATURE IN GEAR HOBBING

According to work tool thermocouple principle,the equipment for measuring hobbing temperature is developed.The changing character of cutting temperature in gear hobbing,the relation between cutting conditions and hobbing temperature,and the influence of cutting conditions on hobbing temperature are discussed by means of experiments.All these have provided the reference standards for the equitably selecting cutting conditions and geometrical parameter of hob,prolonging the life of gear hobs,and predicting processes of gear hobbing.

Layer regrouping for water-flooded commingled reservoirs at a high water-cut stage

Layer regrouping is to divide all the layers into several sets of production series according to the physical properties and recovery percent of layers at high water-cut stage, which is an important technique to improve oil recovery for high water-cut multilayered reservoirs. Dif- ferent regroup scenarios may lead to different production performances. Based on unstable oil-water flow theory, a multilayer commingled reservoir simulator is established by modifying the production split method. Taking into account the differences of layer properties, including per- meability, oil viscosity, and remaining oil saturation, the pseudo flow resistance contrast is proposed to serve as a characteristic index of layer regrouping for high water-cut multilayered reservoirs. The production indices of multi- layered reservoirs with different pseudo flow resistances are predicted with the established model in which the data are taken from the Shengtuo Oilfield. Simulation results show that the pseudo flow resistance contrast should be less than 4 when the layer regrouping is implemented. The K-means clustering method, which is based on the objec- tive function, is used to automatically carry out the layer regrouping process according to pseudo flow resistances. The research result is applied to the IV-VI sand groups of the second member of the Shahejie Formation in the Shengtuo Oilfield, a favorable development performance is obtained, and the oil recovery is enhanced by 6.08 %.

航空齿轮薄辐板车削加工变形预测及切削参数优化研究

为了满足直升机传动系统轻量化的需求,作为直升机关键零部件的传动齿轮具有薄壁的显著特征,在切削加工中容易出现变形严重和尺寸精度难以保证的问题。本文以高强度中合金渗碳钢齿轮薄辐板为研究对象,基于ABAQUS有限元分析软件,开展了切削加工仿真研究,通过建立三维动态切削仿真模型,分析了加工过程中工件所受的切削力与切削参数之间的关系;并运用静态仿真分析了切削力和夹紧力叠加对薄辐板加工变形的影响,对仿真结果进行了极差分析。最后,通过开展试验对仿真结果进行了验证。结果表明:齿轮薄辐板加工变形量静力学分析显示齿轮辐板轴向变形量最大,径向变形在轮毂处最大;极差分析发现,切削速度为150 m/min、进给量为0.06 mm/r、切削深度为1.8 mm为最优切削参数,最大变形量的预测误差小于10%。

非圆齿轮滚齿切削力波动特性及抑制研究

滚齿是非圆齿轮加工实现的重要方法,用于节曲线外凸直或斜齿非圆齿轮的高效高精制造,节曲线非圆特性导致滚切力呈现较大幅度波动,影响制造过程稳定性及加工精度,是非圆齿轮滚齿领域需要研究的重要课题。文章基于单位切削力计算原理及圆柱齿轮滚切力的研究成果,采用单次断续切削产生的未变形切屑体积表征滚切力波动态势,构建非圆齿轮滚切未变形切屑模型的获取方法。选取大偏心率卵形齿轮为研究对象,分析滚刀恒速不窜刀联动加工模型所产生的滚切力波动特性,得出该联动加工模型所对应峰值切削力的波动规律。提出一种滚刀恒速并附加窜刀的联动加工模型,该模型具有恒定弧长增量加工特性,对抑制整周滚切力波动具有重要意义,并开展不同滚切深度所对应滚切力波动规律研究,研究结果为非圆齿轮滚切方案的优化制定提供一定的理论依据。

数控铣齿比能耗与工件粗糙度预测优化

根据铣齿机床能耗与工件表面粗糙度信息,提出一种结合多元非线性拟合和粒子群算法的预测优化方法,旨在为齿轮铣削提供优选工艺参数。基于数控铣齿机床动力结构建立能耗模型,进而提出铣齿切削比能的概念;开展正交和全析因试验对多工况铣齿机床的功率和表面粗糙度数据进行监测;通过多元非线性拟合函数建立机床切削比能和工件粗糙度的预测模型;将拟合目标函数组代入粒子群算法进行工艺参数的优化。试验结果表明,基于多元非线性拟合的预测模型拟合优度均超过了0.99,采用粒子群算法求解获得的8组解集考虑到了机床节能增效的客观需要。

曲面综合法少齿数弧齿锥齿轮加工参数计算仿真与切齿试验

少齿数高减比齿轮传动具有体积小和轻量化的优势。根据综合变位和节锥外啮合原理,设计了一对高减速比弧线等高齿锥齿轮,给出了相关的几何限制条件,推导了大、小轮齿面方程。大轮采用成形法加工,小轮采用单面展成法加工,为弥补大轮齿廓曲率的不足,小轮刀齿采用圆弧刃修形,采用曲面综合法优化求解了小轮加工参数;通过建立ease-off差齿面,对齿面修形梯度、传动误差、接触路径与接触线进行了仿真。切齿和滚检试验,验证了高减比弧齿锥齿轮几何设计、刀盘修形加工方法的可行性。

氢气-空气混合物中瞬态爆轰过程的二维数值模拟

对高温火团引发的氢气 空气混合气的瞬态爆轰过程进行了二维数值模拟,考虑了H2 O2 N2的详细化学反应动力学机理,该机理包含了19个基元反应和9种组分。采用分裂格式处理带化学反应的Euler方程,其中使用全耦合的TVD格式求解流场,使用基于Gear算法的微分方程解法器求解化学反应过程。计算结果表明:在H2∶O2∶N2=0 4∶0 4∶0.2(摩尔比)的混合气中,高温气团初始温度为T/T0=5.3时可诱导爆轰,爆轰波以2300m/s的速度传播,同时爆轰波阵面在管壁会形成反射波。还对计算的爆轰波后组分的浓度和温度进行了讨论,为理解爆轰波后结构提供信息。

基于Normalized Cut的图像分割改进算法

用Normalized Cu(tN-Cut)准则分割图片时,会出现诸如过分割或者欠分割的不理想情况。在N-Cut结果的基础上提出了一种改进算法:利用合并-分裂方法,将颜色和纹理相似的区域合并,并对某些区域做进一步N-Cut分割。实验证明,改进后的算法不仅保留了N-Cut方法的优点,而且从一定程度上解决了过分割和欠分割的缺点,能够处理一些自然界的彩色图片,得到了比较理想的分割结果。

DR2-5复合滤棒成型机的改造

为生产出新型复合滤嘴产品,对DR2-5复合滤棒成型机进行了改造。主要包括:①料棒分切部分的滤棒鼓和分切刀;②滤棒段传送部分的传动齿轮;③滤棒段插队部分的拨送轮和提升链轮;④滤棒段整理部分的整理鼓螺旋线。改造后的复合滤棒成型机,复合滤棒的产品规格可由原来的10 mm+10mm改为15 mm+15 mm,滤棒质量符合相关标准。该方案选择传动系统的末端作为突破点,改动零部件少,加工方便,节省费用,安装调试简单,为开发生产新型复合滤嘴产品创造了条件。

采煤机差动2K-H行星轮系固有特性分析

针对传统采煤机滚筒恒速截割时工况适应性差的特点,提出一种采煤机滚筒转速可调的新型截割传动系统。为了解该截割传动系统的性能,以系统中非同轴传动的差动2K-H行星轮系为研究对象,采用集中质量法建立其平移-扭转耦合动力学模型。对轮系固有特性的分析表明,非同轴传动行星轮系不存在经典的扭转振动与平移振动模式,但仍存在行星轮振动模式;支撑刚度对系统的低阶固有频率影响较大,而啮合刚度主要影响系统的高阶固有频率;外啮合齿轮副啮合刚度分段影响非同轴传动行星轮系的固有频率。推导出2K-H行星轮系啮合频率的通用表达式,表明其啮合频率正比于齿圈和太阳轮的转速差。分析结果可用于指导该新型采煤机截割传动系统的设计,并为制定滚筒调速范围提供参考。

内斜齿轮车齿加工数学模型及实验研究

为了解决内齿轮高效加工的问题,提出内齿轮车齿加工方法。根据内齿轮车齿加工原理构建数学模型,建立车齿刀具齿面方程并完成内齿轮齿面方程推导,随后在Vericut中对内齿圈进行模拟加工,验证理论模型的正确性,最后进行了切齿加工实验及检测,测量结果满足工程要求。实验结果表明:所提出的车齿加工方法能够完成内齿圈的高效加工,具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。

随机啮合参数对MG500/1180-WD型采煤机截割部轮系振动的影响

为了研究随机啮合参数对采煤机截割部齿轮传动系统振动的影响,以MG500/1180-WD型采煤机为研究对象,综合考虑啮合刚度、啮合阻尼、综合误差、齿侧间隙等因素的影响,建立采煤机截割部齿轮传动系统纯扭转非线性动力学模型,将啮合刚度、综合误差、齿侧间隙和外部载荷作为随机变量,运用变步长Runge-Kutta方法对系统模型进行求解,得出了系统动态位移响应的均值和均方差。研究结果表明,太阳轮、行星轮的振动位移均值及均方差随着随机间隙、随机啮合误差、随机啮合刚度的离散程度增加而增大;且随机间隙对轮系振动位移的影响程度最大,随机啮合刚度次之,随机啮合误差最小。研究结果为采煤机截割部传动系统的结构优化及其工作稳定性的提高提供了理论依据。

采煤机截割部齿轮传动系统可靠性研究

针对采煤机截割负载易引起齿轮传动系统失效的问题,首先,充分考虑煤层中矸石参数的不确定性,建立末端负载不确定性模型,模拟截割负载;其次,基于集中质量法,构建负载影响下永磁电机驱动的采煤机截割部齿轮传动系统动力学模型,探究其在服役过程中的动态行为;最后,基于应力-强度干涉理论,建立系统模型,确定齿轮服役周期。研究结果表明:齿轮传动系统中主动齿轮可靠服役时间更短,相同条件下,按失效相关原则分析的可靠性则更加合理,该研究可以为采煤机截割部的进一步优化设计提供参考。

基于Deform-2D的薄板冲裁有限元分析

使用DEFORM-2D软件,对薄板零件精密冲压加工过程进行了有限元分析。从薄板精密冲压件的剪切面光亮带长度、塌角的宽度和深度以及毛刺等质量因素来分析凸模和凹模间隙、凹模刃口圆角、压边齿圈的位置和高度等工艺参数的优劣,获得了最佳的工艺参数。在最佳工艺参数下,薄板精密冲压件的剪切面光亮带长度提高了一倍,基本达到精密冲压的工艺要求,为薄板精冲模具设计提供了参考依据。