Open Space Ratio的译名、概念辨析与适用价值

Open Space Ratio(OSR)是《1961纽约市区划决议案》中居住环境控制的核心概念与重要指标,自1990年代始国内的许多学者引进这个概念,并倡导作为规划控制指标,因此也催生了中文术语"空地率"。本文系统梳理国内有关"OSR"和"空地率"研究的30余年学术文献,基于《1961纽约市区划决议案》的法律文本,对OSR的译名及其概念作出全面的阐释,澄清了OSR指标的意义、应用目的及其范围,辨析了OSR与中文术语"空地率"本质性的概念差异,建议将OSR指标引入控制性详细规划的居住环境控制,调整和完善我国控制性详细规划的指标控制体系。

Influnce of Stoichiometry and Molar Ratio of Barium Ferrite Thin Film Synthesized by Sol-gel on Alumina Substrate

Amorphous gels were processed with a varying Fe/Ba ratio of 11/5, 28/2, 10.5/1 in water and Solvent. Iron and barium nitrites with specific molar ratio was solved in water and slovent at 60°C for 3 hours until! a dark brown solution was prepared . The sols were introduced to substrate dropwise and spinning with 2000 rpm in 3 min was applied ; the work was repeated for 10 times and the samples were dried and sintered . The TGA analysis was used to identify the heating rate of the samples; at temperature of 1150°c for one hour the final phase was attained . the thickness , uniformity , morphology and the composition were examined by SEM and XRD. The study shows that the fabrication barium ferrite film of the molar ratio of Fe/Ba = 10.5/1 is much more suitable than other ratios .

PARAMETERS DETERMINATION METHOD OF PHASE-SPACE RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON DIFFERENTIAL ENTROPY RATIO AND RBF NEURAL NETWORK

Phase space reconstruction is the first step of recognizing the chaotic time series.On the basis of differential entropy ratio method,the embedding dimension opt m and time delay t are optimal for the state space reconstruction could be determined.But they are not the optimal parameters accepted for prediction.This study proposes an improved method based on the differential entropy ratio and Radial Basis Function(RBF)neural network to estimate the embedding dimension m and the time delay t,which have both optimal characteristics of the state space reconstruction and the prediction.Simulating experiments of Lorenz system and Doffing system show that the original phase space could be reconstructed from the time series effectively,and both the prediction accuracy and prediction length are improved greatly.

Experimental Study on Interference Effect of Three Risers Arranged in Tandem with Variable Spacing Ratios

Taking the three-riser group arranged in tandem as the research subject,an experimental study was carried out on the risers arranged in tandem.The purpose is to explore the sensitivity of the dynamic response of each riser to spacing ratio and reveal the physical mechanism of riser groups under the interference effect.The spacing ratios of the adj acent risers are 4.0,5.0,6.0,and 8.0.At the spacing between the risers of 4.0D,the strong feedback effect increases the cross-flow(CF) displacement amplitude of the upstream riser.The shielding effect is the key factor affecting the interference effect on the midstream and downstream risers.At low reduced velocities,the shielding area initially appears,the displacement amplitude of the midstream and downstream risers varies greatly,the vibration of the two risers is still dominated by the first-order mode,and the transition between adjacent vibration modes is restrained.The multi-frequency superposition phenomenon is very significant at high reduced velocities.The most sensitive interference spacing under the test conditions is obtained.Due to the separation of the incoming flow and the double shielding effect of the upstream and midstream risers,the regular vortex-induced vibration in the wake area of the downstream riser is broken,and the vibration in the two directions is weakened.In general,the interference effect is more significant for the CF vibration of the three-riser groups than the in-line(IL) vibration.

Effect of (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratio on dielectric and tunable properties of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)TiO_3 thin film prepared by sol-gel method

Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) thin films were fabricated on Pt coated Si (100) substrates by sol-gel techniques with molar ratio of (Ba+Sr) to Ti changing from 0.76 to 1.33. The effect of (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratio deviating from the stoichiometry on microstructure, grain growth, dielectric and tunable properties of BST thin films were investigated. TiO2 and (Ba,Sr)2TiO4 were found as a second phase at the ratios of 0.76 and 1.33, respectively. The variation of the ratio reveals more significant effect on the grain size in B-site rich samples than that in A-site rich samples. The dissipation factor decreases rapidly from 0.1 to 0.01 at 1 MHz with decreasing (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratio. The tunability increases with decreasing ratio from 1.33 to 1.05, and then decreases with decreasing ratio from 1.05 to 0.76. The film with (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratio of 1.05 has a maximum tunability of 32% and a dissipation factor of 0.03 at 1 MHz.

An Algorithm to Reduce Compression Ratio in Multimedia Applications

In recent years,it has been evident that internet is the most effective means of transmitting information in the form of documents,photographs,or videos around the world.The purpose of an image compression method is to encode a picture with fewer bits while retaining the decompressed image’s visual quality.During transmission,this massive data necessitates a lot of channel space.In order to overcome this problem,an effective visual compression approach is required to resize this large amount of data.This work is based on lossy image compression and is offered for static color images.The quantization procedure determines the compressed data quality characteristics.The images are converted from RGB to International Commission on Illumination CIE La^(∗)b^(∗);and YCbCr color spaces before being used.In the transform domain,the color planes are encoded using the proposed quantization matrix.To improve the efficiency and quality of the compressed image,the standard quantization matrix is updated with the respective image block.We used seven discrete orthogonal transforms,including five variations of the Complex Hadamard Transform,Discrete Fourier Transform and Discrete Cosine Transform,as well as thresholding,quantization,de-quantization and inverse discrete orthogonal transforms with CIE La^(∗)b^(∗);and YCbCr to RGB conversion.Peak to signal noise ratio,signal to noise ratio,picture similarity index and compression ratio are all used to assess the quality of compressed images.With the relevant transforms,the image size and bits per pixel are also explored.Using the(n,n)block of transform,adaptive scanning is used to acquire the best feasible compression ratio.Because of these characteristics,multimedia systems and services have a wide range of possible applications.

Phase-Space Areas of the Body Motion in the Solar System Deduced from the Bohr-Sommerfeld Atomic Theory and Approximate Invariance of Their Ratios for the Pairs of Planets and Satellites

Energy-time and momentum-position phase spaces defined by the electron orbits in the hydrogen-like atom exhibit special properties of equivalence. It is demonstrated that equivalence of the same kind can be obtained for the phase-space areas defined by the orbit pairs of planets, or satellites, which compose the solar system. In the choice of the examined areas it is useful to be guided by the Bohr-Sommerfeld atomic theory.

一种高效星载功率调节与配电单元设计与实现

文章结合深空探测供配电分系统任务特点,提出功率调节、配电、火工控制等多功能模块轻小型一体化设计的必要性。介绍了国外功率调节与配电单元的研究现状、国产功率调节与配电单元研制的意义,功率调节与配电单元组成及功能设计,并通过多母线融合设计、多路放电均流设计、单元集成化设计等关键技术,解决了深空探测器高可靠轻小型化功率调节与配电单元设计难题。在轨飞行结果表明:功率调节与配电单元功能正常,工作可靠,性能优良。功率调节与配电单元的国产化设计实现,可为其它航天器的设计提供参考和借鉴。

A Note on the Effect of Negative Poisson’s Ratio on the Deformation of a Poroelastic Half-Space by Surface Loads

The aim of this note is to study the effect of negative Poisson’s ratio on the quasi-static deformation of a poroelastic half-space with anisotropic permeability and compressible fluid and solid constituents by surface loads. Two particular cases considered are: two-dimensional normal strip loading and axisymmetric normal disc loading. It is found that a negative Poisson’s ratio makes the Mandel-Cryer effect more prominent. It also results in an increase in the magnitude of the surface settlement.

宽孔距爆破模型试验及近场动力学计算研究

针对宽孔距爆破破岩技术中炮孔密集系数合理取值的问题,在总结国内外宽孔距爆破破岩机理的基础上,开展了炮孔密集系数为1.7、2.5、3.5、4.5的有机玻璃板室内爆破试验,并基于常规态型近场动力学原理,开发了爆破计算模块,对宽孔距爆破破岩中裂纹扩展过程、介质位移响应规律进行了研究。结果表明:临空面一侧的径向裂纹受到临空面反射拉伸应力波的作用,表现出向临空面拐角分叉的特征,并逐渐向临空面扩展,最后形成主裂纹组成漏斗形状。在最小抵抗线固定不变条件下,随着炮孔密集系数的增加,应力降低区逐渐增大,同排炮孔间的径向贯通裂隙消失,过大的炮孔密集系数也进一步造成前后排孔间贯通裂纹消失,最后导致单孔爆破的情况发生。位移计算结果进一步证实了上述规律,并且当炮孔密集系数较小时,前排炮孔留下的岩埂刚好被后排炮孔爆破破碎,随着炮孔密集系数的增大,后排孔爆破对前排炮孔所留下的岩埂破碎作用效果逐渐降低。建议实际工程中根据岩体力学性质、地质条件以及爆破目的适当调整密集系数来降低炸药单耗与大块率。

“关节粘连外洗方”凝胶贴膏的基质配比研究

目的 探索将关节粘连外洗方的外用洗剂剂型转变为凝胶贴膏,优选凝胶贴膏的最佳基质处方。方法 初步拟定凝胶贴膏的5种关键基质,对聚丙烯酸钠NP700、甘羟铝、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、甘油这5种用量,进行单因素分析,并以成型贴膏的初黏力、持黏力、剥离强度等为考察指标进行判定。结果 从单因素考察中发现,当NP700合理用量范围在2%~15%,用量过低则膏体过软难以成型,无法涂布。当甘羟铝合理用量范围在0.03%~0.25%,用量增高则导致贴膏的初黏力和内聚力增高、剥离强度减少。当CMC-Na合理用量范围在0.5%~10%,随用量水平提高,则导致贴膏的初黏力明显增加和内聚力剥离强度减弱。当PVA合理用量范围在1%~6%,用量减少时贴膏不能成型,用量增多时贴膏初黏力增加、内聚力减弱。当甘油合理用量范围在28%~33%,用量过低则膏体偏硬,涂布出现硬块,用量过高则膏体过软,出现溢膏。结论 5种基质辅料均会对贴膏的各项指标造成明显影响,且作用并不相同,用量范围最终确定为:NP700(2%~15%)、甘羟铝(0.07%~0.25%)、CMC-Na(0.5%~10%)、PVA(1%~6%)、甘油(23%~33%)。

子宫内膜癌增强MRI定量参数变化与临床特征的关系及对预后的预测价值分析

目的 探究子宫内膜癌(EC)增强MRI定量参数变化与临床特征关系,分析其对预后的预测价值。方法 选取2019年3月~2022年3月本院收治的EC患者98例作为研究组,另选同期子宫内膜良性病变患者98例作为对照组。比较两组增强MRI定量参数[速率常数(K_(ep))、容量转移常数(K^(trans))、血管外细胞外间隙容积比(V_(e))]。比较研究组不同临床特征患者增强MRI定量参数,分析其与临床特征相关性。比较研究组不同预后患者增强MRI定量参数,分析其对预后的预测价值。结果 研究组K_(ep)、K^(trans)、V_(e)高于对照组(P<0.05);K_(ep)、K^(trans)、V_(e)病理分期、淋巴结转移、宫颈间质累及情况、子宫肌层浸润深度呈正相关,而与分化程度呈负相关(p<0.05)预后不良者K_(ep)、K^(trans)、V_(e)高于预后良好者,且与预后不良显著相关(P<0.05);K_(ep)、K^(trans)、V_(e)联合预测预后不良的AUC大于各参数独独预测(P<0.05)。结论 EC患者增强MRI定量参数K_(ep)、K^(trans)、V_(e)升高,且与临床特征、预后密切相关,联合检测各参数对预后不良具有一定预测价值。

高容积率小学建筑交通空间寻路认知研究

高容积率校园作为目前城市发展中重要的小学校园形式,用以缓解当下义务教育阶段学位的供需矛盾,从而进一步推动教育公平的实现。超高的建筑容积率作为这种校园类型的主要特征,会对学龄儿童的行为举止、心理情绪等造成巨大影响。选取红岭实验小学和坪山实验学校作为校园案例,并建构适合于学龄儿童的三维虚拟模型,通过寻路实验的方式获取儿童的寻路行为和空间认知的特征,总结提炼出影响儿童认知的交通空间要素,以期为同类高容积率小学交通空间的优化提供理论支持与参考。

亚临界雷诺数下串列双波浪锥柱绕流数值模拟

针对风力俘能结构布局问题,基于大涡模拟(LES)方法,在亚临界雷诺数下(Re=3900)研究有限长串列双波浪锥柱的升阻力特性及其流动结构随间距比的变化规律。结果表明:由于上游波浪锥柱的影响,下游波浪锥柱的脉动升力系数大幅增大,当间距比为3时,表面时均压力系数分布形式呈反向分布;随间距比增加,上游波浪锥柱尾流充分发展,并产生大量肋状涡撞击在下游波浪锥柱表面,下游波浪锥柱产生大的脉动升力,相较于单直圆柱提升约15.3倍,阻力系数降低约0.172。所得结果可为风力俘能结构布局提供有益参考。

城中村街巷空间绿视率分析与优化研究

绿视率作为人们对空间绿量的直观反映,也反映了道路与绿化的比例关系,所以绿视率和绿视率满意度能够以简洁的数据和评分反映街巷空间的绿化质量。以墨江县城中村街巷空间为例,采用现状调研、绿视率图像收集及计算、加上线下及网络问卷调查街巷空间满意度的方法进行研究,结果表明:(1)街巷空间平均绿视率均低于35%,居民满意度大部分评价为一般,现状景观质量较差,亟待提高。(2)经过对街巷空间绿视率及其满意度的深入评估,所得到的评价等级标准显示,在景观品质不佳的地区,公众对于绿视率的标准设定更高。(3)针对低绿视率现状提出空间优化、增加绿化、后期植物管理等优化策略,促进城中村人居环境的良好发展。

提高湖羊圈养空间利用率的建模方案优化设计

为提高湖羊圈养的空间利用率,采用分期分批连续方式安排交配,根据交配期、怀孕期、哺乳期、休整期、育肥期等5个阶段的期长、容量、流转倍率等参数值,建立各期羊栏需求数的计算模型。针对养殖场现有的羊栏规格,经试算搜索得到其羊只的最佳流转速度,由此编制具体的生产方案,使得年化出栏羊只数量达到最大。继而针对5项不确定因素,构建参数重新选定的计算公式,并在合理范围内,调整哺乳期和空怀期时长,得到多种备选方案,再通过分层次计算比较各方案的期望损失,确定最优方案。

扩底桩竖向承载特性及群桩效应研究

为探明扩底群桩竖向承载特性,采用扩底桩筏结构,开展单桩(扩径比分别为1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0)和桩筏(扩径比为2)基础静载模型试验,分析其荷载传递规律,并建立桩间距为3.75、4.00、4.50、5.00倍桩直径时扩底桩筏基础有限元模型,研究桩间距对群桩效应影响。结果表明:扩底单桩和扩底桩筏结构荷载沉降曲线均为缓变型;扩底桩极限承载力随扩径比增大而逐渐增大,扩径比2.5~3.0时极限承载力增幅变缓,建议扩底桩扩径比取2.5~3.0;由于桩土共同沉降,桩间土压缩,桩土作用更充分,扩底桩筏基础中心桩侧摩阻力荷载分担比比扩底单桩增大了17.71%;群桩效应系数随桩间距增大而逐渐增大,桩间距为4.5~5.0倍桩直径时群桩效应系数增幅较小,群桩效应较弱,建议扩底桩筏基础桩间距取值不小于4.5倍桩直径。

采用多丝正比室读出的屏栅电离室能量分辨研究

搭建了一个基于多丝正比室读出的屏栅电离室探测器,使其保留屏栅电离室屏蔽特性的同时具备雪崩放大功能,通过在探测器内部对原初电离信号进行预放大,以提高信噪比,改善探测器的能量分辨率。利用241Am源详细测试了探测器在不同气压、沉积能量、阳极丝径时能量分辨率及增益随阳极电压的变化关系。探测器最佳能量分辨对应的工作电压与入射粒子在漂移区中沉积的能量有关,能量沉积越小,对应的最佳工作电压越高,探测器的增益越大。对于5.486 MeV的241Am α粒子源的能量分辨率可达1.45%。

串列联动双圆柱流致摆振试验研究

提出了串列联动双圆柱流致摆振理念,构建了摆振运动方程,分析了受力与运动规律,建立了摆振试验装置,并基于室内试验探究了串列联动双圆柱流致摆振特性,研究旨在为流致振动发电设备设计提供参考。研究表明:串列联动双圆柱摆振响应表现为涡激振动规律;间距比对摆振振幅和锁定区间影响较大,当间距比为4时振幅最小且响应中出现“再增长区”,当间距比为6时振幅最大,当间距比为8时锁定区间最大;系统刚度对摆振响应趋势影响不大,但不同刚度下摆振达到的最大振幅差异明显,该试验最大弧长比A^(*)为0.98,出现在1 400 N/m刚度工况。

直链/支链比对青稞淀粉凝胶与消化性的影响

为深入探讨不同直链/支链比例对淀粉凝胶特性和消化行为的影响,本研究选取糯青稞和普通青稞品种,通过提取淀粉并复配制备直链/支链比例8%、14%、20%、25%的青稞淀粉,比较其在结晶结构、糊化特性、凝胶特性以及消化性方面的差异。结果表明,直链/支链比例未改变青稞淀粉的晶型,但直链/支链比例的增加降低了结晶度,使淀粉内部结构更紧密、双螺旋结构更稳定。同时,随着直链/支链比例的增加,淀粉糊化时的峰值黏度(3296~4226 mPa·s)逐渐降低、回生值(481.67~1604.33 mPa·s)逐渐增加。流变学结果表明,淀粉存在弱凝胶行为(G′>G″),淀粉凝胶的弹性行为增强会增加硬度和咀嚼度。消化特性方面,直链/支链比例的增加会增加抗性淀粉含量,降低快速消化淀粉含量、淀粉消化率和预估血糖生成指数。本研究结果对开发具有特定工业用途的功能性“定制”青稞淀粉具有一定的理论价值。