Rosin,a renewable and abundant resource,has been extensively processed and chemically modified to endow it with special properties,especially in the surfactant industry.In this study,four rosin-based quaternary ammoni...Rosin,a renewable and abundant resource,has been extensively processed and chemically modified to endow it with special properties,especially in the surfactant industry.In this study,four rosin-based quaternary ammonium asymmetric gemini surfactants(RGS-2-n)with different alkyl chain lengths(n=12,14,16,18)were synthesized using a simple two-step method based on dehydroabietylamine as the raw material.The feasibility of these surfactants for cleaning purposes was comprehensively evaluated,suggesting that the surfactants own high surface activity and good cleaning performance.Furthermore,by successfully introducing the amine group of dehydroabietylamine into the hydrophilic group of the surfactants,we avoided its potential harm to the environment and water pollution.Density functional theory proves rosin-based gemini surfactants with asymmetric structure can further improve cleaning efficiency.Overall,our findings suggests that RGS-2-n surfactants are promising and sustainable candidates for cleaning electric plates,and provide new opportunities for rosin application in the electric industry.展开更多
以十二胺和二溴乙烷为原料合成双长链二胺,再与丙烷磺内酯反应经中和后得到磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂(C12GS)。运用TLC对反应进程进行了监测,并对文献中的重结晶剂进行了改进。用1 H NMR对中间产物双链二胺和最终产物进行了结构表征。...以十二胺和二溴乙烷为原料合成双长链二胺,再与丙烷磺内酯反应经中和后得到磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂(C12GS)。运用TLC对反应进程进行了监测,并对文献中的重结晶剂进行了改进。用1 H NMR对中间产物双链二胺和最终产物进行了结构表征。测定了Gemini磺酸盐表面活性剂水溶液的表面张力和临界胶束浓度,探讨了Gemini磺酸盐表面活性剂产物与同样疏水碳数的阳离子Gemini表面活性剂(C12GC)在蒸馏水和0.5%NaCl中的相互作用以及盐对表面张力的影响。实验表明:合成的Gemini表面活性剂临界胶束浓度cmc为0.045mmol/L;产物与C12GC有较好的协同作用,混合体系中两种物质浓度相差越大,阴阳离子Gemini表面活性剂协同作用就越强,两者含量逐渐接近,协同作用减弱;C12GS较易进入混合胶团中,盐的加入会促使阴阳离子Gemini表面活性剂混合溶液的表面张力下降,cmc略有上升,同时二者之间的协同作用下降。展开更多
Cationic Gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α ,ω- bis(dimethyl dodecylammonium bromide) have been synthesized by the following method: firstly dodecyl bromide was prepared by the reaction of dodecanol with bromic acid i...Cationic Gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α ,ω- bis(dimethyl dodecylammonium bromide) have been synthesized by the following method: firstly dodecyl bromide was prepared by the reaction of dodecanol with bromic acid in the presence of strong sulfuric acid. Dodecylbromide was then reacted with N,N- tetramethyl ethane diamine(or N,N- tetramethyl hexana diamine) to prepare the title- compounds. Micellization of these Gemini surfactants was investigated using conductivity measurement. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc) of the Gemini surfactants has a much lower value compared with that of the corresponding " monomer" . For a series of the Geminis with the same length(s) in the spacer chain, the cmc decreased with increasing the carbon number (m) in the alkyl chain. The aggregation number(N) of the micelle also drastically decreased with m. For the same value of m, the cmc varied slightly with s, which indicated that the electrostatic interaction between the ionic- groups of the " monomer" has been naturally changed duo to a link between the two ionic- groups of the " monomer" through a spacer. However, N was strongly decreased with s,which may be a reason of steric inhibition coming from the ionic- groups due to a link of spacer. With increasing temperature, micellization of the Gemini surfactants was slightly enhanced.展开更多
为丰富和发展表面活性剂减阻体系,研究了阳离子Gemini表面活性剂丙撑基双(十八烷基二甲基氯化铵)(18-3-18)与水杨酸钠(NaSal)组成的新型胶束体系的流变和减阻性能。考察了不同浓度胶束体系的流变特性,讨论了该胶束体系的摩擦阻力系数和...为丰富和发展表面活性剂减阻体系,研究了阳离子Gemini表面活性剂丙撑基双(十八烷基二甲基氯化铵)(18-3-18)与水杨酸钠(NaSal)组成的新型胶束体系的流变和减阻性能。考察了不同浓度胶束体系的流变特性,讨论了该胶束体系的摩擦阻力系数和减阻率随广义雷诺数的变化关系,并比较了在光滑管及粗糙管中该体系的减阻效果。结果表明,18-3-18/NaSal胶束体系具有良好的黏弹性、触变性和剪切变稀性。随胶束体系浓度增大,减阻效果提高。对18-3-18/NaSal(5 mmol L 1/10 mmol L 1)胶束减阻体系,存在临界广义雷诺数,最大减阻率为78.5%;对18-3-18/NaSal(7.5mmol L 1/15 mmol L 1,10 mmol L 1/20 mmol L 1)胶束体系在光滑管中的最大减阻率可分别达到82.3%和81.7%。该胶束体系在光滑管中的减阻效果优于粗糙管中的减阻效果,表明18-3-18/NaSal胶束是一种新型减阻胶束体系。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A200313)Key Program of Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory(00221003)‘111’program of Fuzhou University.
文摘Rosin,a renewable and abundant resource,has been extensively processed and chemically modified to endow it with special properties,especially in the surfactant industry.In this study,four rosin-based quaternary ammonium asymmetric gemini surfactants(RGS-2-n)with different alkyl chain lengths(n=12,14,16,18)were synthesized using a simple two-step method based on dehydroabietylamine as the raw material.The feasibility of these surfactants for cleaning purposes was comprehensively evaluated,suggesting that the surfactants own high surface activity and good cleaning performance.Furthermore,by successfully introducing the amine group of dehydroabietylamine into the hydrophilic group of the surfactants,we avoided its potential harm to the environment and water pollution.Density functional theory proves rosin-based gemini surfactants with asymmetric structure can further improve cleaning efficiency.Overall,our findings suggests that RGS-2-n surfactants are promising and sustainable candidates for cleaning electric plates,and provide new opportunities for rosin application in the electric industry.
文摘以十二胺和二溴乙烷为原料合成双长链二胺,再与丙烷磺内酯反应经中和后得到磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂(C12GS)。运用TLC对反应进程进行了监测,并对文献中的重结晶剂进行了改进。用1 H NMR对中间产物双链二胺和最终产物进行了结构表征。测定了Gemini磺酸盐表面活性剂水溶液的表面张力和临界胶束浓度,探讨了Gemini磺酸盐表面活性剂产物与同样疏水碳数的阳离子Gemini表面活性剂(C12GC)在蒸馏水和0.5%NaCl中的相互作用以及盐对表面张力的影响。实验表明:合成的Gemini表面活性剂临界胶束浓度cmc为0.045mmol/L;产物与C12GC有较好的协同作用,混合体系中两种物质浓度相差越大,阴阳离子Gemini表面活性剂协同作用就越强,两者含量逐渐接近,协同作用减弱;C12GS较易进入混合胶团中,盐的加入会促使阴阳离子Gemini表面活性剂混合溶液的表面张力下降,cmc略有上升,同时二者之间的协同作用下降。
文摘Cationic Gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α ,ω- bis(dimethyl dodecylammonium bromide) have been synthesized by the following method: firstly dodecyl bromide was prepared by the reaction of dodecanol with bromic acid in the presence of strong sulfuric acid. Dodecylbromide was then reacted with N,N- tetramethyl ethane diamine(or N,N- tetramethyl hexana diamine) to prepare the title- compounds. Micellization of these Gemini surfactants was investigated using conductivity measurement. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc) of the Gemini surfactants has a much lower value compared with that of the corresponding " monomer" . For a series of the Geminis with the same length(s) in the spacer chain, the cmc decreased with increasing the carbon number (m) in the alkyl chain. The aggregation number(N) of the micelle also drastically decreased with m. For the same value of m, the cmc varied slightly with s, which indicated that the electrostatic interaction between the ionic- groups of the " monomer" has been naturally changed duo to a link between the two ionic- groups of the " monomer" through a spacer. However, N was strongly decreased with s,which may be a reason of steric inhibition coming from the ionic- groups due to a link of spacer. With increasing temperature, micellization of the Gemini surfactants was slightly enhanced.
文摘为丰富和发展表面活性剂减阻体系,研究了阳离子Gemini表面活性剂丙撑基双(十八烷基二甲基氯化铵)(18-3-18)与水杨酸钠(NaSal)组成的新型胶束体系的流变和减阻性能。考察了不同浓度胶束体系的流变特性,讨论了该胶束体系的摩擦阻力系数和减阻率随广义雷诺数的变化关系,并比较了在光滑管及粗糙管中该体系的减阻效果。结果表明,18-3-18/NaSal胶束体系具有良好的黏弹性、触变性和剪切变稀性。随胶束体系浓度增大,减阻效果提高。对18-3-18/NaSal(5 mmol L 1/10 mmol L 1)胶束减阻体系,存在临界广义雷诺数,最大减阻率为78.5%;对18-3-18/NaSal(7.5mmol L 1/15 mmol L 1,10 mmol L 1/20 mmol L 1)胶束体系在光滑管中的最大减阻率可分别达到82.3%和81.7%。该胶束体系在光滑管中的减阻效果优于粗糙管中的减阻效果,表明18-3-18/NaSal胶束是一种新型减阻胶束体系。
