This article delves into the intricate landscape of gender roles within China,employing a historical lens to dissect the evolution of these roles throughout key periods of Chinese societal transformation.The study cen...This article delves into the intricate landscape of gender roles within China,employing a historical lens to dissect the evolution of these roles throughout key periods of Chinese societal transformation.The study centres on three pivotal epochs in contemporary China:the pre-liberation era(prior to 1949),the era of socialist construction(1949-1978),and the phase of economic reform(post-1978).Despite the undeniably persistent underpinning of traditional gender roles throughout history,this analysis offers insight into the essence of feminist movements-an ongoing struggle against the subjugation of women.While notable strides have been made in enhancing the status and rights of women in recent decades,it becomes evident that achieving genuine gender equality necessitates a more nuanced approach beyond the mere expansion of educational and occupational opportunities for women.True transformation mandates heightened awareness of gender inequality across all societal domains,catalysing collective participation in social initiatives by both genders.This article underscores the imperative of multifaceted engagement to drive meaningful and lasting shifts in gender dynamics.展开更多
Mangrove utilization and management were observed done by men and women depending on their needs and priorities in Casiguran, Aurora. This study, therefore, tried to investigate the gender roles in the utilization and...Mangrove utilization and management were observed done by men and women depending on their needs and priorities in Casiguran, Aurora. This study, therefore, tried to investigate the gender roles in the utilization and management of mangrove forests, the existing mangrove management practices and their challenges, and the relationship between gender and mangrove resources management. A mixed-method approach was used and data were obtained through triangulation. Respondents were obtained through snowball sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire with a few open-ended questions. Results revealed that the majority of the respondents were women (60.7%) and residents of Brgy. Esteves (52.5%) live within or near the mangrove forest. Mostly married (59%) who were providing food and income for the family. They utilized mangrove woods (58.20%) with an average quantity of less than 10 board feet (34.4%) for cooking (40.2%). Roots were utilized in minimal amounts (2.50%) for mythical, medicine, and cork purposes. Mollusks (93.44%), commonly bivalves (93.4%), were primarily gleaned by women for food consumption (93.4%) and as a source of income (93. 61%). On the other hand, catching of crabs (57.4%) for consumption (56.6%) and as a source of income (14.8%) and catching of fish (31.1%) for consumption (27.9%) were done by men. Both genders were involved in mangrove management practices, although only 65% of them had actual involvement in mangrove planting, 19% in mangrove nursery development and maintenance, and 16% in mangrove plantation maintenance. Challenges in management include low survival rate of planted mangroves (33%), lack of maintenance activity (20%), and lack of funds for mobilization (20%). A chi-square test of independence revealed that both men and women have no significant difference in their involvement in nursery establishment and maintenance, mangrove planting, and plantation management.展开更多
According to Confucian philosophy, the main source of traditional Chinese culture the husband is responsible for handling external affairs, while the wife takes charge of home affairs. In this social order, men are su...According to Confucian philosophy, the main source of traditional Chinese culture the husband is responsible for handling external affairs, while the wife takes charge of home affairs. In this social order, men are superior to women.展开更多
This essay analyzes the famous French writer's novel Candide from the perspective of gender roles. It introduces some literary terms related to gender,and explains my understanding of the gender roles some charact...This essay analyzes the famous French writer's novel Candide from the perspective of gender roles. It introduces some literary terms related to gender,and explains my understanding of the gender roles some characters have played from the aspects of wars and masculinity,Candide and masculinity,female characters and femininity,and Candide related to feminism.展开更多
In his masterpiece Women in Love,D.H.Lawrence devoted a large amount of space to the depiction of sex,sexuality and male-female relationship,which have always been the concerns of academic circle.Yet,in her study of t...In his masterpiece Women in Love,D.H.Lawrence devoted a large amount of space to the depiction of sex,sexuality and male-female relationship,which have always been the concerns of academic circle.Yet,in her study of this novel,the present author has noticed that the male-female relationships in the novel is largely subject to the institutions and seem doomed to failure.This essay will,with the help of theories of gender criticism,concentrate on the analysis of the institutionalized social and family roles undertaken by the main characters in the novel.展开更多
This paper aims to probe into the two distinct gender roles—males and females—in several ways,and further answers the question"what on earth cause the salient differentiation in gender roles,biases or differenc...This paper aims to probe into the two distinct gender roles—males and females—in several ways,and further answers the question"what on earth cause the salient differentiation in gender roles,biases or differences?"In conclusion,the author holds that it is the physiological and psychological differences in the two sexes that result in the differed distribution of such vari ous duties which males and females are supposed to fulfill as the current society has expected.展开更多
It is unknown whether the famous sex-related difference in emotion processing is accounted for by biological sex,gender role,or their interaction.To clarify the issue,in Study 1 we recorded event-related potentials in...It is unknown whether the famous sex-related difference in emotion processing is accounted for by biological sex,gender role,or their interaction.To clarify the issue,in Study 1 we recorded event-related potentials in response to negative and positive images of diverse intensities when 47 masculine(26 males)and 47 feminine(22 males)subjects performed a non-emotional task.The occipital P1 and N1 amplitudes were larger in women than in men,while feminine subjects showed larger N1 amplitudes than masculine subjects,regardless of sex.Moreover,feminine subjects showed enhanced frontocentral N2(210–270 ms)amplitudes for highly and mildly negative than for neutral stimuli,while masculine subjects showed an emotion effect only for highly negative stimuli.The feminine-specific effect for mildly negative stimuli was positively correlated to the feminine score,and this correlation was located to the anterior cingulate and the superior and medial frontal gyri.Furthermore,feminine but not masculine subjects showed enhanced parietal P3(330–560 ms)amplitudes for highly and mildly positive than for neutral stimuli,an effect positively related to the feminine score and localized to the precuneus,posterior cingulate,and superior temporal gyrus.Machine learning analyses verified that single-trial N2 and P3 amplitudes of feminine subjects reliably discriminated the intensity of negative and positive stimuli,respectively.For ecological considerations,in Study 2 we used an observational approach(n=300)and confirmed that feminine gender role,rather than biological sex,predicted individual differences in daily experience of emotion-related psychopathological symptoms.These findings provide solid evidence for the critical impact of gender role rather than sex on emotional susceptibility.展开更多
文摘This article delves into the intricate landscape of gender roles within China,employing a historical lens to dissect the evolution of these roles throughout key periods of Chinese societal transformation.The study centres on three pivotal epochs in contemporary China:the pre-liberation era(prior to 1949),the era of socialist construction(1949-1978),and the phase of economic reform(post-1978).Despite the undeniably persistent underpinning of traditional gender roles throughout history,this analysis offers insight into the essence of feminist movements-an ongoing struggle against the subjugation of women.While notable strides have been made in enhancing the status and rights of women in recent decades,it becomes evident that achieving genuine gender equality necessitates a more nuanced approach beyond the mere expansion of educational and occupational opportunities for women.True transformation mandates heightened awareness of gender inequality across all societal domains,catalysing collective participation in social initiatives by both genders.This article underscores the imperative of multifaceted engagement to drive meaningful and lasting shifts in gender dynamics.
文摘Mangrove utilization and management were observed done by men and women depending on their needs and priorities in Casiguran, Aurora. This study, therefore, tried to investigate the gender roles in the utilization and management of mangrove forests, the existing mangrove management practices and their challenges, and the relationship between gender and mangrove resources management. A mixed-method approach was used and data were obtained through triangulation. Respondents were obtained through snowball sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire with a few open-ended questions. Results revealed that the majority of the respondents were women (60.7%) and residents of Brgy. Esteves (52.5%) live within or near the mangrove forest. Mostly married (59%) who were providing food and income for the family. They utilized mangrove woods (58.20%) with an average quantity of less than 10 board feet (34.4%) for cooking (40.2%). Roots were utilized in minimal amounts (2.50%) for mythical, medicine, and cork purposes. Mollusks (93.44%), commonly bivalves (93.4%), were primarily gleaned by women for food consumption (93.4%) and as a source of income (93. 61%). On the other hand, catching of crabs (57.4%) for consumption (56.6%) and as a source of income (14.8%) and catching of fish (31.1%) for consumption (27.9%) were done by men. Both genders were involved in mangrove management practices, although only 65% of them had actual involvement in mangrove planting, 19% in mangrove nursery development and maintenance, and 16% in mangrove plantation maintenance. Challenges in management include low survival rate of planted mangroves (33%), lack of maintenance activity (20%), and lack of funds for mobilization (20%). A chi-square test of independence revealed that both men and women have no significant difference in their involvement in nursery establishment and maintenance, mangrove planting, and plantation management.
文摘According to Confucian philosophy, the main source of traditional Chinese culture the husband is responsible for handling external affairs, while the wife takes charge of home affairs. In this social order, men are superior to women.
文摘This essay analyzes the famous French writer's novel Candide from the perspective of gender roles. It introduces some literary terms related to gender,and explains my understanding of the gender roles some characters have played from the aspects of wars and masculinity,Candide and masculinity,female characters and femininity,and Candide related to feminism.
文摘In his masterpiece Women in Love,D.H.Lawrence devoted a large amount of space to the depiction of sex,sexuality and male-female relationship,which have always been the concerns of academic circle.Yet,in her study of this novel,the present author has noticed that the male-female relationships in the novel is largely subject to the institutions and seem doomed to failure.This essay will,with the help of theories of gender criticism,concentrate on the analysis of the institutionalized social and family roles undertaken by the main characters in the novel.
文摘This paper aims to probe into the two distinct gender roles—males and females—in several ways,and further answers the question"what on earth cause the salient differentiation in gender roles,biases or differences?"In conclusion,the author holds that it is the physiological and psychological differences in the two sexes that result in the differed distribution of such vari ous duties which males and females are supposed to fulfill as the current society has expected.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671164,31970980,and 31971018)a Guangdong Key Basic Research Grant(2018B030332001)+2 种基金Shenzhen Basic Research Project(JCYJ20180305124305294)the Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science(2019SHIBS0003)the Shenzhen Education Science Program(ybzz19014).
文摘It is unknown whether the famous sex-related difference in emotion processing is accounted for by biological sex,gender role,or their interaction.To clarify the issue,in Study 1 we recorded event-related potentials in response to negative and positive images of diverse intensities when 47 masculine(26 males)and 47 feminine(22 males)subjects performed a non-emotional task.The occipital P1 and N1 amplitudes were larger in women than in men,while feminine subjects showed larger N1 amplitudes than masculine subjects,regardless of sex.Moreover,feminine subjects showed enhanced frontocentral N2(210–270 ms)amplitudes for highly and mildly negative than for neutral stimuli,while masculine subjects showed an emotion effect only for highly negative stimuli.The feminine-specific effect for mildly negative stimuli was positively correlated to the feminine score,and this correlation was located to the anterior cingulate and the superior and medial frontal gyri.Furthermore,feminine but not masculine subjects showed enhanced parietal P3(330–560 ms)amplitudes for highly and mildly positive than for neutral stimuli,an effect positively related to the feminine score and localized to the precuneus,posterior cingulate,and superior temporal gyrus.Machine learning analyses verified that single-trial N2 and P3 amplitudes of feminine subjects reliably discriminated the intensity of negative and positive stimuli,respectively.For ecological considerations,in Study 2 we used an observational approach(n=300)and confirmed that feminine gender role,rather than biological sex,predicted individual differences in daily experience of emotion-related psychopathological symptoms.These findings provide solid evidence for the critical impact of gender role rather than sex on emotional susceptibility.
