Cell cycle-related genes p57kip2, Cdk5 and Spin in the pathogenesis of neural tube defects

In the field of developmental neurobiology, accurate and ordered regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis are crucial factors contributing to the normal formation of the neural tube. Preliminary studies identified several genes involved in the development of neural tube defects. In this study, we established a model of developmental neural tube defects by administration of retinoic acid to pregnant rats. Gene chip hybridization analysis showed that genes related to the cell cycle and apoptosis, signal transduction, transcription and translation regulation, energy and metabolism, heat shock, and matrix and cytoskeletal proteins were all involved in the formation of developmental neural tube defects. Among these, cell cycle-related genes were predominant. Retinoic acid treat-ment caused differential expression of three cell cycle-related genes p57kip2, Cdk5 and Spin, the expression levels of which were downregulated by retinoic acid and upregulated during normal neural tube formation. The results of this study indicate that cell cycle-related genes play an im-portant role in the formation of neural tube defects. P57kip2, Cdk5 and Spin may be critical genes in the pathogenesis of neural tube defects.

Detection of Gene Alteration for Color Vision Defects by Polymerase Chain Reaction

According to the fact that the abnormalities of visual pigment genes were always involved in the changing of the exon 5, two oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify the exon 5 of red pigment gene and green pigment gene. After electrophoresis of the PCR products digested with Rsal or Sau3A, the DNA fragments from the exon 5 of red pigment gene (RPG) and green pigment gene (GPG) were separated since there are different restriction endonuclease sites. On the other hand, we analyzed the exon 5 rela...

Color Vision Defects with Variation in the Exon 5 of Red and Green Pigment Genes

Purpose : To investigate correlation of variation in the exon 5 of red and green pigment genes with color vision defects.Methods : Exon 5 of the red and green pigment genes in 11 protans, 19 deutans and 38 normal controls were analyzed by heteroduplux-SSCP analysis.Results : In all 11 protans and 8 of the 19 deutans, defects of the red or green pigment gene could be identified. The C polymorphism (A/C at codon 283) in green pigment gene was present in 8 of 44 trichromats and 5 of 24 dichromats. Specific electrophoretic bands were found in 2 normal controls and a deutan.Conclusions: Variation in the exon 5 of the red and green pigment genes is the most common cause for color vision defects. Heteroduplex-SSCP analysis is a suitable way in screening specific variation in visual pigment genes. Eye Science 1998; 14 : 130 - 133.

基于新疆乳用型褐牛遗传缺陷基因和致死单倍型检测应用效果研究

为了提升新疆乳用型褐牛选育水平,应用93种牛遗传缺陷基因和致死单倍型的引物组合及试剂盒,随机抽样296头乳用型新疆褐牛遗传缺陷基因(如脊髓性肌萎缩、髓鞘发育不良、蜘蛛腿综合征等)的因果突变位点(SNP、短片段的插入或缺失)及致死单倍型(BH2、BH6、BH14、OH2、OH4等)进行检测,筛选出具有单基因遗传缺陷基因的携带者及致死单倍型携带者的牛,提示BH2、BH6、BH14和脊髓髓鞘发育异常在新疆褐牛母牛群体中存在一定的比例,对携带遗传缺陷基因和致死单倍型牛只繁殖性能和疾病发病统计分析,其比较结果差异显著(P<0.05);对携带牛只采用选种、选配手段繁殖产生正常F1代(未检测出缺陷基因和致死单倍型检),分析其繁殖指标,结果表明繁殖性能有明显提升。有必要定期对携带者母牛进行筛查并合理选种选配,为新疆褐牛乳用性能选育、群体遗传改良和地方品种遗传资源的保护提供依据。

视黄酸诱导的小鼠神经管畸形基因表达趋势分析

目的·探究小鼠胚胎在视黄酸(retinoic acid,RA)诱导下产生神经管畸形的分子调控机制,揭示小鼠神经管闭合阶段基因表达规律。方法·基于已获得的小鼠胚胎神经管闭合关键期[胚胎发育第8.5日(embryonic day 8.5,E8.5)、E9.5、E10.5]高质量脑泡转录组数据,利用短时间序列表达挖掘器(Short Time-series Expression Miner,STEM)软件分别得到RA处理组和正常组在3个时间点的基因表达趋势数据。对处理组与正常组基因表达趋势不一致的基因进行基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)富集分析、京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集分析,并随机筛选候选基因以验证测序数据可靠性。利用RA诱导构建神经管畸形小鼠模型,分为处理组和正常组,每组各9只。处理组和正常组孕鼠在E7.5分别接受28 mg/kg RA和香油灌胃处理,在E8.5、E9.5、E10.5收集胎鼠脑泡组织,对筛选的候选基因进行实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,RT-qPCR)验证。结果·正常组共检测出18255个基因的表达量数据,处理组共检测出19037个基因的表达量数据;正常组基因可归纳至7个具有显著意义的表达模式中,处理组基因可归纳至6个具有显著意义的表达模式中;正常组和处理组检测到表达的基因数目足够、表达的模式相似,具有可比性。进一步分析发现正常组中呈现上升表达趋势但在处理组中呈现下降表达趋势的基因共有46个,在生物学过程层面富集在器官发育、神经元凋亡的正负调控、少突胶质细胞增殖、成纤维生长因子信号通路等;在细胞组分层面,主要参与组成细胞、神经元的基本结构;在分子功能层面,主要与成纤维细胞生长因子受体结合有关。正常组中呈现下降表达趋势而在处理组中呈现上升表达趋势的61个基因,在生物学过程层面富集在细胞溶解、氨基酸/离子转运等功能上;在细胞组分层面,富集在胞内分子、皮质颗粒、胞外区域、细胞间隙等;在分子功能层面,与一系列酶及转运蛋白的活性有关。RT-qPCR验证结果显示转录组测序数据真实可靠。结论·RA干预使小鼠胚胎发育过程中发生基因表达失调和应激反应,导致胚胎发育异常,机体自我保护相关信号通路激活,维持胚胎正常发育的基因受到抑制。

产前超声诊断先天性心脏病胎儿的基因特征

目的 观察产前超声诊断先天性心脏病(CHD)胎儿的基因特征。方法 回顾性分析613胎经产前超声诊断CHD的单胎胎儿资料,并将其分为8类心脏结构异常;其中40胎因染色体核型分析和/或染色体微阵列分析(CMA)提示良性拷贝数变异(CNV)或临床意义不明确的CNV(VUS)而接受全外显子测序(WES)。结果 613胎CHD中,479胎接受染色体核型分析及CMA,基因检测显示60胎(60/479,12.53%)存在异常;134胎仅接受CMA,基因检测显示4胎(4/134,2.99%)存在异常。568胎为孤立性、45胎为非孤立性CHD,分别有40胎(40/568,7.04%)及15胎(15/45,33.33%)染色体核型分析和/或CMA显示异常。复合型CHD(10/41,24.39%)染色体核型分析和/或CMA异常检出率高于非复合型(54/572,9.44%)。复合型CHD中,染色体核型分析和/或CMA异常检出率在圆锥动脉干畸形(CTD)合并静脉系统畸形胎儿中最高,达30.77%(4/13);非复合型CHD中,染色体核型分析和/或CMA异常检出率在内脏反位胎儿中最高,为25.00%(1/4)。染色体核型分析和/或CMA结果提示良性CNV或VUS的40胎中,WES提示3胎为致病性/可能致病性CNV(P/LP)、3胎为VUS、34胎为良性CNV。结论 CHD胎儿、尤其合并心外畸形者可能存在基因异常;CTD胎儿合并其他类型心脏结构异常时,基因异常可能性更大。相比单纯CMA,染色体核型分析联合CMA更有助于发现基因异常。

低叶酸联合甲氨蝶呤诱导神经管畸形胎鼠的神经组织转录组学分析

目的利用低叶酸饲喂联合甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate,MTX)诱导的小鼠神经管畸形(neural tube defects,NTDs)模型,分析孕9.5天胎鼠脑组织和脊髓组织基因转录表达的变化,探讨可能影响神经组织发育的功能基因及转录因子。方法将SPF级、6~8周龄健康雌性ICR小鼠分为两组,其中对照组采用正常饲喂,低叶酸联合MTX实验组采用低叶酸饲喂,4周后交配,受孕7.5天实验组以1.5mg/kg浓度腹腔注射MTX,受孕9.5天获取两组的胎鼠脑、脊髓组织,分别提取总RNA进行RNA-seq,采用DESeq软件筛选差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),采用生物信息学方法分析实验组与对照组中影响神经组织发育的差异基因功能及转录因子。结果实验组与对照组比较,脑、脊髓组织基因转录组分别有939、879个DEGs。GO(gene ontology)功能分析显示,脑组织DEGs功能按生物学过程(biological process,BP)分类,上、下调的基因均主要集中在细胞过程、生物调节、发育过程;按细胞组分(cellular component,CC)分类,上、下调的基因均主要集中在细胞、细胞器相关组分;按分子功能(molecular function,MF)分类,上、下调的基因均主要集中在蛋白结合、转录调节活性。脊髓组织DEGs功能在各分类中结果与脑组织的相似。脑、脊髓组织的差异表达转录因子主要聚焦在zf-C2H2、bHLH、Homeobox、STAT等家族。结论低叶酸联合MTX能够引起胎鼠神经组织基因组的转录改变,DEGs功能主要与神经细胞发育、转录调节有关。影响神经发育的转录调节因子集中在zf-C2H2、bHLH、Homeobox、STAT家族。

变形链球菌LuxS基因缺失对生物膜结构的影响探究

目的探究变形链球菌LuxS基因缺陷株与标准株在生物膜结构上的差异。方法采用釉质磨片为载体,将变形链球菌标准菌株及luxS基因缺陷株按照1∶1比例接种于培养基中,通过培养后观察两者菌落形态学的变化和生长曲线的变化,比较两者生物膜中单个细菌的情况,比较两者在24 h后形成的生物膜结构情况,采用RT-PCR检测菌液中信号分子自诱导物(AI)-2 mRNA的表达水平。结果变形链球菌标准菌株和LuxS基因缺失菌株在菌落形态学上未见明显的表型差别,两者生长曲线的总体变化一致,两者形成的生物膜存在差异,变形链球菌标准菌株形成生物膜结构更紧密,而缺陷株生物膜菌间结构比较稀疏,RT-PCR检测变形链球菌LuxS基因缺陷株的AI-2 mRNA表达水平低于标准菌,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论变形链球菌LuxS基因缺陷株与标准株在离体模型上培养的生物膜结构发生了变化,LuxS基因缺失会影响生物膜结构。

纳米粒子在骨组织工程化基因修饰治疗中的应用

背景:传统的骨组织工程技术治疗临界骨缺损存在成骨效率低、安全性差等问题。而以非病毒纳米粒子为基因载体构建的基因强化型骨组织工程移植物,具有更高的成骨效率和安全性,引起了国内外学者的广泛关注和研究。目的:对当前国内外有关纳米粒子在组织工程成骨基因治疗研究中取得的新技术、新方法以及面临的挑战等进行综述,旨在为纳米粒子介导的骨组织工程基因治疗研究提供参考。方法:第一作者在Pub Med、Web of Science和中国知网数据库上进行文献检索,并以“Bone defect repair,Bone tissue engineering,Gene delivery,Nanoparticles,Non-viral gene vector,Sustained release technology,Sequential release,Targeted delivery”作为英文检索词,以“骨缺损修复,骨组织工程,基因递送,纳米粒子,非病毒基因载体,缓释技术,序贯释放,靶向递送”作为中文检索词,最终纳入84篇文献进行总结。结果与结论:(1)在骨缺损愈合的各个生理阶段进行针对性的基因递送可以显著增强骨修复效果。在早期炎症阶段,通过纳米粒子递送抗炎基因来调节炎症反应,可以为后续骨愈合奠定基础;在血管新生期,向局部递送促血管化基因有助于形成高度组织化、可灌注的血管系统,加快骨愈合速度;随着血管化的进行,骨骼的神经再支配也开始发生,此时递送促神经再生的功能性基因有利于促进神经化骨再生;在成骨阶段,通过构建纳米粒子-成骨基因复合物,可以直接提升支架及体内新骨形成的效率。(2)各种有机、无机纳米颗粒、金属有机框架和外泌体等非病毒纳米载体,在骨组织工程基因治疗中具有巨大的潜力,这些纳米基因载体各有其独特的优势和不足,因此在实际应用时,需要根据基因转染效率、生物安全性和成骨特性等因素选择最合适的类型。(3)为了全面提升递送基因的效果,目前主要通过对纳米载体进行各种功能设计来增强基因转染效率,包括增强缓释性和多基因递送序贯性等时间调控能力、增强对骨组织和成骨相关细胞的空间靶向能力、增强跨膜运输效率和细胞核靶向能力等全过程调控手段。(4)未来要进一步推动纳米粒子介导的骨组织工程基因治疗在临床上的应用,还需要克服诸多技术挑战,包括提高有机纳米基因载体的基因转染效率、降低无机纳米载体的生物安全性风险、优化新型纳米载体的生产工艺以及促进其它生理过程与成骨交互作用等,这些问题也是未来骨组织工程基因治疗的研究热点和潮流。

Association of USP26 haplotypes in men in Taiwan, China with severe spermatogenic defect

Aim： To complete comprehensive haplotype analysis of USP26 for both fertile and infertile men. Methods： Two hundred infertile men with severe oligospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia were subjected to sequence analysis for the entire coding sequences of the USP26 gene. Two hundred men with proven fertility were genotyped by primer extension methods. Allele/genotype frequencies, linkage disequilibrium （LD） characteristics and haplotypes of fertile men were compared with infertile men. Results： The allele frequencies of five single nucleotide polymor- phisms （370-37 linsACA, 494T〉C, 576G〉A, ss6202791C〉T, 1737G〉A） were significantly higher in infertile patients than control subjects. The major haplotypes in infertile men were TACCGA （28% of the population）, TGCCGA （15%）, TACCAA （8%）, TGCCAA （6%）, TATCAA （5%） and CATCAA （5%）. The major haplotypes for the control subjects were TACCGA （58% of the population）, CACCGA （7%）, CATCGA （6%） and TGCCGA （5%）. Haplotypes TGCCGA, TATCAA, CATCAA, CATCGC, TACCAA and TGCCAA were over-transmitted in patients with spermato- genic defect, whereas haplotypes TACCGA, CACCGA, and CATCGA were under-transmitted in these patients. Conclusion： Some USP26 alleles and haplotypes are associated with spermatogenic defect in the Han nationality in Taiwan, China.

A DiGeorge Syndrome Case Report—Challenges of Diagnosis and Management

Background: DiGeorge syndrome (also known as velo-cardio-facial syndrome) is a rare multisystem genetic disorder occurring in approximately 1 in 4000 to 1 in 6000 live births [1]. Although advances in genetic screening have improved diagnosis in developed countries, the condition remains underdiagnosed in developing nations such as the Republic of Moldova, where access to genetic testing and family planning services is limited. Routine prenatal screening usually includes regular ultrasounds, monitoring of blood pressure, complete blood counts, coagulation studies, glucose, urine protein, and urine culture. Current ultrasound techniques have limitations in detecting this syndrome due to variability in interpretation, and genetic testing is often performed based on clinical discretion. The ultrasound could potentially point towards a genetic problem, as in DiGeorge, if multiple cardiac malformations are spotted in utero, but most cases such as this one are diagnosed after birth while being described as totally normal on prenatal ultrasound. Purpose: This study aims to highlight the diagnostic challenges and the need for comprehensive evaluation in identifying DiGeorge syndrome, emphasizing the importance of considering the syndrome as a whole rather than focusing on isolated organ system issues. Method: We present a case report of a 6-month-old girl who, after an uneventful pregnancy and normal prenatal ultrasound, presented with cardiac insufficiency. Following extensive investigations and multiple surgical interventions, DiGeorge syndrome was diagnosed at 9 months of age. Results: The patient’s diagnosis was delayed due to the lack of prenatal markers and the reliance on separate investigations of affected organ systems. Despite several interventions aimed at managing her symptoms, the final diagnosis was made after observing the association of multiple clinical features and conducting comprehensive genetic testing. Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of a holistic approach to diagnosis, which involves a thorough patient history, integration of diverse diagnostic tests, and recognition of the syndrome’s multi-system nature. It highlights the necessity for improved diagnostic protocols and increased awareness in regions with limited access to advanced genetic testing to prevent delays in identifying DiGeorge syndrome and to facilitate timely and appropriate management.

Infant cholestasis patient with a novel missense mutation in the AKR1D1 gene successfully treated by early adequate supplementation with chenodeoxycholic acid: A case report and review of the literature

Steroid 5β-reductase [aldo-keto reductase family 1 member D1(AKR1D1)] is essential for bile acid biosynthesis. Bile acid deficiency caused by genetic defects in AKR1D1 leads to life-threatening neonatal hepatitis and cholestasis. There is still limited experience regarding the treatment of this disease. We describe an infant who presented with hyperbilirubinemia and coagulopathy but normal bile acid and γ-glutamyltransferase. Gene analysis was performed using genomic DNA from peripheral lymphocytes from the patient, his parents, and his elder brother. The patient was compound heterozygous for c.919C>T in exon 8 and exhibited a loss of heterozygosity of the AKR1D1 gene, which led to an amino acid substitution of arginine by cysteine at amino acid position 307(p.R307C). Based on these mutations, the patient was confirmed to have primary 5β-reductase deficiency. Ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) treatment did not have any effect on the patient. However, when we changed to chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA) treatment, his symptoms and laboratory tests gradually improved. It is therefore crucial to supplement with an adequate dose of CDCA early to improve clinical symptoms and to normalize laboratory tests.

3例CHDFIDD患儿的分子遗传学分析及文献复习

目的分析先天性心脏缺陷、面部畸形和智力发育障碍[CHDFIDD,细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶13(CDK13)相关疾病]患儿的临床表型及基因突变情况,探讨其遗传学病因。方法采用芯片捕获高通量测序技术对3例CHDFIDD患儿及其父母的基因组DNA进行全外显子组测序,对疑似致病突变进行Sanger测序验证和生物信息分析。以“CDK13基因”“CDK13相关疾病”为检索词,检索中国知网、万方数据库建库至2024年2月的文献;以“CDK13”“CDK13-related disorder”“CHDFIDD”为检索词,检索PubMed数据库建库至2024年2月的文献,对相关文献进行复习。结果全外显子组测序结果均提示3例患儿存在CDK13基因杂合突变,分别为c.2572C>T(p.Leu858Phe)、c.2579G>A(p.Arg860Gln)和c.2602C>T(p.Arg868Trp),Sanger测序也证实了3种突变,结合临床表型,3例患儿均被确诊为CHDFIDD。3例患儿在各自家系中表现为新发突变;但不排除患儿双亲之一为该突变的生殖系嵌合体。根据美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会的指南,3个突变位点均可能致病。文献复习检索到14篇相关文献共108例CHDFIDD病例,其中c.2572C>T突变未见文献报道。结论CDK13基因突变可能是该3例患儿的遗传学病因。本研究丰富了CDK13基因突变谱,为CHDFIDD相关疾病的诊疗提供了参考。

Missense mutations in CSX/NKX_(2.5)are associated with atrial septal defects

Objective ：To study the gene mutations of homeobox transcription factor （CSX/NKX2.5） associated with a Chinese family with secundum atrial septal defect （ASD）. Methods ：Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to check all the members in the family with ASD, and single strand conformation polymorphism analysis （SSCP） was used to check 126 normal control people for detecting the mutations of CSX/NKX2.5 gene. Results： Three mutations, G270A（Glu32Lys ）, G378A （Glu68Lys）andG390A （Glu72Lys）were identified in CSX/NKX2.5 gene of ASD patients. However, the other members in the family with ASD and the control did not have such gene mutations. Conclusion：These mutations of CSX/NKX2.5 gene, which were identified in a Chinese family, may be one of the secundum ASD etiologic causes .

Single 5'green-3'red Hybrid Gene in Protanopia

Purpose: To disclose the structure of visual pigment gene for a protanopia with specific variation.Methods: Exon 5 fragments of the red andgreen visual pigment genes from the protanopia with specific varnation as well as controls were amplified by poly-merase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were put through heteroduplex-SSCP analysis and PCR-RFLP (restriction fragement length polymorphism) analysis to clarify the specific variation. The specific variation of the exon 5 DNA fragment from the protanopia was identified by sequencing.Results: A novel 5’green-3’red hybrid gene fragment without the normal red and green visual pigment gene was discovered in the protanopia. He should only have a single visual pigment gene, 5’green-3’red hybrid gene, on his X chromosome. The fusion point is between codon 285 and codon 296 in exon 5. Conclusion : Unequal intragenic recombination may occur in exon 5 as well as its upstream. A 5’green-3’red hybrid gene may present independently on the X chromosome without

Brain stem global gene expression profiles in human spina bifida embryos

Environmental and genetic factors influence the occurrence of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida. Specific disease expression patterns will help to elucidate the pathogenesis of disease. However, results obtained from animal models, which often exhibit organism specificity, do not fully explain the mechanisms of human spina bifida onset. In the present study, three embryos with a gestational age of approximately 17 weeks and a confirmed diagnosis of spina bifida, as well as 3 age-matched normal embryos, were obtained from abortions. Fetal brain stem tissues were dissected for RNA isolation, and microarray analyses were conducted to examine profiles of gene expression in brain stems of spina bifida and normal embryos using Affymetrix HG-U133A 2.0 GeneChip arrays. Of the 14 500 gene transcripts examined, a total of 182 genes exhibited at least 2.5-fold change in expression, including 140 upregulated and 42 downregulated genes. These genes were placed into 19 main functional categories according to the Gene Ontology Consortium database for biological functions. Of the 182 altered genes, approximately 50% were involved in cellular apoptosis, growth, adhesion, cell cycle, stress, DNA replication and repair, signal transduction, nervous system development, oxidoreduction, immune responses, and regulation of gene transcription. Gene expression in multiple biological pathways was altered in the brain stem of human spina bifida embryos.

Molecular Tissue Engineering: Applications for Modulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Proliferation by Transforming Growth Factor β_1 Gene Transfer

The effect of transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF β 1 ) gene transfection on the proliferation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC S ) and the mechanism was investigated to provide basis for accelerating articular cartilage repairing using molecular tissue engineering technology. TGF β 1 gene at different doses was transduced into the rat bone marrow derived MSCs to examine the effects of TGF β 1 gene transfection on MSCs DNA synthesis, cell cycle kinetics and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The results showed that 3 μl lipofectamine mediated 1 μg TGF β 1 gene transfection could effectively promote the proliferation of MSCs best; Under this condition (DNA/Lipofectamine=1μg/3μl), flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a significant increase in the 3 H incorporation, DNA content in S phase and the expression of PCNA. Transfection of gene encoding TGF β 1 could induce the cells at G0/G1 phase to S1 phase, modulate the replication of DNA through the enhancement of the PCNA expression, increase the content of DNA at S1 phase and promote the proliferation of MSCs. This new molecular tissue engineering approach could be of potential benefit to enhance the repair of damaged articular cartilage, especially those caused by degenerative joint diseases.

Construction and in vitro Study of an E1B-Defective Adenovirus

An E1B-defective adenovirus named r1/Ad was constructed by homologous recombination. The construction, selection and propagation of recombinant virus was done in the human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293). Thein vitro study demonstrated that the recombinant virus has the ability to replicate in and lyse some p53-deficient human tumor cells such as the human glioblastoma tumor cells (U251) and human bladder tumer cells (EJ) but not in the normal cells with functional p53 such as the human fibroblast cells (MRC-5). Also, based on the cytopathic effect (CPE), it was demonstrated that the U251 cells were more sensitive to the infection of r1/Ad than that of EJ cells under identical conditions. In this paper, it was found that r1/Ad could be very useful in studying thein vitro selective replication of E1B-defective adenovirus. This may help to determine the safety of using any E1B-defective adenoviruses in cancer gene therapy. Key words E1B-defective adenovirus - cytopathic effect - cancer gene therapy CLC number Q78 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (3988003)Biography: Xue Feng (1978-), male, Master, research direction: cancer gene therapy by recombinant virus.

Design Process Optimization Based on Design Process Gene Mapping

The idea of genetic engineering is introduced into the area of product design to improve the design efficiency. A method towards design process optimization based on the design process gene is proposed through analyzing the correlation between the design process gene and characteristics of the design process. The concept of the design process gene is analyzed and categorized into five categories that are the task specification gene, the concept design gene, the overall design gene, the detailed design gene and the processing design gene in the light of five design phases. The elements and their interactions involved in each kind of design process gene signprocess gene mapping is drawn with its structure disclosed based on its function that process gene.

敲低NIPBL基因调控小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨的分化

背景:目前已将NIPBL基因突变作为诊断Cornelia de Lange综合征的首选指标,但由于该病的遗传异质性,显著增加了临床诊疗难度,尤其患儿骨骼发育畸形的发生率高,其发病机制尚不明确,目前无有效治疗方案,患儿平均寿命较一般人群显著缩短。目的:探究敲低NIPBL基因对小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化能力的影响及其可能的分子调控机制。方法:将慢病毒转染NIPBL sh RNA的小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞作为sh-NIPBL组,慢病毒空载体转染的骨髓间充质干细胞作为sh-NC组,无慢病毒干扰的骨髓间充质干细胞作为空白对照组,对上述3组细胞进行成软骨诱导培养,诱导21 d后测量软骨微球最大横截面的周长,行阿利辛蓝染色鉴定其诱导分化结果,免疫荧光法检测软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原的表达水平,应用实时荧光定量PCR法检测软骨细胞Sox-9、TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad4 m RNA表达水平。结果与结论:(1)成软骨诱导第21天,sh-NIPBL组的软骨微球最大横截面的周长明显小于对照组(P <0.05),阿利辛蓝染色后在倒置显微镜下观察sh-NC组较sh-NIPBL组可见更多的蓝色软骨内酸性黏多糖;(2)诱导成软骨分化后,sh-NIPBL组骨髓间充质干细胞中Ⅱ型胶原、Sox-9的表达低于sh-NC组和空白对照组(P <0.05);(3)成软骨诱导过程中,sh-NIPBL组TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad4基因的表达水平低于sh-NC组和空白对照组(P <0.05);(4)结果表明,慢病毒敲低NIPBL基因表达降低了骨髓间充质干细胞的成软骨分化能力,且该过程可能由TGF-β1/Smad信号通路参与介导。