High-throughput screening of mouse gene knockouts identifies established and novel skeletal phenotypes

Screening gene function in vivo is a powerful approach to discover novel drug targets. We present high-throughput screening （HTS） data for 3 762 distinct global gene knockout （KO） mouse lines with viable adult homozygous mice generated using either gene-trap or homologous recombination technologies. Bone mass was determined from DEXA scans of male and female mice at 14 weeks of age and by microCT analyses of bones from male mice at 16 weeks of age. Wild-type （WT） cagemates/littermates were examined for each gene KO. Lethality was observed in an additional 850 KO lines. Since primary HTS are susceptible to false positive findings, additional cohorts of mice from KO lines with intriguing HTS bone data were examined. Aging, ovariectomy, histomorphometry and bone strength studies were performed and possible non-skeletal phenotypes were explored. Together, these screens identified multiple genes affecting bone mass： 23 previously reported genes （Calcr, Cebpb, Crtap, Dcstamp, Dkkl, Duoxa2, Enppl, Fgf23, Kissl/Kisslr, Kl （Klotho）, Lrp5, Mstn, Neol, Npr2, Ostml, Postn, Sfrp4, S1c30a5, Sic39a13, Sost, Sumf1, Src, Wnt10b）, five novel genes extensively characterized （Cldn18, Fam20c, Lrrkl, Sgpll, Wnt16）, five novel genes with preliminary characterization （Agpat2, RassfS, Slc10a7, Stc26a7, Slc30a10） and three novel undisclosed genes coding for potential osteoporosis drug targets.

Gene knockout or inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury via inhibiting inflammatory response

Background:Liver injury is one of the most common complications during sepsis.Macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)is an important proinflammatory cytokine.This study explored the role of MIF in the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced liver injury through genetically manipulated mouse strains.Methods:The model of LPS-induced liver injury was established in wild-type and Mif-knockout C57/BL6 mice.Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and total bilirubin(TBil)were detected,and the expressions of MIF,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)were measured.Liver histopathology was conducted to assess liver injury.Moreover,the inhibitions of MIF with(S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester(ISO-1)and 4-iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine(4-IPP)were used to evaluate their therapeutic potential of liver injury.Results:Compared with wild-type mice,the liver function indices and inflammation factors presented no significant difference in the Mif-/-mice.After 72 h of the LPS-induced liver injury,serum levels of ALT,AST,and TBil as well as TNF-αand IL-1βwere significantly increased,but the knockout of Mif attenuated liver injury and inflammatory response.In liver tissue,m RNA levels of TNF-α,IL-1βand NF-κB p65 were remarkably elevated in LPS-induced liver injury,while the knockout of Mif reduced these levels.Moreover,in LPS-induced liver injury,the inhibitions of MIF with ISO-1 and 4-IPP alleviated liver injury and slightly attenuated inflammatory response.Importantly,compared to mice with LPS-induced liver injury,Mif knockout or MIF inhibitions significantly prolonged the survival of the mice.Conclusions:In LPS-induced liver injury,the knockout of Mif or MIF inhibitions alleviated liver injury and slightly attenuated inflammatory response,thereby prolonged the survival of the mice.Targeting MIF may be an important strategy to protect the liver from injury during sepsis.

Claudin-7 gene knockout causes destruction of intestinal structure and animal death in mice

BACKGROUND Claudin-7, one of the important components of cellular tight junctions, is currently considered to be expressed abnormally in colorectal inflammation and colorectal cancer. However, there is currently no effective animal model to study its specific mechanism. Therefore, we constructed three lines of Claudin-7 knockout mice using the Cre/LoxP system.AIM To determine the function of the tumor suppressor gene Claudin-7 by generating three lines of Claudin-7 gene knockout mice.METHODS We crossed Claudin-7-floxed mice with CMV-Cre, vil1-Cre, and villin-CreERT2 transgenic mice, and the offspring were self-crossed to obtain conventional Claudin-7 knockout mice, conditional(intestinal specific) Claudin-7 knockout mice, and inducible conditional Claudin-7 knockout mice. Intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen into the inducible conditional Claudin-7 knockout mice can induce the knockout of Claudin-7. PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to identify mouse genotypes, and Western blot was used to confirm the knockout of Claudin-7. The mental state, body length, and survival time of these mice were observed. The dying mice were sacrificed, and hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe changes in intestinal structure and proliferation markers.RESULTS We generated Claudin-7-floxed mice and three lines of Claudin-7 gene knockout mice using the Cre/LoxP system successfully. Conventional and intestinal specific Claudin-7 knockout mice were stunted and died during the perinatal period, and intestinal HE staining in these mice revealed mucosal gland structure disappearance and connective tissue hyperplasia with extensive inflammatory cell infiltration. The inducible conditional Claudin-7 knockout mice had a normal phenotype at birth, but after the induction with tamoxifen, they exhibited a dying state. Intestinal HE staining showed significant inflammatory cell infiltration, and atypical hyperplasia and adenoma were also observed. Intestinal immunohistochemistry analysis showed abnormal expression and distribution of Ki67, and the normal intestinal proliferation balance was disrupted. The intestinal crypt size in inducible conditional Claudin-7 knockout mice was increased compared with control mice(small intestine: 54.1 ± 2.96 vs 38.4 ± 1.63;large intestine: 44.7 ± 1.93 vs 27.4 ± 0.60; P < 0.001).CONCLUSION The knockout of Claudin-7 in vivo causes extensive inflammation, atypical hyperplasia, and adenoma in intestinal tissue as well as animal death in mice.Claudin-7 may act as a tumor suppressor gene in the development of colorectal cancer.

Metabolic regulation of <i>Escherichia coli</i>cultivated under anaerobic and aerobic conditions in response to the specific pathway gene knockouts

Effect of the specific gene knockout on the main metabolism in Escherichia coli was reviewed, and the regulation mechanisms were clarified based on different levels of information such as gene expressions, enzyme activities, intracellular metabolite concentrations, and metabolic fluxes together with fermentation data. The effects of the knockout of such genes as pflA, pta, ppc, pykF, adhE, and ldhA on the metabolic changes were analyzed for the case under anaerobic condition. The effects of the knockout of such genes as pgi, zwf, gnd, ppc pck, pyk, and lpdA on the metabolic changes were also analyzed for the case under aerobic condition. The metabolic regulation analysis was made focusing on the roles of transcription factors.

Effects of p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout on axonal regeneration in a mouse model of facial nerve injury

BACKGROUND： Previous studies have shown that p75 neurotrophin receptor plays an important role in peripheral nerve injury. However, the role of p75 neurotrophin receptor in the regeneration of peripheral nerves remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To study the effect of p75 neurotrophin receptor on facial nerve regeneration. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized controlled experiment was performed in the Regeneration Laboratory of Flinders University, Australia and the Biomedical Laboratory of Dentistry School, Shandong University from March 2005 to February 2006. MATERIALS： Cholera toxin B subunit, fast blue, and biotin rabbit-anti goat IgG were provided by Sigma, USA; goat-anti choleratoxin B subunit ant/body was provided by List Biologicals, USA. METHODS： In p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout and wild type 129/sv mice, the facial nerves on one side were crushed. At days 2 and 4 following injury, regenerating motor neurons in the facial nuclei were labeled by fast blue, and the regenerating axon was labeled by the anterograde tracer choleratoxin B subunit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Axonal regenerative velocity and number were detected by immunohistochemical staining of choleratoxin B subunit, growth-associated protein, protein gene product 9.5, and calcitonin-gene-related peptide; survival of motor neurons in the facial nuclei was detected by retrograde fast blue. RESULTS： Axonal growth in the facial nerve of p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout mice was significantly less than in wild type mice. At day 7 after injury, the number of regenerating motor neurons in p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout mice remained significantly less than in wild type mice （P 〈 0.05）. The number of positively stained fibers for growth-associated protein-43, protein gene product 9.5, and calcitonin-gene-related peptide in p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout mice was significantly less than in wild type mice （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： p75 neurotrophin receptor promoted axonal regeneration and enhanced the survival rate of motor neurons following facial nerve injury.

Effect of Huxin Formula(护心方) on Reverse Cholesterol Transport in ApoE-Gene Knockout Mice

Objective： TO observe the effect of Huxin Formula （护心方, HXF） on expressions of the chief reverse cholesterol transport （RCT） associated genes, caveolin-1 and scavenger receptor-B I （SR-B I ） in ApoE-gene knockout [ApoE （-/-）] mice. Methods： Thirty ApoE （-/-） mice of 4-6 weeks old were randomly divided into three groups （A-C）. After being fed with high-fat diet for 16 weeks, they were treated with HXF （1 mL/100 g）, pravachol （0.3 mg/100 g）, and saline in equal volume respectively for 16 weeks successively; in addition, a blank group was set up with 10 C57BL/6J mice of 6-week old received 16-week high-fat feeding and saline treatment. Animals were sacrificed at the termination of the experiment, their paraffin sections of aortic tissue were used to measure the size of plaque, expressions of cavolin-1 and SR-B I were detected by immunological histochemical method. Results： As compared with the blank group, levels of caveolin-1 and SR-B I were increased in Groups A and B （P〈0.01）; but the increase in Group A was more significant than that in Group B （P〈0.05）. The plaque/aorta area ratio decreased significantly in Groups A and B, but showed insignificant difference between the two groups. Conclusion： HXF could obviously increase the expressions of RCT associated genes, caveolin-1 and SR-B I, promote the RCT process, so as to reduce the formation of aorta atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE （-/-） mice.

Effect of PRAK gene knockout on the proliferation of mouseembryonic fibroblasts

p38 regulated/activated protein kinase(PRAK)plays a key role in cell senescence and tumor suppression.The aim of this study was to investigate if PRAK had effect on cell proliferation.The growth of PRAK+/+and PRAK^(–/–)mouse embryonicfibroblast(MEF)cells was measured by methylthiazoletetrazolium(MTT)colorimetric assay,and the proportion of the cell number in different phases of the cell cycle was analyzed byflow cytometry.The growth curves showed that the growth rate was notably decreased,and cell double time was elongated in PRAK^(–/–)cells;moreover,the number of PRAK^(–/–)cells was decreased by 44.5%compared with that of PRAK+/+cells cultured for 96 h,suggesting that G2/M transition is inhibited in PRAK^(–/–)cells.Meanwhile,G1/S transition was also inhibited in PRAK^(–/–)cells,observed withflow cytometry analysis.The ratios of G0/G1,G2/M,and S phases of PRAK+/+cells were 44.9%,12.2%,and 42.9%,respec-tively,while those of PRAK^(–/–)cells were 55.3%,7.3%,and 37.4%,respectively.There were 23.1%increase and 12.7%decrease of the number of PRAK^(–/–)cells in G1 and S phases in comparison with that of PRAK+/+cells,respectively.Taken together,PRAK gene knockout in MEF cells leads to cell cycle arrest and proliferation inhibition.

Instability of microsatellites linked to targeted genes inCRISPR/Cas9-edited and traditional gene knockout mouse strains

The classic method for gene knockout (KO) is based on homologous recombination (HR) and embryonic stem cell technique (Gerlai,1996).Actually,the procedure of homologous replacement is complicated and time consuming,although it has been popular during the past decades.Recent years,genome editing which can cause DNA sequence-specific mutations in the genomes of cellular

Construction and biological characterization of Burkholderia pseudomallei sRNA gene deletion strain

Objective:Construction of Burkholderia pseudomallei(B.pseudomallei)sRNA knockout strains and observation of their biological function.Methods:Design 9sF/9sR,9xF/9xR and R1/F1 primers,which were used to amplify the homologous arm fragment upstream and downstream of the sRNA gene,through enzyme cutting,ligation,and transformation,the sRNA gene was knocked out from the B.pseudomallei by homologous recombination method.Results:The sRNA mutant was successfully constructed.In comparison with wild strain HNBP001,the growth rate,motility and biofilm formation ofΔsRNA decreased,but the antibiotic sensitivity has no differences.Conclusion:The sRNA knockout strain of B.pseudomallei was successfully constructed,laying a foundation for further research on its mechanism of regulating B.pseudomallei.

香蕉枯萎病菌内源报告基因Foc4carS的鉴定及其应用

香蕉枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌古巴转化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Foc)引起的香蕉毁灭性土传病害,其中4号生理小种(Foc4)能感染几乎所有的香蕉品系,危害最严重。carS基因通过调控下游car结构基因参与调控镰刀菌类胡萝卜素的生物合成,本研究克隆鉴定了Foc4carS基因(FOIG_05085),Foc4carS蛋白具有典型的RING-finger蛋白结构域。利用分割标记法(Split-marker PCR)获得Foc4carS基因的融合片段,同时构建含有Foc4carS基因sgRNA591序列的pUC-fFuCas9-HTBNLS-hph-Foc4carS基因编辑载体,通过PEG介导的原生质体转化获得该基因的敲除突变体、回补突变体以及基因编辑敲除体,并对敲除和回补突变体的生物学特性和致病力进行分析。结果显示:ΔFoc4carS突变体的菌落直径、产孢量和致病力等生物学表型与野生菌株Foc4无显著差异,而ΔFoc4carS突变体菌落颜色呈深橙色,Foc4carS基因的缺失影响了次生代谢产物类胡萝卜素的生物合成;基因编辑的ΔFoc4carS(HDR)突变体不论是再生筛选板还是继代后的PDA平板,其菌落均出现典型的深橙色,表明Foc4carS可作为内源报告基因,在香蕉枯萎菌Foc4中进行基因质粒型CRISPR/Cas9编辑可行。

利用CRISPR/Cas9构建敲除小鼠模型研究PPP2R3A基因对心脏功能的影响

目的 应用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建蛋白磷酸2调节亚基B″家族α亚型(PPP2R3A)基因敲除小鼠,从分子水平及组织水平上研究PPP2R3A缺失对心脏的影响。方法 将Cas9 mRNA和两个靶向PPP2R3A第3外显子翻译起始密码子附近区域的单导向RNA微注射到C57BL/6小鼠受精卵中。小鼠出生后取其基因组DNA进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)和测序以鉴定基因型,鉴定后,基因PPP2R3A缺失型小鼠为KO组,野生型C57BL/6小鼠为WT组(雄性3只,雌性2只)。小鼠心脏组织经甲醛固定并制成切片后分别进行苏木素-伊红(HE)染色和免疫组织化学染色。提取小鼠心脏组织总RNA和蛋白,应用荧光定量PCR和Western印迹验证基因敲除小鼠的有效性和检测互作蛋白表达。结果 获得F1代PPP2R3A杂合小鼠,PCR和测序结果表明突变小鼠的基因型存在113 bp的缺失突变。与WT组相比,KO组心脏组织中PPP2R3A mRNA和蛋白表达量明显下降(均P<0.05),参与心脏发育的G蛋白信号转导调控因子(RGS)19表达量明显升高(P<0.05)。PPP2R3A蛋白表达受损引起了心脏组织病理学变化。结论 PPP2R3A在体内可能通过与RGS19蛋白互作来参与心脏的发育并对心脏功能产生影响。

Calcium/calcimimetic via calcium-sensing receptor ameliorates cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea in mice

BACKGROUND Enterotoxins produce diarrhea through direct epithelial action and indirectly by activating the enteric nervous system.Calcium-sensing receptor(CaSR)inhibits both actions.The latter has been well documented in vitro but not in vivo.The hypothesis to be tested was that activating CaSR inhibits diarrhea in vivo.AIM To determine whether CaSR agonists ameliorate secretory diarrhea evoked by cholera toxin(CTX)in mice.METHODS CTX was given orally to C57BL/6 mice to induce diarrhea.Calcium and calci-mimetic R568 were used to activate CaSR.To maximize their local intestinal actions,calcium was administered luminally via oral rehydration solution(ORS),whereas R568 was applied serosally using an intraperitoneal route.To verify that their actions resulted from the intestine,effects were also examined on Cre-lox intestine-specific CaSR knockouts.Diarrhea outcome was measured biochemically by monitoring changes in fecal Cl-or clinically by assessing stool consistency and weight loss.RESULTS CTX induced secretory diarrhea,as evidenced by increases in fecal Cl-,stool consistency,and weight loss following CTX exposure,but did not alter CaSR,neither in content nor in function.Accordingly,calcium and R568 were each able to ameliorate diarrhea when applied to diseased intestines.Intestinal CaSR involvement is suggested by gene knockout experiments where the anti-diarrheal actions of R568 were lost in intestinal epithelial CaSR knockouts(villinCre/Casrflox/flox)and neuronal CaSR knockouts(nestinCre/Casrflox/flox).CONCLUSION Treatment of acute secretory diarrheas remains a global challenge.Despite advances in diarrhea research,few have been made in the realm of diarrhea therapeutics.ORS therapy has remained the standard of care,although it does not halt the losses of intestinal fluid and ions caused by pathogens.There is no cost-effective therapeutic for diarrhea.This and other studies suggest that adding calcium to ORS or using calcimimetics to activate intestinal CaSR might represent a novel approach for treating secretory diarrheal diseases.

Transplantation of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells for repair of neurological damage in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is often associated with permanent cerebral palsy,neurosensory impairments,and cognitive deficits,and there is no effective treatment for complications related to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.The therapeutic potential of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells for various diseases has been explored.However,the potential use of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy has not yet been investigated.In this study,we injected human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the lateral ventricle of a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy rat model and observed significant improvements in both cognitive and motor function.Protein chip analysis showed that interleukin-3 expression was significantly elevated in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy model rats.Following transplantation of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells,interleukin-3 expression was downregulated.To further investigate the role of interleukin-3 in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,we established an in vitro SH-SY5Y cell model of hypoxic-ischemic injury through oxygen-glucose deprivation and silenced interleukin-3 expression using small interfering RNA.We found that the activity and proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation were further suppressed by interleukin-3 knockdown.Furthermore,interleukin-3 knockout exacerbated neuronal damage and cognitive and motor function impairment in rat models of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.The findings suggest that transplantation of hpcMSCs ameliorated behavioral impairments in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,and this effect was mediated by interleukin-3-dependent neurological function.

利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建斑马鱼prkd1基因敲除品系

蛋白激酶D1 (protein kinase D1, PKD1;也称作PRKD1)是蛋白激酶家族成员之一,该家族由3种结构相关的应激激活酶组成,可调节机体多种生物学功能,主要涉及细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、免疫调节、心脏收缩、血管生成和癌症等,其中PRKD1与心脏肥大、收缩和缺血再灌注损伤的底物磷酸化有关。相关研究报道,先天性心脏病患者存在PRKD1基因突变,但其在心脏中的特异性功能和分子机制并未阐明。为了便于后期研究PRKD1基因在人类早期心脏发育的作用机制,本文拟利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建斑马鱼prkd1基因敲除品系。首先,通过生物信息学网站筛选出两个最佳的基因敲除靶位点,合成相应靶位点的单链向导RNA (single guide RNA,sg RNA)和引物;然后,将两个靶位点的sg RNA进行体外转录,并将其与Cas9蛋白混合后共同注射到斑马鱼的1-细胞期;最后,对基因敲除后的F0、F1、F2及F3代斑马鱼的胚胎和成鱼进行有效性鉴定及表型观察。结果显示,靶位点附近出现了不同程度的碱基缺失;成功构建了F1代能够稳定遗传的prkd1基因敲除的3个亚系;与野生型相比, F3代纯合子胚胎表现出不同程度的心腔膨大、环化异常及心管线性化等畸形现象。综上可知,本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9技术成功构建了斑马鱼prkd1基因敲除品系,为进一步研究该基因在人类心脏发育中的特异性功能提供了有益参考,并为后期的先天性心脏病筛查和精准医疗提供了重要依据。

金龟子绿僵菌fluG基因的敲除及对产孢的影响

丝状真菌的fluG基因参与调控分生孢子的生成,然而在昆虫病原真菌金龟子绿僵菌中fluG的作用鲜有研究报道。本研究利用DNA同源重组方法,构建敲除fluG的金龟子绿僵菌突变株,分析突变株的产孢特性。以苯菌灵抗性基因ben作为筛选标记,fluG基因侧翼序列作为同源臂,构建了打靶载体pDHt/sk-fluG-Ben。利用PEG介导将打靶载体转化金龟子绿僵菌的原生质体,获得了苯菌灵抗性转化子。根据靶基因和标记基因检验,确定获得了敲除fluG的金龟子绿僵菌突变株。表型分析显示,fluG突变株继代培养5代仍保持苯菌灵抗性,菌落呈疏松毛絮状,生长相较野生型明显缓慢,不能或者仅能产生极少量分生孢子。说明fluG基因的敲除影响了菌株生长发育,并阻止了分生孢子形成,是金龟子绿僵菌产孢调节的重要基因。本研究为阐述金龟子绿僵菌产孢调控机制提供依据。

cphA基因特异性介导维氏气单胞菌碳青霉烯耐药的初步研究

目的探究cphA基因对维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)β-内酰胺耐药性的影响,解析基因功能。方法以维氏气单胞菌C4为研究对象,采用同源重组方法构建cphA基因敲除株;利用比浊法测定生长曲线,微量二倍稀释法检测不同β-内酰胺类抗生素对菌株的最小抑菌浓度,实时荧光定量PCR法测定cphA基因对抗生素的响应表达;并通过分子对接解析CphA酶与抗生素互作的重要活性位点。结果成功构建cphA基因敲除株,发现cphA基因缺失不影响维氏气单胞菌生长。虽然cphA基因在碳青霉烯类和青霉素类抗生素处理下均响应性表达增加,但cphA基因缺失仅特异性导致菌株对碳青霉烯类药物由耐受变为敏感,而对其他β-内酰胺类的药物敏感性表型并无影响。此外,分子对接结果表明,CphA酶的Thr135、His174、Asn201氨基酸残基是与亚胺培南分子形成氢键作用的位点。结论维氏气单胞菌中的cphA基因特异性介导碳青霉烯耐药。本研究为进一步完善维氏气单胞菌的耐药研究和β-内酰胺酶的功能研究提供了一定的理论基础。

利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建Quaking敲除的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞株

【目的】利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(NIH3T3)Quaking基因敲除细胞株,并检测Quaking基因对NIH3T3细胞增殖能力的影响。【方法】首先,利用在线网站设计两条靶向作用于Quaking外显子的sgRNA,成功构建了两个分别靶向Quaking基因第1、第2外显子的CRISPR/Cas9重组慢病毒质粒。将构建的Quaking基因CRISPR/Cas9重组慢病毒载体和pcDNA3.1-Quaking过表达质粒共转染至HEK293T细胞中,通过Western blot实验检测Quaking蛋白的敲除效率。其次,将筛选得到的敲除效率高的重组慢病毒质粒(LentiCRISPRv2-sgRNA1)与辅助包装质粒共转染入HEK293T细胞进行慢病毒包装,慢病毒转导NIH3T3细胞后,利用嘌呤霉素筛选阳性单克隆细胞株。最后,通过Western blot及免疫荧光染色鉴定敲除效果。【结果】发现Quaking蛋白在该细胞株中不表达,并测序证实了发生片段敲除。CCK8检测发现,Quaking基因敲除显著抑制了NIH3T3细胞的增殖能力。【结论】本研究首次通过CRISPR/Cas9技术成功构建了小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(NIH3T3)Quaking基因敲除细胞株,为后续研究Quaking基因在小鼠生理功能调节中的作用机制提供了体外模型基础。

停滞棒杆菌遗传改造工具和启动子文库构建

停滞棒杆菌是用于5′-肌苷酸生产的重要微生物底盘。为利用代谢工程技术来创建和优化高效细胞工厂,在停滞棒杆菌中构建遗传改造工具和启动子文库十分必要。本研究使用pCG1复制子构建了大肠杆菌-停滞棒杆菌穿梭载体,建立停滞棒杆菌外源DNA转化方法、基于自杀质粒同源重组的基因敲除方法,最终形成了停滞棒杆菌异源基因稳定表达系统;停滞棒杆菌游离质粒的电转化效率达到(2.3±0.3)×10^(3)cfu/μg;构建停滞棒杆菌的合成启动子文库,筛选得到24个强度差异达30倍的启动子元件,用于停滞棒杆菌中的基因精细表达调控。

CXCR2基因敲除HeLa细胞株构建及转录组测序分析

目的通过基因敲除和转录组测序探究CXCR2相关功能基因及信号通路,揭示其在宫颈癌中的分子作用。方法设计构建靶向CXCR2基因的CRISPR-Cas9敲除质粒载体,转染HeLa细胞并筛选获得CXCR2基因敲除的细胞株。转录组测序分析差异表达基因,并进行基因本体(GO)分类富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析筛选信号通路和重要差异表达基因,差异表达基因经实时荧光定量PCR方法验证。结果成功构建了CXCR2基因敲除细胞株,转录组测序获得1519个差异表达基因,其中上调表达基因428个,下调表达基因1091个。GO富集分析显示了细胞组分、生物学过程、分子功能方面富集量前20的条目;KEGG信号通路富集分析显示,富集基因最多的为肿瘤相关通路,其次为PI3K-Akt信号通路和HPV感染信号通路。通过韦恩图分析获得了7个共同差异表达基因:EGF、FN1、ITGA2B、CCND3、PIK3CD、PDGFRB、CDKN1A,其中前6个基因表达显著下调,CDKN1A表达显著上调。结论转录组测序分析结果进一步提示CXCR2在宫颈癌中发挥作用,并初步确定了与其相关的信号通路和关键功能基因,为宫颈癌的分子机制和临床研究提供了理论基础。

黑曲霉尿苷/尿嘧啶营养缺陷型转化系统的构建及应用

黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)是一种重要的工业发酵菌株,它具有强大的蛋白分泌表达能力。为了提高黑曲霉遗传操作效率及优化重组菌株的筛选策略,构建以尿苷/尿嘧啶营养缺陷型为筛选标记的转化系统。利用CRISPR/Cas9技术实现pyrG基因的敲除,在含有尿嘧啶核苷和5-氟乳清酸(5-FOA)的抗性培养基中筛选表型正确的转化子。经基因组PCR验证,黑曲霉营养缺陷型菌株可稳定遗传。利用该转化系统可成功实现增强型绿色荧光蛋白在黑曲霉中的表达。通过结合增强型绿色荧光蛋白和流式细胞仪建立了黑曲霉转化子的高通量筛选模型。