The Szent-Gyorgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research is a prestigious scientific award established by the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)—a leading cancer research charitable organization in the Unit...The Szent-Gyorgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research is a prestigious scientific award established by the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)—a leading cancer research charitable organization in the United States that is committed to supporting scientific research and public education relating to the prevention,early diagnosis,better treatments,and ultimately,a cure for cancer.Each year,the Szent-Gyorgyi Prize honors an outstanding researcher,nominated by colleagues or peers,who has contributed outstanding,significant research to the fight against cancer,and whose accomplishments have helped improve treatment options for cancer patients.The Prize also promotes public awareness of the importance of basic cancer research and encourages the sustained investment needed to accelerate the translation of these research discoveries into new cancer treatments.This report highlights the pioneering work led by the 2015 Prize winner,Dr.Frederick Alt.Dr.Alt's work in the area of cancer genetics over four decades has helped to shape the very roots of modern cancer research.His work continues to profoundly impact the approaches that doctors around the globe use to diagnose and treat cancer.In particular,his seminal discoveries of gene amplification and his pioneering work on molecular mechanisms of DNA damage repair have helped to usher in the era of genetically targeted therapy and personalized medicine.展开更多
近年来,土壤环境中抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)污染引起广泛关注。以Web of Science核心数据库和万方数据库文献资料为数据源进行文献计量学分析,从年发文量变化、不同国家贡献及研究主题演变(基于关键词)等方面对土壤环境中ARGs污染相关研究...近年来,土壤环境中抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)污染引起广泛关注。以Web of Science核心数据库和万方数据库文献资料为数据源进行文献计量学分析,从年发文量变化、不同国家贡献及研究主题演变(基于关键词)等方面对土壤环境中ARGs污染相关研究进行剖析,以此探讨国内外该领域的研究现状、热点和发展。结果表明,土壤中ARGs污染相关研究的发文数量快速增长。我国文献在发文数量、论文被引频次方面具有重要影响,表明我国在该领域有较强的国际学术影响力。关键词聚类分析表明该领域的研究方向主要集中在以下5个方面:(1)土壤中携带ARGs的微生物及其环境行为;(2)土壤环境中ARGs的来源和持久性;(3)土壤环境中ARGs的传播和消减方法;(4)土壤中共存物质对ARGs丰度和迁移行为的影响;(5)农业生产活动对土壤环境中ARGs污染的影响。同时,在介绍ARGs常用检测方法以及土壤环境中ARGs污染来源和分布的基础上,剖析影响ARGs在土壤中传播的多种因素,探讨土壤环境中ARGs的消减方法,并指出当前研究尚存的不足之处以及今后的研究方向。该文可为未来土壤环境中ARGs污染领域的研究和风险管控提供参考。展开更多
文摘The Szent-Gyorgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research is a prestigious scientific award established by the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)—a leading cancer research charitable organization in the United States that is committed to supporting scientific research and public education relating to the prevention,early diagnosis,better treatments,and ultimately,a cure for cancer.Each year,the Szent-Gyorgyi Prize honors an outstanding researcher,nominated by colleagues or peers,who has contributed outstanding,significant research to the fight against cancer,and whose accomplishments have helped improve treatment options for cancer patients.The Prize also promotes public awareness of the importance of basic cancer research and encourages the sustained investment needed to accelerate the translation of these research discoveries into new cancer treatments.This report highlights the pioneering work led by the 2015 Prize winner,Dr.Frederick Alt.Dr.Alt's work in the area of cancer genetics over four decades has helped to shape the very roots of modern cancer research.His work continues to profoundly impact the approaches that doctors around the globe use to diagnose and treat cancer.In particular,his seminal discoveries of gene amplification and his pioneering work on molecular mechanisms of DNA damage repair have helped to usher in the era of genetically targeted therapy and personalized medicine.
文摘抗生素抗性基因(Antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)的产生和传播对全球公共健康产生巨大威胁。土壤作为ARGs的重要储存库和介质,已引起众多学者广泛关注。为全面了解土壤ARGs相关领域的研究进展及热点,本研究利用可视化软件VOSviewer和CiteSpace,基于Web of Science数据库,对2013—2022年发表的土壤ARGs领域相关文献进行计量学分析。结果表明,土壤ARGs相关研究的发文数量和被引频次逐年上升。我国在土壤ARGs领域的发文量最高,占总发文量的61.40%,且与澳大利亚、美国等27个国家合作紧密。四环素和磺胺嘧啶为该领域重点关注的抗生素类型;大肠杆菌作为模式菌一直是土壤ARGs领域备受关注的微生物类型。不同时期土壤ARGs研究热点存在明显差异:初期关注的重点方向为ARGs的认识和定量,随后引起较多关注的是ARGs源解析及其与微生物的内在联系,而对ARGs传播扩散和归趋相关研究已成为现今科学家关注和研究的热点。
文摘近年来,土壤环境中抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)污染引起广泛关注。以Web of Science核心数据库和万方数据库文献资料为数据源进行文献计量学分析,从年发文量变化、不同国家贡献及研究主题演变(基于关键词)等方面对土壤环境中ARGs污染相关研究进行剖析,以此探讨国内外该领域的研究现状、热点和发展。结果表明,土壤中ARGs污染相关研究的发文数量快速增长。我国文献在发文数量、论文被引频次方面具有重要影响,表明我国在该领域有较强的国际学术影响力。关键词聚类分析表明该领域的研究方向主要集中在以下5个方面:(1)土壤中携带ARGs的微生物及其环境行为;(2)土壤环境中ARGs的来源和持久性;(3)土壤环境中ARGs的传播和消减方法;(4)土壤中共存物质对ARGs丰度和迁移行为的影响;(5)农业生产活动对土壤环境中ARGs污染的影响。同时,在介绍ARGs常用检测方法以及土壤环境中ARGs污染来源和分布的基础上,剖析影响ARGs在土壤中传播的多种因素,探讨土壤环境中ARGs的消减方法,并指出当前研究尚存的不足之处以及今后的研究方向。该文可为未来土壤环境中ARGs污染领域的研究和风险管控提供参考。
