The Construction of General Principles about the Exemplification in the Electronic Learner's Dictionary

Dictionary has many functions, in which the function of definition is of very importance because the main purpose of dictionary is providing the entry's meaning information for the readers so that the readers can understand and use the entry-word and the realization of the purpose completely depends on lexicographical definition. However, the function of definition is limited, which need the exemplification to assist it. Therefore, the exemplification becomes very important, too. Good exemplification can assist definition, provide grammatical information, and supplement the information usage and so on. Many researches studied the exemplification of dictionary, its principles and so on. Dictionary changed much with the development of technology and many kinds of electronic dictionaries appeared. Few studies are involved with the new-type dictionary. Based on the general principles of the exemplification in a learner's printed dictionary, it is necessary to construct the general principles about the exemplification in the electronic learner's dictionary.

Addition to the Article with Stepan Moskaliuk on the Inter Relationship of General Relativity and (Quantum) Geometrodynamics, via Use of Metric Uncertainty Principle

We take note of the material offered in [1] as to Geometrodynamics as a way to quantify an inter relationship between a quantum style Heisenberg uncertainty principle for a metric tensor and conditions postulated as to a barotropic fluid, i.e. dust for early universe conditions. By looking at the onset of processes at/shorter than a Planck Length, in terms of initial expansion of the universe, we use inputs from the metric tensor as a starting point for the variables used in Geometrodynamics.

Thermodynamic effects of Bardeen black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter under general uncertainty principle

The thermodynamics of Bardeen black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter is investigated.We calculate the analytical expresses of corresponding thermodynamic variables,e.g.,the Hawking temperature,entropy of the black hole.In addition,we derive the heat capacity to analyze the thermal stability of the black hole.We also compute the rate of emission in terms of photons through tunneling.By numerical method,an obvious phase transition behavior is found.Furthermore,according to the general uncertainty principle,we study the quantum corrections to these thermodynamic quantities and obtain the quantum-corrected entropy containing the logarithmic term.Lastly,we investigate the effects of the magnetic charge g,the dark matter parameter k and the generalized uncertainty principle parameterαon the thermodynamics of Bardeen black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter under general uncertainty principle.

Four-function Principle for Optimization Design of Green High Performance Massive Concrete

A four-function principle was proposed for the optimization design of green high performance massive concrete（GHPMC）based on the theory of value engineering and the adiabatic temperature change control.A set of concrete formulas were designed according to the orthogonal experiment.The experimental results were analyzed by applying the variance analysis method to find out the effects of influential factors and determine the optimum mixture formula.In addition,the four-function principle was successfully applied to optimize the mixture formula in field massive concrete engineering.The practical results show the adiabatic temperature change of massive concrete could be efficiently controlled,and the excellent durability,good workability and high compressive strength could be achieved.

A Global Optimality Principle for Fully Coupled Mean-field Control Systems

This paper concerns a global optimality principle for fully coupled mean-field control systems.Both the first-order and the second-order variational equations are fully coupled mean-field linear FBSDEs. A new linear relation is introduced, with which we successfully decouple the fully coupled first-order variational equations. We give a new second-order expansion of Y^(ε) that can work well in mean-field framework. Based on this result, the stochastic maximum principle is proved. The comparison with the stochastic maximum principle for controlled mean-field stochastic differential equations is supplied.

Momentum as Translations at Conformal Infinity

Although General Relativity is the classic example of a physical theory based on differential geometry, the momentum tensor is the only part of the field equation that is not derived from or interpreted with differential geometry. This work extends General Relativity and Einstein-Cartan theory by augmenting the Poincaré group with projective (special) conformal transformations, which are translations at conformal infinity. Momentum becomes a part of the differential geometry of spacetime. The Lie algebra of these transformations is represented by vectorfields on an associated Minkowski fiber space. Variation of projective conformal scalar curvature generates a 2-index tensor that serves as linear momentum in the field equations of General Relativity. The computation yields a constructive realization of Mach’s principle: local inertia is determined by local motion relative to mass at conformal infinity in each fiber. The vectorfields have a cellular structure that is similar to that of turbulent fluids.

A Finite Volume Method Preserving Maximum Principle for the Conjugate Heat Transfer Problems with General Interface Conditions

In this paper,we present a unified finite volume method preserving discrete maximum principle(DMP)for the conjugate heat transfer problems with general interface conditions.We prove the existence of the numerical solution and the DMP-preserving property.Numerical experiments show that the nonlinear iteration numbers of the scheme in[24]increase rapidly when the interfacial coefficients decrease to zero.In contrast,the nonlinear iteration numbers of the unified scheme do not increase when the interfacial coefficients decrease to zero,which reveals that the unified scheme is more robust than the scheme in[24].The accuracy and DMP-preserving property of the scheme are also veri ed in the numerical experiments.

Scattering of a general partially coherent beam from a diffuse target in atmospheric turbulence

The second-order and fourth-order statistical moments of the speckle field from a diffuse target in atmospheric turbulence are studied which have great influence on the performance of lidar systems. By expanding a general rotationally symmetric beam as a sum of Gaussian-Schell model （GSM） beams, the mean intensity of the general beam propagating over a distance in an atmospheric turbulence is formulated. Expressions for the degree of coherence （DOC） and the normalized intensity variance of the scattered field of a general beam from a rough surface in turbulence are derived based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle. The general expressions reduce to the well-known forms for a GSM beam. Another example for the general beam used in this paper is the collimated flat-topped beam. The results of both kinds of beams show that the intensity profile on the target plane is a key factor affecting the statistical characteristics of the speckle field. A larger beam spot on the target plane induces a smaller coherence length and a smaller normalized intensity variance of the received field. As turbulence gets stronger, the coherence length becomes smaller, and the normalized intensity variance firstly increases and declines to unity finally.

EXISTENCE AND ALGORITHM OF SOLUTIONS FOR GENERAL MULTIVALUED MIXED IMPLICIT QUASI-VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES

A new class of general multivalued mixed implicit quasi-variational inequalities in a real Hilbert space was introduced, which includes the known class of generalized mixed implicit quasi-variational inequalities as a special case , introduced and studied by Ding Xie-ping . The auxiliary variational principle technique was applied to solve this class of general multivalued mixed implicit quasi-variational inequalities. Firstly, a new auxiliary variational inequality with a proper convex , lower semicontinuous , binary functional was defined and a suitable functional was chosen so that its unique minimum point is equivalent to the solution of such an auxiliary variational inequality . Secondly , this auxiliary variational inequality was utilized to construct a new iterative algorithm for computing approximate solutions to general multivalued mixed implicit quasi-variational inequalities . Here , the equivalence guarantees that the algorithm can generate a sequence of approximate solutions. Finally, the existence of solutions and convergence of approximate solutions for general multivalued mixed implicit quasi-variational inequalities are proved. Moreover, the new convergerce criteria for the algorithm were provided. Therefore, the results give an affirmative answer to the open question raised by M. A . Noor, and extend and improve the earlier and recent results for various variational inequalities and complementarity problems including the corresponding results for mixed variational inequalities, mixed quasi-variational inequalities and quasi-complementarity problems involving the single-valued and set- valued mappings in the recent literature .

Some New Systems of Exponentially General Equations

Some new systems of exponentially general equations are introduced and investigated, which can be used to study the odd-order, non-positive and nonsymmetric exponentially boundary value problems. Some important and interesting results such as Riesz-Frechet representation theorem, Lax-Milgram lemma and system of absolute values equations can be obtained as special cases. It is shown that the system of exponentially general equations is equivalent to nonlinear optimization problem. The auxiliary principle technique is used to prove the existence of a solution to the system of exponentially general equations. This technique is also used to suggest some new iterative methods for solving the system of the exponentially general equations. The convergence analysis of the proposed methods is analyzed. Ideas and techniques of this paper may stimulate further research.

Application Research of Sonar Detection Method in Melting Exploration at the Bottom of Piles

Karst landforms are widely distributed in China,and are most common in Yunnan,Guizhou and Guangxi.If the development of karst caves at the bottom of the piles cannot be accurately ascertained before the construction of bridge pile foundations,accidents such as hole collapse,slurry leakage,and drill sticking will easily occur.In this paper,the principle and method of sonar detection for detecting karst caves at the bottom of bridge piles was introduced,and the sonar detection data and the cave situation at the bottom of the pile during the construction process in combination with the case of Yunnan Zhenguo Highway Project was analyzed,which verifies the practicability and reliability of sonar detection method reliability.

General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China

In this issue we will introduce readers to the General Principles of the Civil Lave of the People’s Republic of China, which was adopted at the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People’s Congress, promulgated by order No.37 of the President of the People’s Republic of China on April 12, 1986, and effective as of January 1, 1987.This law was formulated according to the constitution and the actual situation in our country, drawing upon our practical experience in civil actirities,for the purpose of protecting the lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and legal persons and correctly adjusting civil relations,so as to meet the needs of the developing socialist modernizationThe Civil Law of the People’s Republie of China has 156 articles and 9 chapters. The chapters are:1) Basic Principles;2) Citizen (Natural Person); 3) Legal Persons; 4) Civil Law and Agencies; 5)Civil Rights; 6) Civil Liability; 7) Limitations of Action; 8) Application of Law in Civil Relations with Foreigners; and 9)

General principles of developing novel radioprotective agents for nuclear emergency

With the rapid application of nuclear energy and radiological technology in national economy and military field,the risk of nuclear accidents increases as well.Exposure to irradiation causes severe damages to the human body,and radioprotective agents are required for medical protection.To find the safe and effective radioprotective agents is the key for nuclear emergency.Recently,Toll like receptors(TLRs)and PHD-HIF oxygen sensing signal pathway have been extensively studied for radioprotection.Great progress has been made in this field and a number of radioprotective agents have been found.In this review,we have summarized recent findings of radioprotective roles of TLRs signaling pathway and PHD-HIF signaling pathway and discussed the general principles of developing novel radioprotective agents.These findings will provide opportunities for developing new strategies to prevent IR-induced injuries in public health events.

ILL-POSEDNESS OF MODIFIED KAWAHARA EQUATION AND KAUP-KUPERSHMIDT EQUATION

In this article, we consider the Cauchy problems for the modified Kawahara equationδtu＋μδx（u3）＋αδx5u＋βδx3u＋γδxu=0 and the Kaup-Kupershmidt equation δtu＋μuδx2u＋αδx5u＋βδx3u＋βδx3u＋γδxu=0Using the general well-posedness principle introduced by I. Bejenaru and T. Tao, we prove 1 that the modified Kawahara equation is ill-posed for the initial data in H8 （It） with s 〈 - and that the Kaup-Kupershmidt equation is ill-posed for the initial data in HS（It） with s〈0.

ACCURATE VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS FOR MEASUREMENT OF COMPLEX DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF THE SAMPLE ROD INSERTED IN A CAVITY

This paper derives the Lindell formula based on the generalized variational principle.For the complex dielectric constant measurement of a small lossy dielectric rod with Rayleigh-Ritz method, an accurate variational analysis is given. The concept of complex frequency isintroduced in general, and the stability of the solution is discussed. Comparing with the resultof perturbation method, it is concluded that the deviation of perturbation algorithm should betaken into consideration.

A New Version of Unified Field Theory—Stochastic Quantum Space Theory on Particle Physics and Cosmology

Stochastic Quantum Space (SQS) theory is a new version of unified field theory based on three fundamental postulations: Gaussian Probability Postulation, Prime Numbers Postulation, Vacuon Postulation. It build a framework with theoretical results agree with many experimental data well. For more information, please refer to the PDF.

Encoding Energy-Density as Geometry

Physicists possess an intuitive awareness of Euclidian space and time and Galilean transformation, and are then challenged with Minkowski space-time and Einstein’s curved space-time. Relativistic experiments support the “time-dilation” interpretation and others support “curved space-time” interpretation. In this, and related work, we investigate the key issues in terms of the intuitive space-time frame. In particular, we provide alternative approaches to explain “time dilation” and to explain the energy density for gravity systems. We approach the latter problem from an information perspective.

Certain Results for the 2-Variable Peters Mixed Type and Related Polynomials

In this article, the 2-variable general polynomials are taken as base with Peters polynomials to introduce a family of 2-variable Peters mixed type polynomials.These polynomials are framed within the context of monomiality principle and their properties are established. Certain summation formulae for these polynomials are also derived. Examples of some members belonging to this family are considered and numbers related to some mixed special polynomials are also explored.

Rice(Oryza sativa L.)Breeding among Hassawi Landrace and Egyptian Genotypes for Stem Borer(Chilo agamemnon Bles.)Resistance and Related Quantitative Traits

Rice stem borer(Chilo agamemnon Bles.)is a primary insect pest of rice and is a major limiting factor to rice production.Breeding for insect-resistant crop varieties has been an economic way of integrated pest management(IPM)as it offers a viable and ecologically acceptable approach.This study was aimed to evaluate rice genotypes for their resistance against rice stem borer.Seven parental genotypes with twenty one F1 crosses were evaluated for genotypic variation in field experiments.Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for the studied traits in almost all crosses and parents.In addition,the mean squares of parents versus their crosses were signifi-cant for stem borer resistance and other associated traits.Moreover,both general combining ability(GCA)and specific combining ability(SCA)variances were highly significant for all characters studied in the F1 generation.Based on GCA,4 genotypes(Sakha101,Gz6903-3-4-2-1,Gz9577-4-1-1 and Hassawi)exhibited highly significant negative values for stem borer resistance(–0.53,–1.06,–0.18 and–0.49,respectively)indicating they are the best combiners for stem borer resistance.Based on SCA analysis,nine cross combinations showed highly significant negative effects for stem borer resistance.Similarly,the cross Giza178
Hassawi was the best combination with significantly highest value for early maturity.In addition,seven crosses showed highly significant negative SCA for plant height trait.On the other hand,for panicle length,number of primary branches/panicle,panicle weight and 1000-grain weight,seven,four,eight and six crosses showed highly significant positive SCA,respectively.The result further revealed that the non-additive dominance genetic variance was higher than the additive variance for all evaluated traits indicating that non-additive genetic variances have a role in their inheritance.The broad-sense heritability estimates were high for all the studied traits.The stem borer resistance was significantly correlated with panicle weight and 1000-grain weight,which also showed a highly significant correlation with grain yield/plant.Thus these traits can be effectively employed in a breeding program to confer resistance against stem borer infestation in rice.It was further supported by biplot analysis,which clustered these potentially important traits into two quadrants showing their importance in any future breeding program to control stem borer infestation.This study has contributed valuable information for evaluation of genetic diversity in the local rice germplasm and its utilization in futuristic rice genetic improvement programs.