Toward an Ecological Civilization:China’s Progress as Documented by the Second National General Survey of Pollution Sources

The relationship between environmental quality and economic growth has been a hot topic for decades.After years of rapid industrialization and urbanization,China’s environmental challenges are approaching a turning point.Following the principles of ecological civilization construction,China is on its way to maintaining high-quality and green economic development.On 10 June 2020,the Chinese Government reported the key findings of the Second National General Survey of Pollution Sources(fiscal year 2017),which provides strong quantitative evidence of progress toward ecological civilization.In terms of our comparison between the two National General Surveys in 2007 and 2017,it was found that environmental pollution,measured in terms of many wastewater and air emission pollutant discharges,is decreasing despite the steady growth in economic activities—and at a noticeably fast pace.Other national and local governments can adopt some of China’s ecological civilization practices,within their own individual contexts.

TEDA(Tianjin Economic-technological Development Area)——A General Survey, Experience and the Plan for Future Development.

Since its establishment about ten years ago, TEDA has taken advantage of eachopportune time created by China’s policy of opening wider and wider to the outsideworld and the rapid economic growth to deepen its reform and extend its exploitation,and thus has maintained a favorable momentum and an extraordinary high speed foreconomic development. With the total economic output of the whole area raised to

Health Related Quality of Life and Mental Health in ICU Survivors: Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Follow-Up and Correlations between the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28)

We investigated the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and psychological distress in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors 12 months after ICU discharge. The purpose of this study, conducted and completed before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, was to find correlations among psychiatric symptoms detected by a screening tool as the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and the different domains of HRQOL measured with the SF-36 health survey (SF-36), in order to identify ICU survivors with Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) who need a specific psychiatric intervention to improve their HRQOL. Among 298 ICU survivors who stayed in the ICU for at least 72 hours, 48 patients were enrolled one year after discharge undergoing a clinical interview to assess their functional impairment (Barthel index), mental health (GHQ-28), and health-related quality of life (SF-36). 19% of those subjects had a GHQ-28 ≥ 5 and were identified as “psychiatric cases”, and they were older and experienced a greater impairment in HRQOL. Anxiety, insomnia, and depressive symptoms seemed to be particularly involved in the impairment of HRQOL. A negative correlation between GHQ-28 total scores and subscales and SF-36 subscales was found. Our findings highlighted that psychological distress in ICU survivors may negatively impact physical health recovery and quality of life;conversely, physical impairment and functional disability may trigger the onset of psychiatric symptoms after discharge. The present study is firstly to investigate the correlations between HRQOL and psychological distress in ICU survivors through the GHQ-28, and then affirms the need to carry out follow-up checks for psychiatric symptoms in ICU survivors.

The FAST Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot Survey.II.Discovery of 76 Galactic Rotating Radio Transients and the Enigma of RRATs

We have carried out the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)survey by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),the most sensitive systematic pulsar survey in the Galactic plane.In addition to more than 500 pulsars already discovered through normal periodical search,we report here the discovery of 76 new transient radio sources with sporadic strong pulses,detected by using the newly developed module for a sensitive single-pulse search.Their small DM values suggest that they all are Galactic rotating radio transients(RRATs).They show different properties in the follow-up observations.More radio pulses have been detected from 26 transient radio sources but no periods can be found due to a limited small number of pulses from all FAST observations.The followup observations show that 16 transient sources are newly identified as being the prototypes of RRATs with a period already determined from more detected sporadic pulses,and 10 sources are extremely nulling pulsars,and 24 sources are weak pulsars with sparse strong pulses.On the other hand,48 previously known RRATs have been detected by the FAST,either during verification observations for the GPPS survey or through targeted observations of applied normal FAST projects.Except for one RRAT with four pulses detected in a session of 5-minute observation and four RRATs with only one pulse detected in a session,sensitive FAST observations reveal that 43 RRATs are just generally weak pulsars with sporadic strong pulses or simply very nulling pulsars,so that the previously known RRATs always have an extreme emission state together with a normal hardly detectable weak emission state.This is echoed by the two normal pulsars J1938+2213 and J1946+1449 with occasional brightening pulses.Though strong pulses of RRATs are very outstanding in the energy distribution,their polarization angle variations follow the polarization angle curve of the averaged normal pulse profile,suggesting that the predominant sparse pulses of RRATs are emitted in the same region with the same geometry as normal weak pulsars.

A Survey Report about the General Situation of the Students in Adult Higher Medical Education

This survey was implemented, so that the general situation of the students in adult higher medical education is more accurately and comprehensively known, and also adult education and teaching work can be developed in a targeted way. 193 students attending adult education junior college participated in this survey, and the surveyed details included the general situation of student sources, the ideological trends, and the degree of the cognition on the majors, the degree of the recognition on teaching, the employment concept, and the problems in the current jobs. By a statistical analysis, a foundation is further laid for the effective work of adult higher medical education.

Preface: The LAMOST Galactic surveys and early results

By the time of this writing, the ongoing LAMOST Galactic surveys have collected approximately 4.5 million stellar spectra with signal-to-noise ratios better than 10 per pixel. This special issue is devoted to early results from the surveys, mostly based on the LAMOST Data Release 1 （DR1; Luo et al., this volume） that contains data secured by May 2013, the end of the first year of regular surveys, al- though a few studies have made use of data collected in the second year of regular surveys. LAMOST DR1 was released to the Chinese astronomical community and international partners in August 2013 and made public to the whole world in March 2015. Here we briefly review the scope and motivation, data reduction and release, as well as early results of the surveys. As the project advances, one can expect that these surveys will yield an exquisite description of the distribution, kinematics and chemistry of Galactic stellar populations, especially those within a few kpc of the Sun, a robust measurement of the local dark matter density, and, consequently, shed light on how our Galaxy, and other galaxies in general, form and evolve.

A GPU based single-pulse search pipeline(GSP)with database and its application to the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey(CRAFTS)

We developed a GPU based single-pulse search pipeline(GSP)with a candidate-archiving database.Largely based upon the infrastructure of the open source PulsaR Exploration and Search Toolkit(PRESTO),GSP implements GPU acceleration of the de-dispersion and integrates a candidate-archiving database.We applied GSP to the data streams from the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey(CRAFTS),which resulted in quasi-real-time processing.The integrated candidate database facilitates synergistic usage of multiple machine-learning tools and thus improves efficient identification of radio pulsars such as rotating radio transients(RRATs)and fast radio bursts(FRBs).We first tested GSP on pilot CRAFTS observations with the FAST Ultra-Wide Band(UWB)receiver.GSP detected all pulsars known from the the Parkes multibeam pulsar survey in the corresponding sky area covered by the FAST-UWB.GSP also discovered 13 new pulsars.We measured the computational efficiency of GSP to be~120 times faster than the original PRESTO and~60 times faster than an MPI-parallelized version of PRESTO.

The Data Processing of the LAMOST Medium-resolution Spectral Survey of Galactic Nebulae(LAMOST MRS-N Pipeline)

The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope(LAMOST) medium-resolution spectral survey of Galactic Nebulae(MRS-N) has conducted for more than three years since 2018 September and observed more than190 thousand nebular spectra and 20 thousand stellar spectra.However,there is not yet a data processing pipeline for nebular spectra.To significantly improve the accuracy of nebulae classification and their physical parameters,we developed the MRS-N Pipeline.This article presented in detail each data processing step of the MRS-N Pipeline,such as removing cosmic rays,merging single exposure,fitting sky light emission lines,wavelength recalibration,subtracting skylight,measuring nebular parameters,creating catalogs and packing spectra.Finally,a description of the data products,including nebular spectra files and parameter catalogs,is provided.

Color-Redshift Relations and Photometric Redshift Estimations of Quasars in Large Sky Surveys

With a recently constructed composite quasar spectrum and the χ2 minimization technique, we describe a general method for estimating the photometric redshifts of a large sample of quasars by deriving theoretical color-redshift relations and comparing the theoretical colors with the observed ones. We estimated the photometric redshifts from the 5-band SDSS photometric data of 18678 quasars in the first major data release of SDSS and compared them with their spectroscopic redshifts. The difference is less than 0.1 for 47 % of the quasars and less than 0.2 for 68 %. Based on the calculation of the theoretical color-color diagrams of stars, galaxies and quasars both on the SDSS system and on the BATC system, we expect that we would be able to select candidates of high redshift quasars more efficaciously with the latter than with the former, provided the BATC survey can detect objects with magnitudes fainter than 21.

Identifications of RR Lyrae Stars and Quasars from the Simulated Data of Mephisto-W Survey

We have investigated the feasibilities and accuracies of the identifications of RR Lyrae stars and quasars from the simulated data of the Multi-channel Photometric Survey Telescope(Mephisto)W Survey.Based on the variable sources light curve libraries from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS)Stripe 82 data and the observation history simulation from the Mephisto-W Survey Scheduler,we have simulated the uvgriz multi-band light curves of RR Lyrae stars,quasars and other variable sources for the first year observation of Mephisto W Survey.We have applied the ensemble machine learning algorithm Random Forest Classifier(RFC)to identify RR Lyrae stars and quasars,respectively.We build training and test samples and extract~150 features from the simulated light curves and train two RFCs respectively for the RR Lyrae star and quasar classification.We find that,our RFCs are able to select the RR Lyrae stars and quasars with remarkably high precision and completeness,with purity=95.4%and completeness=96.9%for the RR Lyrae RFC and purity=91.4%and completeness=90.2%for the quasar RFC.We have also derived relative importances of the extracted features utilized to classify RR Lyrae stars and quasars.

LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectral Survey of Galactic Nebulae(LAMOST MRS-N):An overview of scientific goals and survey plan

Since Sep.2018,LAMOST has started the medium-resolution(R~7500)spectral survey(MRS).We proposed the spectral survey of Galactic nebulae,including HⅡregions,HH objects,supernova remnants,planetary nebulae and the special stars with MRS(LAMOST MRS-N).LAMOST MRS-N covers about 1700 square degrees of the northern Galactic plane within 40°<l<215°and-5°<b<5°.In this 5-year survey,we plan to observe about 500 thousand nebulae spectra.According to the commissioning observations,the nebulae spectra can provide precise radial velocity with uncertainty less than 1 km s^(-1).These high-precision spectral data are of great significance to our understanding of star formation and evolution.

Why Krogdahl’s Flat Space-Time Cosmology Is Superior to General Relativity

This paper briefly discusses existing problems with the theory of general relativity despite remarkable accuracy in most of its applications. The primary focus is on existing problems in the field of cosmology, particularly those pertaining to expectations of global cosmic space-time curvature in the absence of observational proof. The discussion centers on Krogdahl’s recent Lorentz-invariant flat space-time cosmology and its superiority to general relativity with respect to accounting for global cosmic space-time flatness and dark energy observations. The “cosmological constant problem” is briefly addressed as a problem for general relativity with respect to particle physics and quantum field theory. Finally, two very specific validation predictions in favor of Krogdahl’s flat space-time cosmology are made with respect to ongoing studies, including the dark energy survey (DES).

Sharp Chandra View of ROSAT All-Sky Survey Bright Sources I. Improvement of Positional Accuracy

The ROSAT All-Sky Survey （RASS） represents one of the most complete and sensitive soft X- ray all-sky surveys to date. However, the deficient positional accuracy of the RASS Bright Source Catalog （BSC） and subsequent lack of firm optical identifications affect multi-wavelength studies of X-ray sources. The widely used positional errors σpos based on the Tycho Reference Catalog （Tycho-1） have previously been applied for identifying objects in the optical band. The considerably sharper Chandra view covers a fraction of RASS sources, whose ~rpos could be improved by utilizing the sub-arcsec positional accuracy of Chandra observations. We cross-match X-ray objects between the BSC and Chandra sources extracted from the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer （ACIS） archival observations. A combined list of counter- parts （BSCxACIS） with Chandra spatial positions weighted by the X-ray flux of multiple counterparts is employed to evaluate and improve the former identifications of BSC when used with other surveys. Based on these identification evaluations, we suggest that the point-source likeness of BSC sources and INS （iso- lated neutron star） candidates should be carefully reconsidered.

Investigation for the transcultural self-efficacy of nurses in Guizhou,China

Aim:As conflict caused by cultural diversity among patients in China continues to rise,hospitals are in urgent need for improvement of transcultural efficacy among nurses.This study aims to evaluate the transcultural self-efficacy of nurses working in the tertiary general hospital in Guizhou Province,an ethnic minority region in western China,and to identify whether nurses'demographic characteristics affect their transcultural self-efficacy.Method:We used the Chinese version of the Transcultural Self-Efficacy Tool(TSET-CV)to survey 1,190 inservice nurses.Results:Results showed that the level of transcultural self-efficacy of the nurses was generally moderate;few of the nurses had high or low transcultural self-efficacy.The nurses'transcultural self-efficacy was affected by demographic variables,including age,marital status,employment type,income,work experience,and whether or not they were head nurses.Having a stable work environment,a stable marriage,a good educational background,and a high-ranked professional title were associated with increased transcultural self-efficacy.Conclusion:Nursing administrators in hospitals should offer continuing education on transcuitural nursing according to nurses'demographic characteristics and the SEST scores.

The timing residual patterns due to pulsar acceleration

The form of timing residuals due to errors in pulsar spin period P and its derivative P, in positions, as well as in proper motions, has been well presented for decades in the literature. However,the residual patterns due to errors in the pulsar acceleration have not been reported previously, while a pulsar in the Galaxy or a globular cluster(GC) will be unavoidably accelerated. The coupling effect of the pulsar transverse acceleration and the R¨omer delay on timing residuals is simulated in this work. The results demonstrate that the residuals due to the effect can be identified by the oscillation envelopes of the residuals. It is also shown that the amplitude of the residuals due to the effect is usually relatively small,however, it may probably be observable for pulsars distributed in the vicinity of the core of a nearby GC.

The first data release of LAMOST low-resolution single-epoch spectra

LAMOST Data Release 5,covering 17000 deg^(2) from-10°to 80°in declination,contains 9 million co-added low-resolution spectra of celestial objects,each spectrum combined from repeat exposure of two to tens of times during Oct 2011 to Jun 2017.In this paper,we present the spectra of individual exposures for all the objects in LAMOST Data Release 5.For each spectrum,the equivalent width of 60lines from 11 different elements are calculated with a new method combining the actual line core and fitted line wings.For stars earlier than F type,the Balmer lines are fitted with both emission and absorption profiles once two components are detected.Radial velocity of each individual exposure is measured by minimizing χ^(2) between the spectrum and its best template.The database for equivalent widths of spectral lines and radial velocities of individual spectra are available online.Radial velocity uncertainties with different stellar type and signal-to-noise ratio are quantified by comparing different exposure of the same objects.We notice that the radial velocity uncertainty depends on the time lag between observations.For stars observed in the same day and with signal-to-noise ratio higher than 20,the radial velocity uncertainty is below 5 km s^(-1),and increases to 10 km s^(-1) for stars observed in different nights.

Stellar loci IV.red giant stars

In the fourth paper of this series,we present the metallicity-dependent Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS)stellar color loci of red giant stars,using a spectroscopic sample of red giants in the SDSS Stripe82 region.The stars span a range of 0.55-1.2 mag in color g-i,-0.3--2.5 in metallicity[Fe/H],and have values of surface gravity log g smaller than 3.5 dex.As in the case of main-sequence(MS)stars,the intrinsic widths of loci of red giants are also found to be quite narrow,a few mmag at maximum.There are however systematic differences between the metallicity-dependent stellar loci of red giants and MS stars.The colors of red giants are less sensitive to metallicity than those of MS stars.With good photometry,photometric metallicities of red giants can be reliably determined by fitting the u-g,g-r,r-i,and i-z colors simultaneously to an accuracy of 0.2-0.25 dex,comparable to the precision achievable with low-resolution spectroscopy for a signal-to-noise ratio of 10.By comparing fitting results to the stellar loci of red giants and MS stars,we propose a new technique to discriminate between red giants and MS stars based on the SDSS photometry.The technique achieves completeness of~70 per cent and efficiency of~80 per cent in selecting metal-poor red giant stars of[Fe/H]≤-1.2.It thus provides an important tool to probe the structure and assemblage history of the Galactic halo using red giant stars.

The research objectives and observational possibilities for fast moving near-Earth asteroids

The paper describes observations of fast-moving near-Earth asteroids(NEAs) made with the small ground-based telescopes of National Time Service Center of Chinese Academy of Science(NTSC of CAS) and Research Institute "Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory"(RI MAO) by the rotating-drift-scan CCD(RDS CCD) technique. This technique is used to obtain the point images of both the studied objects and reference stars. The results of ongoing follow-up observations of NEAs are discussed. The residual differences(O-C) between the observed and calculated positions from JPL ephemeris were generally small for these asteroids. The standard deviations of these differences were typically ±(0.2′′-0.3′′) in both coordinates for objects with apparent velocity which substantially exceed FWHM for the given exposure time. The results of comparative statistics for such observations from the MPC database show that this is a good level of precision for NEAs. Moreover, the telescopes with the RDS CCD technique implemented can observe the NEAs that closely approach the Earth and with enough observations can improve the precision of determining their orbital elements and impact predictions.