Intergenerational conflict coordination is the fundamental requirement and core of sustainable development. In this paper, through the analysis of the future generations-oriented management mechanisms for intergenerat...Intergenerational conflict coordination is the fundamental requirement and core of sustainable development. In this paper, through the analysis of the future generations-oriented management mechanisms for intergenerational conflict, the idea of mechanisms and institution building for the coordination and management of intergenerational conflict is put forward. Furthermore, the future generations-oriented virtual negotiation support system (NSS) for intergenerational conflict is developed, built on the analysis of the process simulation of intergenerational wealth transfer, intergenerational equilibrium allocation of resources, and strategies for the mitigation and avoidance of intergenerational conflict, through the application of advanced IT technology. The virtual NSS for intergenerational conflict is helpful to the practical application of the sustainable development theory; on the other hand, it can be applied directly to the intergenerational equilibrium allocation of resources, national economic accounting, formulation of sustainable development strategies and other urgent national economic and social development issues. Finally, the sustainable development theory can be enriched and extended. Therefore, the development of the future generations-oriented virtual NSS for intergenerational conflict has certain theoretical and practical effects on the theory of sustainable development.展开更多
Due to concomitant changes in pro-and anti-coagulant mechanisms,patients with liver dysfunction have a“rebalanced hemostasis”,which can easily be tipped toward either a hypo-or a hypercoagulable phenotype.Clinicians...Due to concomitant changes in pro-and anti-coagulant mechanisms,patients with liver dysfunction have a“rebalanced hemostasis”,which can easily be tipped toward either a hypo-or a hypercoagulable phenotype.Clinicians are often faced with the question whether patients with chronic liver disease undergoing invasive procedures or surgery and those having active bleeding require correction of the hemostasis abnormalities.Conventional coagulation screening tests,such as the prothrombin time/international normalized ratio and the activated partial thromboplastin time have been demonstrated to have numerous limitations in these patients and do not predict the risk of bleeding prior to high-risk procedures.The introduction of global coagulation assays,such as viscoelastic testing(VET),has been an important step forward in the assessment of the overall hemostasis profile.A growing body of evidence now suggests that the use of VET might be of significant clinical utility to prevent unnecessary infusion of blood products and to improve outcomes in numerous settings.The present review discusses the advantages and caveats of both conventional and global coagulation assays to assess the risk of bleeding in patients with chronic liver disease as well as the current role of transfusion and hemostatic agents to prevent or manage bleeding.展开更多
The impact of power fluctuation caused by renewable sources is highly negative. This article discusses the idea of an energy capacitor system (ECS) which regulates the power balance in a distribution system based on M...The impact of power fluctuation caused by renewable sources is highly negative. This article discusses the idea of an energy capacitor system (ECS) which regulates the power balance in a distribution system based on Multi-Agent System (MAS). Energy Capacitor system as a storage device plays the main role to control the system’s power quality by absorbing the fluctuations. Load Following Operation (LFO) process and coordination control scheme between the ECS and diesel generator have been introduced. Results show the efficient utilization of the ECS based on a special index defined in this paper to evaluate the power fluctuations in the distribution system. The results also show the useful implementation of the control scheme by revealing the capability of keeping the ECS stored energy in the specified range.展开更多
Microgrid systems are built to integrate a generation mix of solar and wind renewable energy resources that are generally intermittent in nature. This paper presents a novel decentralized multi-agent system to securel...Microgrid systems are built to integrate a generation mix of solar and wind renewable energy resources that are generally intermittent in nature. This paper presents a novel decentralized multi-agent system to securely operate microgrids in real-time while maintaining generation</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> load balance. Agents provide a normal operation in a grid-connected mode and a contingency operation in an islanded mode for fault handling. Fault handling is especially critical in microgrid operation to simulate possible contingencies and microgrid outages in a real-world scenario. A robust agent design has been implemented using MATLAB</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Simulink and Java Agent Development Framework technologies to simulate microgrids with load management and distributed generators control. The microgrid of the German Jordanian University has been used for simulation for Summer and Winter photovoltaic generation and load profiles. The results show agent capabilities to operate microgrid in real-time and its ability to coordinate and adjust generation and load. In a simulated fault incident, agents coordinate and adjust to a normal operation in 0.012 seconds, a negligible time for microgrid restoration. This clearly shows that the multi-agent system is a viable solution to operate MG in real-time.展开更多
The penetration of distributed generation (DG) in distribution power system would affect the traditional fault current level and characteristics. Consequently, the traditional protection arrangements developed in dist...The penetration of distributed generation (DG) in distribution power system would affect the traditional fault current level and characteristics. Consequently, the traditional protection arrangements developed in distribution utilities are difficult in coordination. Also, the reclosing scheme would be affected. With the rapid developments in distribution system automation and communication technology, the protection coordination and reclosing scheme based on information exchange for distribution power system can be realized flexibly. This paper proposes a multi-agent based scheme for fault diagnosis in power distribution networks with distributed generators. The relay agents are located such that the distribution network is divided into several sections. The relay agents measure the bus currents at which they are located such that it can detect and classify the fault, and determine the fault location. The proposed technique uses the entropy of wavelet coefficients of the measured bus currents. The performance of the proposed protection scheme is tested through simulation of two systems. The first system is a benchmark medium voltage (MV) distribution system and the second system is practical 66 kV system of the city of Alexandria.展开更多
Multi-protection is a principle in security management, and the use of anti-explosion and fireproof agents is a crucial part of it. In this paper, the properties of nano-oxide particles in the field of anti-explosion ...Multi-protection is a principle in security management, and the use of anti-explosion and fireproof agents is a crucial part of it. In this paper, the properties of nano-oxide particles in the field of anti-explosion and fireproof were analyzed. The sedimentation velocity of nanometer particles was calculated. CH4 was taken as an example, and its combustion mechanism of the initial stages was concluded. The effects of 15 oxides on molecular energies of the reaction system were calculated with program Hyperchem 6, and the possible contact manner between radi- cals and oxides was got. It was concluded that oxides, such as ZrO2, could combine with radicals, and thus prevent the combustion reaction. It was found that the nano-ZrO2 eruptively generated aerosol is superior to other counterparts in serving as the anti-explosion and fireproof agent, and therefore, will play an increasingly important role in the security management.展开更多
Cryogenic insulation material rigid polyurethane(PU)foams were developed using bio-based and recycled feedstock.Polyols obtained from tall oil fatty acids produced as a side stream of wood biomass pulping and recycled...Cryogenic insulation material rigid polyurethane(PU)foams were developed using bio-based and recycled feedstock.Polyols obtained from tall oil fatty acids produced as a side stream of wood biomass pulping and recycled polyethylene terephthalate were used to develop rigid PU foam formulations.The 4th generation physical blowing agents with low global warming potential and low ozone depletion potential were used to develop rigid PU foam cryogenic insulation with excellent mechanical and thermal properties.Obtained rigid PU foams had a thermal conductivity coefficient as low as 0.0171 W/m·K and an apparent density of 37-40 kg/m^(3).The developed rigid PU foams had anisotropic compression strength properties,which were higher parallel to the foaming direction.Moreover,the compression strength was also influenced by the type of applied bio-based polyol.The bio-based polyols with higher OH group functionality delivered higher crosslinking density of polymer matrix;thus,the mechanical properties were also higher.The mechanical strength of the foams increased when materials were tested at liquid nitrogen temperature due to the stiffening of the polymer matrix.The thermal properties of the developed materials were determined using differential scanning calorimetry,dynamic mechanical analysis,and thermogravimetric analysis methods.Lastly,the developed rigid PU foams had good adhesion to the aluminium substrate before and after applying cyroshock and an excellent safety coefficient of 4-5.Rigid PU foams developed using Solstice LBA delivered adhesion strength of~0.5 MPa and may be considered for application as cryogenic insulation in the aerospace industry.展开更多
In 1979, the mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis, a challenging anddifficult scientific problem pending for a number of years, was explained by Dai Qianhuan. Themechanism named di-region theory predicted that a carci...In 1979, the mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis, a challenging anddifficult scientific problem pending for a number of years, was explained by Dai Qianhuan. Themechanism named di-region theory predicted that a carcinogen always metabolizes to form a specialbi-functional alky-lating agent. This agent induces cross-linkages between the complementary basepairs in DMA and switches on initial mutageneses in genomes including point and frameshiftmutations. This, in turn, induces further deep mutageneses including the production of variouschimeric chromosomes, deletions and other aberrations found in genomes. In the end this initiatescarcinogenesis of the whole cell through the reverse transcription mechanism after a lengthyincubation period. Recently, this laboratory has verified that physical carcinogenesis, includingthe oncogenesis induced by radiation and asbestos as well as the carcinogenesis induced byendogenous factors such as estrogen or diethyl-stilbestrol switch on carcinogenesis by inducing theformation of cross-linkages between the complementary base pairs in DNA. Di-region theory has nowbeen supported by many experimental observations such as mutational spectra of various carcinogens.The potential for carcinogenesis, teratogenesis, sterility and mutagenesis lumped together asgenetic toxicity appears to originate almost uniformly from the cross-linking between complementarybases, i.e. malignant cross-linking, which is in accordance with di-region theory. Other forms ofcross-linking between non-complementary bases, benign cross-linkings, show bi-functional alkylationanticancer activity but lack genetic toxicity. The predictable design and synthesis of a highselectivity anticancer agent with high efficacy and low genetic toxicity, a goal long pursued incancer chemotherapy, have been realized for the first time in this laboratory by inhibitingmalignant and heightening benign cross-linking using the principles of di-region theory. A series ofpatented new anticancer platinum complexes called di-regioplatins, based on the above predetermineddesign, have been reported. In these cancer cell kill rates, tumor-inhibition rates and theultimate life-span for two mouse carcinoma models using several compounds ofcis-di-substituted-benzylaminodihaloplatinum (II) are notably higher than those of cisplatin, buttheir toxicities all are much lower than cisplatin. Based on a predictive design using di-regiontheory and group theory, a new anticancer complex,cis-diammine-cyclopentane-1,1-dicarboxylato-platinum (II) called minoplatin, has been synthesized inthis laboratory by making the minimal structural revision of adding an CH_2 unit on the four-memberring of carboplatin.展开更多
基金National Key Technol-ogy R&D Program (Grant No. 2006BAC02A15)the National Key Basic Research and Development Plan Projects (Grant No. 2006CB403403).
文摘Intergenerational conflict coordination is the fundamental requirement and core of sustainable development. In this paper, through the analysis of the future generations-oriented management mechanisms for intergenerational conflict, the idea of mechanisms and institution building for the coordination and management of intergenerational conflict is put forward. Furthermore, the future generations-oriented virtual negotiation support system (NSS) for intergenerational conflict is developed, built on the analysis of the process simulation of intergenerational wealth transfer, intergenerational equilibrium allocation of resources, and strategies for the mitigation and avoidance of intergenerational conflict, through the application of advanced IT technology. The virtual NSS for intergenerational conflict is helpful to the practical application of the sustainable development theory; on the other hand, it can be applied directly to the intergenerational equilibrium allocation of resources, national economic accounting, formulation of sustainable development strategies and other urgent national economic and social development issues. Finally, the sustainable development theory can be enriched and extended. Therefore, the development of the future generations-oriented virtual NSS for intergenerational conflict has certain theoretical and practical effects on the theory of sustainable development.
文摘Due to concomitant changes in pro-and anti-coagulant mechanisms,patients with liver dysfunction have a“rebalanced hemostasis”,which can easily be tipped toward either a hypo-or a hypercoagulable phenotype.Clinicians are often faced with the question whether patients with chronic liver disease undergoing invasive procedures or surgery and those having active bleeding require correction of the hemostasis abnormalities.Conventional coagulation screening tests,such as the prothrombin time/international normalized ratio and the activated partial thromboplastin time have been demonstrated to have numerous limitations in these patients and do not predict the risk of bleeding prior to high-risk procedures.The introduction of global coagulation assays,such as viscoelastic testing(VET),has been an important step forward in the assessment of the overall hemostasis profile.A growing body of evidence now suggests that the use of VET might be of significant clinical utility to prevent unnecessary infusion of blood products and to improve outcomes in numerous settings.The present review discusses the advantages and caveats of both conventional and global coagulation assays to assess the risk of bleeding in patients with chronic liver disease as well as the current role of transfusion and hemostatic agents to prevent or manage bleeding.
文摘The impact of power fluctuation caused by renewable sources is highly negative. This article discusses the idea of an energy capacitor system (ECS) which regulates the power balance in a distribution system based on Multi-Agent System (MAS). Energy Capacitor system as a storage device plays the main role to control the system’s power quality by absorbing the fluctuations. Load Following Operation (LFO) process and coordination control scheme between the ECS and diesel generator have been introduced. Results show the efficient utilization of the ECS based on a special index defined in this paper to evaluate the power fluctuations in the distribution system. The results also show the useful implementation of the control scheme by revealing the capability of keeping the ECS stored energy in the specified range.
文摘Microgrid systems are built to integrate a generation mix of solar and wind renewable energy resources that are generally intermittent in nature. This paper presents a novel decentralized multi-agent system to securely operate microgrids in real-time while maintaining generation</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> load balance. Agents provide a normal operation in a grid-connected mode and a contingency operation in an islanded mode for fault handling. Fault handling is especially critical in microgrid operation to simulate possible contingencies and microgrid outages in a real-world scenario. A robust agent design has been implemented using MATLAB</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Simulink and Java Agent Development Framework technologies to simulate microgrids with load management and distributed generators control. The microgrid of the German Jordanian University has been used for simulation for Summer and Winter photovoltaic generation and load profiles. The results show agent capabilities to operate microgrid in real-time and its ability to coordinate and adjust generation and load. In a simulated fault incident, agents coordinate and adjust to a normal operation in 0.012 seconds, a negligible time for microgrid restoration. This clearly shows that the multi-agent system is a viable solution to operate MG in real-time.
文摘The penetration of distributed generation (DG) in distribution power system would affect the traditional fault current level and characteristics. Consequently, the traditional protection arrangements developed in distribution utilities are difficult in coordination. Also, the reclosing scheme would be affected. With the rapid developments in distribution system automation and communication technology, the protection coordination and reclosing scheme based on information exchange for distribution power system can be realized flexibly. This paper proposes a multi-agent based scheme for fault diagnosis in power distribution networks with distributed generators. The relay agents are located such that the distribution network is divided into several sections. The relay agents measure the bus currents at which they are located such that it can detect and classify the fault, and determine the fault location. The proposed technique uses the entropy of wavelet coefficients of the measured bus currents. The performance of the proposed protection scheme is tested through simulation of two systems. The first system is a benchmark medium voltage (MV) distribution system and the second system is practical 66 kV system of the city of Alexandria.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 50372028） and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province （No. BK2005130）.
文摘Multi-protection is a principle in security management, and the use of anti-explosion and fireproof agents is a crucial part of it. In this paper, the properties of nano-oxide particles in the field of anti-explosion and fireproof were analyzed. The sedimentation velocity of nanometer particles was calculated. CH4 was taken as an example, and its combustion mechanism of the initial stages was concluded. The effects of 15 oxides on molecular energies of the reaction system were calculated with program Hyperchem 6, and the possible contact manner between radi- cals and oxides was got. It was concluded that oxides, such as ZrO2, could combine with radicals, and thus prevent the combustion reaction. It was found that the nano-ZrO2 eruptively generated aerosol is superior to other counterparts in serving as the anti-explosion and fireproof agent, and therefore, will play an increasingly important role in the security management.
基金funded by projects“Smart Materials,Photonics,Technologies and Engineering Ecosystem(MOTE)”(Contract No.VPP-EM-FOTONIKA-2022/1-0001)“Bio-Based Cryogenic Insulation for Aerospace Application(BioSpace)”(Contract No.4000135271/21/NL/SC).
文摘Cryogenic insulation material rigid polyurethane(PU)foams were developed using bio-based and recycled feedstock.Polyols obtained from tall oil fatty acids produced as a side stream of wood biomass pulping and recycled polyethylene terephthalate were used to develop rigid PU foam formulations.The 4th generation physical blowing agents with low global warming potential and low ozone depletion potential were used to develop rigid PU foam cryogenic insulation with excellent mechanical and thermal properties.Obtained rigid PU foams had a thermal conductivity coefficient as low as 0.0171 W/m·K and an apparent density of 37-40 kg/m^(3).The developed rigid PU foams had anisotropic compression strength properties,which were higher parallel to the foaming direction.Moreover,the compression strength was also influenced by the type of applied bio-based polyol.The bio-based polyols with higher OH group functionality delivered higher crosslinking density of polymer matrix;thus,the mechanical properties were also higher.The mechanical strength of the foams increased when materials were tested at liquid nitrogen temperature due to the stiffening of the polymer matrix.The thermal properties of the developed materials were determined using differential scanning calorimetry,dynamic mechanical analysis,and thermogravimetric analysis methods.Lastly,the developed rigid PU foams had good adhesion to the aluminium substrate before and after applying cyroshock and an excellent safety coefficient of 4-5.Rigid PU foams developed using Solstice LBA delivered adhesion strength of~0.5 MPa and may be considered for application as cryogenic insulation in the aerospace industry.
文摘In 1979, the mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis, a challenging anddifficult scientific problem pending for a number of years, was explained by Dai Qianhuan. Themechanism named di-region theory predicted that a carcinogen always metabolizes to form a specialbi-functional alky-lating agent. This agent induces cross-linkages between the complementary basepairs in DMA and switches on initial mutageneses in genomes including point and frameshiftmutations. This, in turn, induces further deep mutageneses including the production of variouschimeric chromosomes, deletions and other aberrations found in genomes. In the end this initiatescarcinogenesis of the whole cell through the reverse transcription mechanism after a lengthyincubation period. Recently, this laboratory has verified that physical carcinogenesis, includingthe oncogenesis induced by radiation and asbestos as well as the carcinogenesis induced byendogenous factors such as estrogen or diethyl-stilbestrol switch on carcinogenesis by inducing theformation of cross-linkages between the complementary base pairs in DNA. Di-region theory has nowbeen supported by many experimental observations such as mutational spectra of various carcinogens.The potential for carcinogenesis, teratogenesis, sterility and mutagenesis lumped together asgenetic toxicity appears to originate almost uniformly from the cross-linking between complementarybases, i.e. malignant cross-linking, which is in accordance with di-region theory. Other forms ofcross-linking between non-complementary bases, benign cross-linkings, show bi-functional alkylationanticancer activity but lack genetic toxicity. The predictable design and synthesis of a highselectivity anticancer agent with high efficacy and low genetic toxicity, a goal long pursued incancer chemotherapy, have been realized for the first time in this laboratory by inhibitingmalignant and heightening benign cross-linking using the principles of di-region theory. A series ofpatented new anticancer platinum complexes called di-regioplatins, based on the above predetermineddesign, have been reported. In these cancer cell kill rates, tumor-inhibition rates and theultimate life-span for two mouse carcinoma models using several compounds ofcis-di-substituted-benzylaminodihaloplatinum (II) are notably higher than those of cisplatin, buttheir toxicities all are much lower than cisplatin. Based on a predictive design using di-regiontheory and group theory, a new anticancer complex,cis-diammine-cyclopentane-1,1-dicarboxylato-platinum (II) called minoplatin, has been synthesized inthis laboratory by making the minimal structural revision of adding an CH_2 unit on the four-memberring of carboplatin.
