Identification of hub genes associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus:A pilot bioinformatics study

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is related to various extragastric diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the possible mechanisms connecting H.pylori infection and T2DM remain unknown.AIM To explore potential molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.METHODS We extracted gene expression arrays from three online datasets(GSE60427,GSE27411 and GSE115601).Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)commonly present in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM were identified.Hub genes were validated using human gastric biopsy samples.Correlations between hub genes and immune cell infiltration,miRNAs,and transcription factors(TFs)were further analyzed.RESULTS A total of 67 DEGs were commonly presented in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM.Five significantly upregulated hub genes,including TLR4,ITGAM,C5AR1,FCER1G,and FCGR2A,were finally identified,all of which are closely related to immune cell infiltration.The gene-miRNA analysis detected 13 miRNAs with at least two gene cross-links.TF-gene interaction networks showed that TLR4 was coregulated by 26 TFs,the largest number of TFs among the 5 hub genes.CONCLUSION We identified five hub genes that may have molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of H.pylori-induced onset of T2DM.

Study of the expressions of p53 and bcl-2 genes, the telomerase activity and apoptosis in GIST patients

AIM: To explore the relationship between clinicobiological behavior and the expression levels of telomerase activity, apoptosis, p53 gene and bcl-2 gene in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). METHODS: The intensity of telomerase activity, apoptosis, p 53 and bcl -2 expression in GISTs were detected by telomeric repeat amplification protocol, in situ end-labeling technique, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS: The positive rates of telomerase activity of malignant GIST, potential malignant GIST and benign GIST were 85% (17/20), 22.8% (2/9) and 0 (0/9), respectively. The apoptosis indices of malignant GIST, potential malignant GIST, and benign GIST were 11.7 ± 5.4, 30.2 ± 5.6 and 45.2 ± 7.2, respectively. The intensity of telomerase activity and apoptosis were related to the biological characteristics of GISTs (85% vs 22.8%, 0, 0; P < 0.01 or 11.7 ± 5.4 vs 30.2 ± 5.6, 45.2 ± 7.2, 72.1 ± 9.3; P < 0.05). The intensity of telomerase activity was negatively correlated with cellular apoptosis (22.9 ± 8.4 vs 9.5 ± 5.7, P < 0.01). The intensity of telomerase activity was positively correlated with p53, bcl-2 expression (40.0% vs 78.9%, 40.0% vs 84.2%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The detection of telomerase activity, apoptosis and its control genes in GIST will be helpful for the discrimination of the malignant and benign GIST and evaluation of the prognosis.

Difference in Expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl Genes in Cisplatin-sensitive and Cisplatin-resistant Human in Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines

To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl gene in sensitive (A2780) and drug-resistance (AD6) human ovarian cancer cell lines and explore the molecular mechanism of multidrug resistance, A2780 and AD6 were detected by using DNA gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Our results showed that (1)'DNA ladder ' was observed in A2780 and AD6 after cisplatin treatment; (2) after 3.0, 6.0, 9.9 μg/ml of cisplatin treatment, a significant difference was noted in the rate of apoptosis between in A2780 and AD6 (P<0.05); (3) Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl genes were overexpressed in AD6. After cisplatin treatment, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl genes was down-regulated in A2780 and AD6. It is concluded that cisplatin could induce the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, and the over-expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl genes may contribute to apoptotic inhibition and the development of multidrug-resistance of human ovarian cancer.

Protective Effect of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane on Ischemic Neurons and Expression of Bcl-2 and ICE Genes in Rat Brain

Objective To study the protective effect of volatile anesthetics, isoflurane and sevoflurane, on ischemic neurons after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods Rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was developed by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery （MCA） and bilateral common carotid arteries （CCAs） 1 h after reperfusion. Using flow cytometry （FCM） and Northern blot hybridization, we calculated the number of apoptotic bodies and detected the expression of bcl-2 mRNA and interleukin-113 converting enzyme （ICE） mRNA. Results The apoptotic bodies in hippocampus analyzed by FCM peaked at appeared 24 h after reperfusion, and decreased about 54% and 40%, respectively, after treatment with isoflurane and sevoflurane, as compared with ischemic group. There was no significant difference in the expression of bcl-2 mRNA and ICE mRNA between the inhaled anesthetic groups and ischemic group in hippocampus 24 h after MCA/CCAs occlusion. Conclusion Isoflurane and sevoflurane partially inhibit apoptosis but have no significant effect on the expression of bcl-2 and ICE genes.

Differential expression of bcl-2 and bax genes during the E.coli-induced apoptosis of human U937 cells

To explore the role of bcl-2 and bax genes in the apoptosis of human U937 cells induced by E.coli, flow cytometry assay with annexinⅤ-FITC/PI double staining was used to determine the condition of apoptosis, and the expressions of mRNA of bcl-2 and bax genes were assayed with RT-PCR. It was found that the apoptosis of human U937 cells could be induced by E.coli at various concentration ratios between cells and bacteria for 30 min in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic rates at cell/bacteria ratios of 0, 1∶5, 1∶10, 1∶20, 1∶50 and 1∶100 were 3.16%±0.90%, 9.46%±0.84%, 17.90%±1.41%, 35.59%±3.76%, 38.35%±7.12% and 55.07%±5.82% respectively. Also, there was a tendency of alterations in the expression levels of bcl-2 and bax genes with an increased expression level of bax gene and a reduced expression level of bcl-2 gene. It is concluded that E.coli can induce apoptosis in human U937 cells with a down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 and an up-regulated expression of Bax, and this might be related to the induction of apoptosis of the infected cell.

THE OVEREXPRESSION OF APOPTOSIS-RELATED GENES OF P_53 AND BCL-2 IN CERVICAL CARCINOMA

Objective To investigate the significance of overexpression of p5s and bcl-2 protein in carcinogene- sis of cervix. Methods 10 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasis(CIN) and 57 cases of invasive cancer were in- vestigated with immunohistochemistry technique. Results The overexpresion or P53 protein ir CIN and cervical can- cer was significantly higher than that or control, respectively (P<0.01). But there was no significant difference be- tween CIN and cervical cancer(P>0.05). The immunoreactivity of bcl-2 in CIN was much more higher than that of control (P<0.05). The positive rate and immunoreactivity of bcl-2 in cervical carcinoma were both remarkably high- er than those of control (P<0.0l),but there was no significant difference between CIN and cervical carcinoma (P> 0.05). It was also found that there was a remarkably positive correlation between the overexpression of bcl-2 and P53 (P<0.01). Conclusion Because of the loss of wtP53 function,the expression of bcl-2 can not be down-reguated, which is associated with the pathogenesis and development of cervical carcinoma.

Pathogenesis of chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene:Hypotheses and conundrums

Chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene(CEAS)is a complex gastroenterological condition characterized by multiple ulcers in the small intestine with chronic bleeding and protein loss.This review explores the potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CEAS,focusing on the role of SLCO2A1-encoded prostaglandin transporter OATP2A1 and its impact on prostaglandin E2(PGE2)levels.Studies have suggested that elevated PGE2 levels contribute to mucosal damage,inflammation,and disruption of the intestinal barrier.The effects of PGE2 on macrophage activation and Maxi-Cl channel functionality,as well as its interaction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs play crucial roles in the progression of CEAS.Understanding the balance between its protective and pro-inflammatory effects and the complex interactions within the gastrointestinal tract can shed light on potential therapeutic targets for CEAS and guide the development of novel,targeted therapies.

Bcl-2 Interacts with Beclin 1 and Regulates Autophagy in 7,12- Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-Induced Hamster Buccal-Pouch Squamous-Cell Tumorigenesis

Objective:Autophagy is a programmed cell death procedure,which has essential functions in tumorigenesis.However,its temporal expression and function under different status are yet to be determined.This study aims to investigate the temporal expression of autophagy and its possible function in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene(DMBA)-induced hamster buccal-pouch cancer model(HBPCM).Methods:A total of 50 hamster buccal-pouch tumorigenesis models were established by painting DMBA for 4,8,10 and 13 weeks.The expression and subcellular localization of LC3,Beclin 1 and Bcl-2 in buccal lesions were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.DNA damage was observed by immunohistochemical staining of 8-oHdG.The relationship between Beclin 1 and Bcl-2 was analyzed by immunofluorescence colocalization.Results:The expression levels of LC3 and Beclin 1 associated with autophagy in the experimental buccal pouch of HBPCM were significantly upregulated after 4 weeks(P<0.05),but gradually downregulated after 13 weeks of HBPCM induction.By contrast,the expression level of Bcl-2 was significantly upregulated after 13 weeks.The co-localized regions of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1 peaked after 4 weeks and then decreased gradually.The DNA damage in epithelial cells increased slightly after 4 weeks,and then rapidly decreased over the next 2 months.Conclusion:Autophagy is motivated by a tumor suppressor that diminishes carcinogen-induced DNA damage.However,autophagy is gradually suppressed,which may be attributed to the interaction between Bcl-2 and Beclin 1.This result indicates that the promotion of autophagy may suppress malignant transformation and provide new insights on future potential treatments of HBPCM.

Trifunctional Cu-Mesh/Cu_(2)O@FeO Nanoarrays for Highly Efficient Degradation of Antibiotic, Inactivation of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, and Damage of Antibiotics Resistance Genes

Trifunctional Cu-mesh/Cu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays heterostructure is designed and fabricated by integrating CuCu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays onto Cu-mesh(CM)via an in situ growth and phase transformation process.It is successfully applied to efficiently mitigate the antibiotic pollution,including degradation of antibiotics,inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB),and damage of antibiotics resistance genes(ARGs).Under visible-light irradiation,CM/CuCu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays exhibit a superior degradation efficiency on antibiotics(e.g.,up to 99%in 25 min for tetracycline hydrochloride,TC),due to the generated reactive oxygen species(ROS),especially the dominant·O^(2−).It can fully inactivate E.coli(HB101)with initial number of~108 CFU mL^(−1) in 10 min,which is mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of 1D nanostructure,dissolved metal ions,and generated ROS.Meanwhile,it is able to damage ARGs after 180 min of photodegradation,including tetA(vs TC)of 3.3 log 10,aphA(vs kanamycin sulfate,KAN)of 3.4 log 10,and tnpA(vs ampicillin,AMP)of 4.4 log 10,respectively.This work explores a green way for treating antibiotic pollution under visible light.

The relationship of Imp2 and DR3 genes with susceptibility to type Ⅰ diabetes mellitus in south China Han population

AIN To study the relationship of Imp2 and DR3genes with type Ⅰ diabetes mellitus.NETHODS Imp2 genotypes and DR3 wereidentified in 68 patients with type Ⅰ diabetesmellitus(Ⅰ-DM)and 71 healthy controls.Then,Ⅰ-DM patients and controls were respectivelyallocated into DR3-positive and DR3-negativegroups.The frequencies of Imp2 and DR3 genein random subjects,and Imp2 genotypes in DR3-matched subjects were compared between Ⅰ-DMpatients and controls.At the same time,Ⅰ-DMpatients were divided into 3 groups based on theonset age of diabetics:group A≤14 years,group B 15-30 years and group C≥31 years.RESULTS The frequency of DR3 in Ⅰ-DMpatients was significantly higher than that incontrols(47% vs 21%,P【0.005),and it wassignificantly higher in group A than that in groupB+C(70% vs 36%,x^2=7.07,P【0.01).Therewas a significant difference among groups withdifferent onset age of diabetics(x^2=8.19,rp=0.33,P【0.05).In random subjects,thefrequency of Imp2.R/R in Ⅰ-DM patients waslower(43% vs 61%,P【0.05)and Imp2.R/Hhigher(53% vs 28%,P【0.05)than that incontrols,and there was no significant differenceamong groups with different onset age ofdiabetics.In DR3-positive subjects,thefrequency of Imp2.R/R in Ⅰ-DM patients waslower(47% vs 87%,P【0.05)and Imp2-R/H higher(47% vs 13%,P【0.05)than that incontrols.In DR3-negative subjects,thefrequency of Imp2.R/H in Ⅰ-DM patients washigher than that in controls(58% vs 32%,P【0.01),but the frequency of Imp2-R/R and Imp2H/H was not significantly different betweenthese two groups.CONCLUSION DR3 gene may be one of thesusceptible genes of Ⅰ-DM,and significantlyrelated to the onset age of diabetics,and thepersons with DR3 may have an younger onsetage of diabeteS.The Imp2-R/R may be theprotective genotype of Ⅰ-DM,and Imp2-R/H thesusceptible genotype.These were not affectedby DR3 gene.Imp-2 genotypes were not relatedwith the onset age of diabetics.

Detections of mefA, ermB, and mphA Macrolides Resistant Genes in Bacteria Isolated from Covid-19 Patients from Selected Health Facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: COVID-19 is a disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological data indicated that bacterial complications in COVID-19 would decrease clearance rate of the infecting agent and increase mortality rate. Macrolides such as Azithromycin are usually administered to COVID-19 patients as palliative treatments. Currently, a considerable number of bacterial strains have developed resistance to various antibiotics, especially macrolides. Resistance is reported to be due to possession of mefA, ermB, and mphA genes by Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Therefore, this study determined antibiotic resistance patterns and identify mefA, ermB and mphA macrolide-resistant genes in bacterial pathogens isolated from COVID-19 cases in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: 400 Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from symptomatic cases before antibiotic medication;structured questionnaires were administered to collect socio-demographic data of participants. Samples were cultured on Blood, Chocolate, MacConkey and Mannitol salt agar at 37°C for 48 hrs. Bacterial identification was performed using VITEK 2.0 ID cards and API 20E for Gram positive and negative bacteria respectively. Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing was performed using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion methods and VITEK 2.0 AST card kits. DNA of multidrug resistant bacterial isolates was extracted;resistant genes were determined using a polymerase chain reaction with specific primers. Amplified genes were detected using agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: 240 (60%) had bacterial growth and 97 (22.2%) yielded no growth. From the 240 bacterial isolates, 38 (15.83%) were multi-drug resistant including resistance to macrolides (Azithromycin) 20 (52.63%) of which were positive for either mefA or ermB, and none (0.0%) possess mphA gene;14 (36.8%) isolates had mefA gene, 10 (26.3%) isolates carried ermB gene. Conclusion: Multi-drug bacterial resistance including macrolides and quinolones was detected. Only mefA and ermB genes were detected in the bacterial isolates, especially in Gram positive organisms. The detection of mefA and ermB genes in the MDR bacterial isolates raised concern on the use of azithromycin as palliative treatment for COVID-19 symptomatic patients.

Identification of key genes and biological pathways in lung adenocarcinoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis

BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to identify hub genes and biological pathways involved in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)via bioinformatics analysis,and investigate potential therapeutic targets.AIM To determine reliable prognostic biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of LUAD.METHODS To identify potential therapeutic targets for LUAD,two microarray datasets derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database were analyzed,GSE3116959 and GSE118370.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in LUAD and normal tissues were identified using the GEO2R tool.The Hiplot database was then used to generate a volcanic map of the DEGs.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted to cluster the genes in GSE116959 and GSE-118370 into different modules,and identify immune genes shared between them.A protein-protein interaction network was established using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database,then the CytoNCA and CytoHubba components of Cytoscape software were used to visualize the genes.Hub genes with high scores and co-expression were identified,and the Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used to perform enrichment analysis of these genes.The diagnostic and prognostic values of the hub genes were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,and gene-set enrichment analysis was conducted.The University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer data analysis portal was used to analyze relationships between the hub genes and normal specimens,as well as their expression during tumor progression.Lastly,validation of protein expression was conducted on the identified hub genes via the Human Protein Atlas database.RESULTS Three hub genes with high connectivity were identified;cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2(CRABP2),matrix metallopeptidase 12(MMP12),and DNA topoisomerase II alpha(TOP2A).High expression of these genes was associated with a poor LUAD prognosis,and the genes exhibited high diagnostic value.CONCLUSION Expression levels of CRABP2,MMP12,and TOP2A in LUAD were higher than those in normal lung tissue.This observation has diagnostic value,and is linked to poor LUAD prognosis.These genes may be biomarkers and therapeutic targets in LUAD,but further research is warranted to investigate their usefulness in these respects.

THE EXPRESSIONS OF HBV X GENE AND ets-2, IGF-Ⅰ, c-myc AND N-ras ONCOGENES IN HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND TUMOR-ADJACENT TISSUES

The expressions of HBV X gene and ets-2, IGF-I, c-myc and N-ras were studied in 7 pairs of human primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) and tumor-adjacent tissues, using RNA hybridization and im-munoblot methods. The results showed that specific 17 and 28 kD HBV X gene products (HBxAg) were existed in a portion of PHC and tumor-adjacent tissues. The 17 kD HBxAg was detected in the sera of 3 patients who also had 17 kD HBxAg in their liver tissues. Multiple expressions of oncogenes such as ets-2, c-myc and N-ras were observed in PHC and tumor-adjacent tissues that had HBxAg expressed, indicating HBxAg might function as a transactivator in the course of intracellular proto-oncogene activation. It is also observed that in some tumor-adjacnet tissues the expressions of ets-2, c-myc and N-ras were higher than those in corresponding PHC. The relationship of HBxAg to the expression of est-2, IGF-Ⅱ, c-myc and their possible roles in the carcinogenesis of PHC are discussed.

Detection of apoptotic cells and immunohistochemical study of bcl-2 and p53 gene protein in primary gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma

To identify the apoptotic cells in gastric MALT lymphoma and its relationship between bcl-2 and p53 gene expression. Methods: TdT-mediated dUTP biotin Nick End labeling (TUNEL) and immuno-histochemistry ABC method were used to display apoptotic cells and the gene protein expression of bcl-2 and p53 independently. Results: Apoptotic indices (AI) in high-grade MALT lymphomas were significantly higher than in mixed-grade group and low-grade group (P<0.05). Bcl-2 was expressed in 83% of low-grade tumors, 61.6% of the median-grade tumors and 43.7% of high-grade tumors. An inverse correlation was observed between the expression of bcl-2 and apoptotic indices. Only 27 cases were p53 positive. The frequency of p53 positivity was significantly increased as the histologic grade advanced (P<0.05). There was also an inverse correlation between the expression of bcl-2 and p53. Conclusion: Apoptosis may be important in tumors development and transmission. p53 and bcl-2 were important regulatory genes of apoptosis and may be associated with transformation from low- grade to high-grade lymphomas.

Expression of Genes Associated with Nickel Resistance in White Spruce (<i>Picea glauca</i>) under Nickel Stress: Analysis of AT2G16800 and <i>NRAMP</i>Genes

Heavy metals such nickel (Ni) can cause toxicity by 1) displacing essential components in the biomolecules, 2) blocking the functional group of molecules, or 3) modifying enzymes, proteins, the plasma membrane, and membrane transporters. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of nickel (Ni) on gene expression of nitrate on gene expression with a focus on the genes coding for the high affinity Ni transporter family protein AT2G16800, and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP). Ni toxicity was assessed by treating seedlings with an aqueous solution of nickel nitrate salt [Ni(NO3)2] at the concentrations of 150 mg, 800 mg, and 1600 mg of nickel per 1 kg of dry soil. RT-qPCR was used to measure the expression of AT2G16800, and NRAMP genes in samples treated with nickel nitrates and controls. The results revealed that P. glauca is resistant to Ni based on lack of plant damage at all nickel concentrations. Ni has no effect on the expression of the AT2G16800 gene in needles or roots. However, it induced an upregulation of the NRAMP genes in roots at all the doses tested (150 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, and 1600 mg/kg). On the other hand, Ni has no effect on the expression of the NRAMP gene in needle but the lowest dose of potassium (150 mg/kg) upregulated this gene in needle tissues.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of <i>RrRUP</i>2 Gene Related to Photomorphogenesis Biosynthesis in <i>Rosa rugosa</i>

Plants have evolved and perfected a series of light receptors to feel the light at different bands and regulate the expression, modification and interaction of related genes in plants through signal transduction. So far, many photoreceptors have been identified in plants, UVR8 has recently been identified as a receptor for UV-B light. This paper cloned a WD40 gene related to UVR8 protein subunit, named RrRUP2, based on the Rosa rugose transcriptome data, using Rosa rugose “Zi zhi” as experimental materials. The full length of cDNA of the gene was obtained by RT-PCR and RACE methods. The total length of this gene is 1173 bp, and it encodes 390 amino acids. After bioinformatics analysis, the molecular formula C3415H5659N1173O1434S313 was predicted;the relative molecular weight was 96129.27 Da;the theoretical isoelectric point PI value was 5.00;and its instability index was 47.06. The total average hydrophobic index was 0.750. In the secondary structure of RrRUP2 protein, there are 10 α-helix, 45 β-helix, 181 Random coil, and 154 Extended strand. Gene Bank Blast results showed that the amino acid sequence encoded by RrRUP2 was more than 90% homologous with the RUP2 protein of Rosa chinensis, Fragaria, Malus, Pyrus, Prunus, Juglans, Arabidopsis and Tobacco, so it can be inferred that the RrRUP2 gene is a WD repeat-containing protein. Regarding to fluorescence quantitative expression analysis of RrRUP2, we find its experssion pattern is corresponded with the accumulation of anthocyanins.

Correlation research of Runt-related transcription factor 2 with proliferation genes, tumor suppressor genes and angiogenesis molecules in colon cancer lesions

Objective: To investigate the correlation of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RunX2) with proliferation genes, tumor suppressor genes and angiogenesis molecules in colon cancer lesions. Methods: A total of 90 patients with primary colon cancer were enrolled in colon cancer group, 68 patients with benign colon polyps were enrolled in colon polyps group, the differences in the expression levels of RunX2, proliferation genes, tumor suppressor genes and angiogenesis molecules in the two groups of lesions were compared, and Pearson test was further used to evaluate the correlation of RunX2 expression level with proliferation gene, tumor suppressor gene and angiogenesis molecule expression levels in colon cancer tissues. Results: RunX2 mRNA expression level in the lesions of colon cancer group was higher than that of colon polyps group. Proliferation genes GTPBP4, HOXB7, ZNF331, ADAM17 and HSP60 mRNA expression levels in the lesions of colon cancer group were higher than those of colon polyps group;tumor suppressor genes ATF3, FOXN3, OTUD1 and NDRG2 mRNA expression levels were lower than those of colon polyps group;angiogenesis molecules Musashi 1, NF-κB, RegⅣ and STAT3 mRNA expression levels were higher than those of colon polyps group. RunX2 mRNA expression level in the colon cancer lesions was directly correlated with the expression levels of the above proliferation genes, tumor suppressor genes and angiogenesis molecules. Conclusion: RunX2 expression is abnormally high in colon cancer lesions, the specific expression level is positively correlated with cancer cell proliferation activity and angiogenesis activity, and it is an important molecular target that can lead to the occurrence and development of colon cancer.

The Role of HER2/Neu and BRCA1 Genes in the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer among Sudanese Women

Background: Knowledge of HER2/Neu and BRCA1 Genes might be helpful for development of strategies for decreasing the burden of risk of breast cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study to detect the role of HER2/Neu and BRCA1 Genes expression in diagnosis of breast cancer in Sudanese women. Methodology: A total of 100 tissue samples obtained from patients with breast cancer in addition to 50 tissue samples obtained from patients with benign breast lesions, were detected the expression of HER2/Neu and BRCA1 Genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: The prevalence of HER2/Neu and BRCA1 Genes, among cases was 6%, and 10% respectively. Conclusion: HER2/Neu and BRCA1 Genes have a considerable contribution to etiology of breast cancer in Sudan that requires further consideration.

Transduction of Fas gene or Bcl-2 antisense RNA sensitizes cultured drug resistant gastric cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒａｐｙｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｉｎｔｕｍｏｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ，ｂｕｔｉｔｏｆｔｅｎｄｏｅｓｎｏｔｗｏｒｋｄｕｅｔｏｍｕｌｔｉｄｒｕｇｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ（ＭＤＲ）．Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｓｔｕｄｉ...

Correlation between expression of gastrin, somatostatin and cell apoptosis regulation gene bcl-2/bax in large intestine carcinoma

AIM: To explore the correlation between expression of somatostatin (SS), gastrin (GAS) and cell apoptosis regulation gene bcl-2/bax in large intestine carcinoma.METHODS: Sixty-two large intestine cancer tissue samples were randomly and retrospectively selected from patients with large intestine carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for bcl-2, bax, GAS, SS was performed according to the standard streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase (S-P) method.According to the semi-quantitative integral evaluation, SS and GAS were divided into three groups as follows. Scores1-3 were defined as the low expression group, 4-8 as the intermediate expression group, 9-16 as the high expression group. Bax and bcl-2 protein expressions in different GAS and SS expression groups of large intestine carcinoma were assessed.RESULTS: The positive expression rate of bax had a prominent difference between SS and GAS high, intermediate and low expression groups (P＜0.05, x2ss = 9.246; P＜0.05,x2GAS = 6.981). The positive expression rate of bax in SS high (80.0%, 8/10) and intermediate (76.5%, 13/17)expression groups was higher than that in low expression group (40.0%, 14/35) (P＜0.05, x2high vs low = 5.242; P＜0.05,x2middle vs low = 6.097). The positive expression rate of bax in GAS high expression group (27.3%, 3/8) was lower than that in low expression group (69.4%, 25/36) (P＜0.05,x2 = 4.594). However, bax expression in GAS intermediate expression group (46.7%, 7/15) was lower than that in low expression group, but not statistically significant. The positive expression rate of bcl-2 had a prominent difference between SS and GAS high, intermediate and low expression groups (P＜0.05, x2ss = 7.178; P＜0.05, x2GAS = 13.831). The positive expression rate of bcl-2 in GAS high (90.9%, 10/11)and intermediate (86.7%, 13/15) expression groups was higher than that in low expression group (44.4%, 16/36)(P＜0.05,x2high vs low = 5.600; P＜0.05, x2 middle vs low = 7.695).However, the positive expression rate of bcl-2 in SS high (40.0%, 4/10) and intermediate (47.1%, 8/9) expression groups was lower than that in low expression group (77.1%, 27/35)(P＜0.05, x2 high vs low = 4.710; P＜0.05, x2 middle vs low = 4.706).There was a significant positive correlation between the integral ratio of GAS to SS and the integral of bcl-2 (P＜0.01,r=0.340). However, there was a negative correlation between the integral ratio of GAS to the SS and bax the integral of (P＜0.05, r = -0.299).CONCLUSION: The regulation and control of gastrin,somatostatin in cell apoptosis of large intestine carcinoma may be directly related to the abnormal expression of bcl-2, bax.