Comprehensive analysis of clinical and biological value of ING family genes in liver cancer

BACKGROUND Liver cancer(LIHC)is a malignant tumor that occurs in the liver and has a high mortality in cancer.The ING family genes were identified as tumor suppressor genes.Dysregulated expression of these genes can lead to cell cycle arrest,senescence and/or apoptosis.ING family genes are promising targets for anticancer therapy.However,their role in LIHC is still not well understood.AIM To have a better understanding of the important roles of ING family members in LIHC.METHODS A series of bioinformatics approaches(including gene expression analysis,genetic alteration analysis,survival analysis,immune infiltration analysis,prediction of upstream microRNAs(miRNAs)and long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)of ING1,and ING1-related gene functional enrichment analysis)was applied to study the expression profile,clinical relationship,prognostic significance and immune infiltration of ING in LIHC.The relationship between ING family genes expression and tumor associated immune checkpoints was investigated in LIHC.The molecular mechanism of ING1 mediated hepatocarcinogenesis was preliminarily discussed.RESULTS mRNA/protein expression of different ING family genes in LIHC was analyzed in different databases,showing that ING family genes were highly expressed in LIHC.In 47 samples from 366 LIHC patients,the ING family genes were altered at a rate of 13%.By comprehensively analyzing the expression,clinical pathological parameters and prognostic value of ING family genes,ING1/5 was identified.ING1/5 was related to poor prognosis of LIHC,suggesting that they may play key roles in LIHC tumorigenesis and progression.One of the target miRNAs of ING1 was identified as hsa-miR-214-3p.Two upstream lncRNAs of hsa-miR-214-3p,U91328.1,and HCG17,were identified.At the same time,we found that the expression of ING family genes was correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint genes.CONCLUSION This study lays a foundation for further research on the potential mechanism and clinical value of ING family genes in the treatment and prognosis of LIHC.

Knockdown of the atypical protein kinase genes GhABC1K2-A05 and GhABC1K12-A07 make cotton more sensitive to salt and PEG stress

Activity of bc1 complex kinase(ABC1K)is an atypical protein kinase(aPK)that plays a crucial role in plant mitochondrial and plastid stress responses,but little is known about the responses of ABC1Ks to stress in cotton(Gossypium spp.).Here,we identified 40 ABC1Ks in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)and found that the Gh ABC1Ks were unevenly distributed across 17 chromosomes.The GhABC1K family members included 35 paralogous gene pairs and were expanded by segmental duplication.The GhABC1K promoter sequences contained diverse cis-acting regulatory elements relevant to hormone or stress responses.The qRT-PCR results revealed that most Gh ABC1Ks were upregulated by exposure to different stresses.Gh ABC1K2-A05 and Gh ABC1K12-A07 expression levels were upregulated by at least three stress treatments.These genes were further functionally characterized by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS).Compared with the controls,the Gh ABC1K2-A05-and Gh ABC1K12-A07-silenced cotton lines exhibited higher malondialdehyde(MDA)contents,lower catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities and reduced chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents under NaCl and PEG stress.In addition,the expression levels of six stress marker genes(Gh DREB2A,Gh SOS1,Gh CIPK6,Gh SOS2,Gh WRKY33,and Gh RD29A)were significantly downregulated after stress in the Gh ABC1K2-A05-and Gh ABC1K12-A07-silenced lines.The results indicate that knockdown of Gh ABC1K2-A05 and Gh ABC1K12-A07 make cotton more sensitive to salt and PEG stress.These findings can provide valuable information for intensive studies of Gh ABC1Ks in the responses and resistance of cotton to abiotic stresses.

The role of tazarotene-induced gene 1 in carcinogenesis:is it a tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene?

Tazarotene-induced gene 1(TIG1)is induced by a derivative of vitamin A and is known to regulate many important biological processes and control the development of cancer.TIG1 is widely expressed in various tissues;yet in many cancer tissues,it is not expressed because of the methylation of its promoter.Additionally,the expression of TIG1 in cancer cells inhibits their growth and invasion,suggesting that TIG1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene.However,in some cancers,poor prognosis is associated with TIG1 expression,indicating its protumor growth characteristics,especially in promoting the invasion of inflammatory breast cancer cells.This review comprehensively summarizes the roles of the TIG1 gene in cancer development and details the mechanisms through which TIG1 regulates cancer development,with the aim of understanding its various roles in cancer development.

Candidate genes conferring ethylene-response in cultivated peanuts determined by BSA-seq and fine-mapping

Ethylene plays essential roles in plant growth,development and stress responses.The ethylene signaling pathway and molecular mechanism have been studied extensively in Arabidopsis and rice but limited in peanuts.Here,we established a sand-culture method to screen pingyangmycin mutagenized peanut lines based on their specific response to ethylene(“triple response”).An ethylene-insensitive mutant,inhibition of peanut hypocotyl elongation 1(iph1),was identified that showed reduced sensitivity to ethylene in both hypocotyl elongation and root growth.Through bulked segregant analysis sequencing,a major gene related to iph1,named AhIPH1,was preliminarily mapped at the chromosome Arahy.01,and further narrowed to a 450-kb genomic region through substitution mapping strategy.A total of 7014 genes were differentially expressed among the ACC treatment through RNA-seq analysis,of which only the Arahy.5BLU0Q gene in the candidate mapping interval was differentially expressed between WT and mutant iph1.Integrating sequence variations,functional annotation and transcriptome analysis revealed that a predicated gene,Arahy.5BLU0Q,encoding SNF1 protein kinase,may be the candidate gene for AhIPH1.This gene contained two single-nucleotide polymorphisms at promoter region and was more highly expressed in iph1 than WT.Our findings reveal a novel ethylene-responsive gene,which provides a theoretical foundation and new genetic resources for the mechanism of ethylene signaling in peanuts.

Pathogenesis of chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene:Hypotheses and conundrums

Chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene(CEAS)is a complex gastroenterological condition characterized by multiple ulcers in the small intestine with chronic bleeding and protein loss.This review explores the potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CEAS,focusing on the role of SLCO2A1-encoded prostaglandin transporter OATP2A1 and its impact on prostaglandin E2(PGE2)levels.Studies have suggested that elevated PGE2 levels contribute to mucosal damage,inflammation,and disruption of the intestinal barrier.The effects of PGE2 on macrophage activation and Maxi-Cl channel functionality,as well as its interaction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs play crucial roles in the progression of CEAS.Understanding the balance between its protective and pro-inflammatory effects and the complex interactions within the gastrointestinal tract can shed light on potential therapeutic targets for CEAS and guide the development of novel,targeted therapies.

New perspectives in prognostication of hepatocellular carcinoma:The role and clinical implications of transient receptor potential family genes

The study titled“Transient receptor potential-related risk model predicts prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients”is a significant contribution to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)research,highlighting the role of transient receptor potential(TRP)family genes in the disease’s progression and prognosis.Utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database,it establishes a new risk assessment model,emphasizing the interaction of TRP genes with tumor proliferation pathways,key metabolic reactions like retinol metabolism,and the tumor immune microenvironment.Notably,the overexpression of the TRPC1 gene in HCC correlates with poorer patient survival outcomes,suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and a target for personalized therapy,particularly in strategies combining immunotherapy and anti-TRP agents.

Understanding the role of transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1 in bladder cancer pathogenesis

In this editorial we comment on the article by Wei et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.The authors investigated the role of Transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1(TM9SF1)protein in bladder cancer(BC)carcinogenesis.Lentiviral vectors were used to achieve silencing or overexpression of TM9SF1 gene in three BC cell lines.These cell lines were then subject to cell counting kit 8,wound-healing assay,transwell assay,and flow cytometry.Proliferation,migration,and invasion of BC cells were increased in cell lines subjected to TM9SF1 overexpression.TM9SF1 silencing inhibited proliferation,migration and invasion of BC cells.The authors conclude that TM9SF1 may be an oncogene in bladder cancer pathogenesis.

A cluster of mutagenesis revealed an osmotic regulatory role of the OsPIP1 genes in enhancing rice salt tolerance

Aquaporins play important regulatory roles in improving plant abiotic stress tolerance.To better understand whether the Os PIP1 genes collectively dominate the osmotic regulation in rice under salt stress,a cluster editing of the Os PIP1;1,Os PIP1;2 and Os PIP1;3 genes in rice was performed by CRISPR/Cas9 system.Sequencing showed that two mutants with Cas9-free,line 14 and line 18 were successfully edited.Briefly,line 14 deleted a single C base in both the Os PIP1;1 and Os PIP1;3 genes,and inserted a single T base in the Os PIP1;2 gene,respectively.While line 18 demonstrated an insertion of a single A base in the Os PIP1;1gene and a single T base in both the Os PIP1;2 and Os PIP1;3 genes,respectively.Multiplex editing of the Os PIP1 genes significantly inhibited photosynthetic rate and accumulation of compatible metabolites,but increased MDA contents and osmotic potentials in the mutants,thus delaying rice growth under salt stress.Functional loss of the Os PIP1 genes obviously suppressed the expressions of the Os PIP1,Os SOS1,Os CIPK24 and Os CBL4 genes,and increased the influxes of Na+and effluxes of K^(+)/H^(+)in the roots,thus accumulating more Na+in rice mutants under salt stress.This study suggests that the Os PIP1 genes are essential modulators collectively contributing to the enhancement of rice salt stress tolerance,and multiplex editing of the Os PIP1 genes provides insight into the osmotic regulation of the PIP genes.

p33ING1b和p53在银屑病和基底细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨肿瘤抑制因子p53和生长抑制因子p33ING1b在人类银屑病和基底细胞癌(basal cell carcinoma,BCC)中的表达情况及临床意义。方法 :采用免疫组织化学Envision方法检测p53和p33ING1b在36例寻常型银屑病皮损(银屑病组)、28例BCC皮损(BCC组)和14例正常表皮(正常对照组)中的蛋白表达。结果:p53在正常对照组、银屑病组和BCC组中表达递增,p33ING1b在3组中表达递减,组间比较差异均有显著性(均P<0.05)。银屑病组和BCC组中,p53与p33ING1b之间均存在显著正相关(均P<0.05)。结论:p53和p33ING1b协同作用于增生性皮肤病的局部皮损,是细胞异常增殖的重要机制之一。

大肠癌中抑癌基因p33/ING1 mRNA的表达及意义

目的 了解p33/ING1表达与大肠癌临床病理特征的关系及其可能作用机制。方法 采用逆转录PCR检测 5 2例散发性大肠癌癌组织及正常大肠粘膜中ING1的表达。结果 在大肠癌组织中p33/ING1mRNA表达较正常粘膜明显减弱 ( 30 /5 2 ,5 7.7% ) ,p33/ING1的低表达与肿瘤的Duke’s分期及淋巴结转移显著相关。

β-连环蛋白与抑癌基因ING1蛋白在肺癌组织中的表达

目的观测β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)及抑癌基因ING1的蛋白表达产物p33^(ING1)在肺癌中的表达。方法纳人40例肺癌组织标本(肺癌组)和10例正常肺组织标本(对照组),采用免疫组化SP法检测β-catenin及p33^(ING1)蛋白在2组中的表达,并分析p33^(ING1)蛋白表达与肺癌临床病理特征的关系。结果肺癌组和对照组p33^(ING1)阳性表达率分别为57.5%和100.0%,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺癌组中β-catenin阳性表达率为81.2%,异常表达率为64.4%,p33^(ING1)与β-catenin阳性表达率呈正相关(r=0.6324,P<0.05)。p33^(ING1)表达与性别、年龄、病理组织学类型等无关(P>0.05),而与分化程度、TNM分期、有无淋巴结转移等有关(P<0.05)。结论β-eatenin的异常表达及p33^(ING1)表达与肺癌发生发展密切相关;联合检测其表达水平的变化对肺癌的早期诊断、恶性程度判断及基因介导治疗等方面均有重要指导意义。

ING1基因及p33 ING1b蛋白的研究进展

尽管生长抑制基因(ING)家族被发现不久,但研究认为它是公认的抑癌基因进化家族的一部分。ING1基因是这个家族的第一个成员,编码几个不同的mRNA变异体,产生一个蛋白家族。目前研究最多的蛋白亚型是p33ING1b,它与限制细胞生长和增殖、凋亡、肿瘤的非锚定生长、细胞衰老、维持基因组稳定和调节细胞周期调节点有关。ING1基因在肿瘤中很少发生突变,尽管p33ING1b的亚细胞位置可能影响它的功能。p33ING1b从胞核转移到胞质可能失去正常的细胞功能,很可能是一些肿瘤发病机制的中枢环节。

p33/ING1及其与口腔鳞癌的关系

抑癌基因IN G1定位于13q33～34,其与p53有相互依赖作用,参与p53介导的多种转录调控活动,能够抑制细胞的生长、促进细胞凋亡。研究发现在口腔鳞癌中存在p33/IN G1表达下调或p33/IN G1突变。本文就p33/IN G1的生物学性能及其与口腔鳞癌关系的研究新进展作一综述。

p33^(ING1)在头颈鳞癌中的研究进展

p33^(ING1)是一种重要的抑癌基因,具有抑制细胞生长,促使细胞老化.诱导细胞凋亡等功能,同时,它与p53之间存在协同作用。本文对p33^(ING1)在头颈鳞癌中的研究进展作一综述。

High-resolution genetic mapping and identification of candidate genes for the wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr8155B1

Stem rust,caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici(Pgt),threatens global wheat production.Development of cultivars with increased resistance to stem rust by identification,mapping,and deployment of resistance genes is the best strategy for controlling the disease.In this study,we performed fine mapping and characterization of the all-stage stem rust resistance(Sr)gene Sr8155B1 from the durum wheat line 8155-B1.In seedling tests of biparental populations,Sr8155B1 was effective against six Chinese Pgt races tested.In a segregating population of 5060 gametes,Sr8155B1 was mapped to a 0.06-cM region flanked by markers Pku2772 and Pku43365,corresponding to 1.5-and 2.7-Mb regions in the Svevo and Chinese Spring reference genomes.Both regions include several typical nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)and protein kinase genes that represent candidate genes.Among them,three NLR genes and three receptor-like protein kinases were highly polymorphic between the parental lines and their transcripts were upregulated in the homozygous resistant line TdR2 relative to its susceptible sister line TdS4.Four markers(Pku2772,Pku43365,Pku2950,and Pku3721)developed in this study,together with seedling resistance responses,correctly predicted Sr8155B1 absence or presence in 78 tetraploid wheat genotypes tested.The presence of Sr8155B1 in tetraploid wheat accessions CItr 14916,PI 197492,and PI 197493 was confirmed by mapping in three F_(2)populations.The genetic map and linked markers developed in this study may accelerate the deployment of Sr8155B1-mediated resistance in wheat breeding programs.

Regulatory role of NFAT1 signaling in articular chondrocyteactivities and osteoarthritis pathogenesis

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of joint disease, is characterized clinically by joint pain, stiffness,and deformity. OA is now considered a whole joint disease;however, the breakdown of the articular cartilage remains themajor hallmark of the disease. Current treatments targeting OA symptoms have a limited impact on impeding orreversing the OA progression. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying OA development isa critical barrier to progress in OA therapy. Recent studies by the current authors’ group and others have revealedthat the nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFAT1), a member of the NFAT family of transcription factors, regulatesthe expression of many anabolic and catabolic genes in articular chondrocytes of adult mice. Mice lacking NFAT1exhibit normal skeletal development but display OA in both appendicular and spinal facet joints as adults. Thisreview mainly focuses on the recent advances in the regulatory role of NFAT1 transcription factor in the activities ofarticular chondrocytes and its implication in the pathogenesis of OA.

食管癌中候选抑癌基因ING1突变的研究

目的 探讨候选抑癌基因ING1在食管癌发生、发展的作用。方法 用逆转录PCR (RT PCR)和免疫组织化学技术分别检测 3 1例食管鳞状细胞癌 (ESCC)中ING1mRNA和蛋白的表达情况 ;直接测序法检测RT PCR产物的基因变异 ;将染色体 13 q末端的微卫星位点作杂合性缺失 (LOH)分析。 结果 ( 1)几乎所有的肿瘤组织和相应的正常组织都有ING1mRNA表达 ,肿瘤组织中 ,一些表达ING1a少些 ,一些表达ING1b少些 ,但两亚型之间没有明显差别。( 2 )ING1蛋白的表达在肿瘤组织中均为阴性 ,而相应的正常组织中均为阳性。 ( 3 )在 3 1例中发现 4例为体细胞错义突变 ,2例为隐匿突变。 ( 4 ) 3 1例中有 17例 ( 5 5 % )出现LOH ,每一个位置的LOH的发生频率 >3 9%。结论 食管癌中ING1基因的突变和杂合性缺失可能影响它的转录和表达 ,它的表达减少与食管癌的发生、发展有关。

散发性结直肠癌组织p33ING1b启动子甲基化情况及其意义

目的检测散发性结直肠癌组织p33ING1b启动子甲基化情况,探讨p33ING1b在散发性结直肠癌中转录抑制的可能机制。方法选择2008年10月—2012年3月在广西医科大学第一附属医院结直肠肛门外科住院的散发性结直肠癌患者63例,收集其癌组织及相应癌旁组织切除标本;同时选择在我院行吻合器痔上黏膜环切术(PPH)患者13例,收集其术后痔上黏膜组织。采用巢式-甲基化特异性PCR(nMSP法)检测p33ING1b启动子甲基化情况,RT-PCR检测癌组织p33ING1b mRNA表达水平;采用5-氮-2-脱氧胞苷(5-aza-dC)对人结直肠癌细胞株DLD-1、Caco-2进行去甲基化干预实验。结果癌组织p33ING1b启动子甲基化阳性率为82.5%(52/63),癌旁组织为34.2%(27/63),痔上黏膜组织未检测出p33ING1b启动子甲基化,癌组织p33ING1b启动子甲基化阳性率高于癌旁组织和痔上黏膜组织(χ2=21.21,P<0.001;χ2=33.98,P<0.001)。不同性别、年龄、肿瘤位置、分化程度及有无淋巴结转移、远处转移患者癌组织p33ING1b启动子甲基化阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同Dukes分期患者癌组织p33ING1b启动子甲基化阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。p33ING1b启动子甲基化癌组织p33ING1b mRNA相对表达量为(0.62±0.15),低于p33ING1b启动子非甲基化癌组织的(0.75±0.17)(t=2.553,P<0.05)。5-aza-dC干预后,人结直肠癌细胞株DLD-1、Caco-2的p33ING1b启动子甲基化均被逆转,且p33ING1b mRNA相对表达量较干预前升高(P<0.05)。结论 p33ING1b启动子甲基化与散发性结直肠癌存在关联,并可能通过抑制p33ING1b mRNA的表达参与结直肠癌的发生和发展。

食管癌发生发展过程中P33/ING1、Survivin蛋白的表达

目的 :探讨食管癌发生发展过程中P33/ING1、Survivin蛋白的表达及其与食管癌病理特征的关系。方法 :采用免疫组化SP法检测P33/ING1、Survivin蛋白在 6 0例食管癌手术后大体标本中食管正常黏膜、单纯增生、不典型增生、原位癌及浸润癌组织的表达。结果 :P33/ING1蛋白从正常黏膜→单纯增生→不典型增生→原位癌→浸润癌呈渐进性低表达 ,而Survivin蛋白则呈渐进性高表达。正常黏膜与不典型增生、原位癌及浸润癌中P33/ING1、Survivin蛋白的表达差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;P33/ING1蛋白表达情况与食管癌分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关 (P <0 .0 5 )。食管浸润癌组织中P33/ING1蛋白的低表达与Survivin蛋白的高表达呈负相关 (r =- 0 .4 80 ,P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :P33/ING1、Survivin 2种蛋白与食管癌的发生发展密切相关 。