mRNA EXPRESSION OF PTEN AND VEGF GENES IN EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCER

Objective:To investigate the mRNA expression of PTEN and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes in ovarian cancer. Methods:We examined mRNA expression of PTEN and VEGF165 in normal ovary (n=5), ovarian cyst (n=5), ovarian borderline tumor (n=9), epithelial ovarian cancer (n=60) and ovarian cancer cell line (CAOV-3) by RT-PCR. Their expressions were compared with clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer. The relationship between their expressions was concerned in all ovarian samples as well. Results:mRNA expression level of PTEN gene was significantly lower in ovarian borderline tumor or ovarian cancer than that in normal ovary or ovarian cyst(P<0.05). It was negatively correlated with clinicopathological staging(P<0.05),whereas positively with histological differentiation (P<0.05). mRNA expression level of PTEN gene was significantly lower in ovarian endometrioid cancer than ovarian serous or mucinous cancer(P<0.05). mRNA expression level of VEGF165 gene was significantly higher in ovarian cancer than that in normal ovary or ovarian cyst(P<0.05). It was positively correlated with clinicopathological staging(P<0.05), whereas negatively with histological differentiation (P<0.05). mRNA expression level of VEGF165 gene was significantly higher in ovarian serous cancer than in other ovarian epithelial cancers (P<0.05). mRNA expression of VEGF165 gene was inversely correlated with mRNA expression level of PTEN gene. Conclusion:Down-regulated expression of PTEN and up-regulated expression of VEGF were considered as two important events in tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer and could be used as molecular markers to indicate the pathobiological behaviors of ovarian cancer. Decreased PTEN expression and increased VEGF expression were closely associated with tumorigenesis and pathobiological behaviors of ovarian endometrioid and serous cancer respectively. Reduced expression of PTEN gene might be involved in carcinogenesis and progression of ovarian cancer by up-regulating the VEGF expression to enhance angiogenesis.

EFFECTS OF MUTATION AND EXPRESSION OF PTEN GENEmRNA ON TUMORIGENESIS AND PROGRESSION OFEPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCER

Objective To investigate the mutation and expression of tumor suppressor gene-PTEN mRNA and explore their roles in tumorigenesis and progression of ovarian cancer. Methods Mutated exon 5 of PTEN gene was examined in normal ovary(n = 5), ovarian cyst (n =5), ovarian borderline tumor (n = 9), epithelial ovarian cancer(n = 60), and ovarian cancer cell line (n = 1)by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). mRNA expression of PTEN gene was evaluated in corresponding tissues and cell line by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The mutation and mRNA expression of PTEN gene were compared with clini-copathological features of ovarian cancer. Results Mutated exon 5 of PTEN gene was detected only in 5(7.1%)cases of epithelial ovarian cancer. mRNA expression level of PTEN gene in ovarian borderline tumor or ovarian cancer was lower than that in normal ovary or ovarian cyst(P < 0.05). The level of PTEN gene mRNA expression was negatively correlated with clinicopathological staging of ovarian cancer, whereas positively correlated with histological differentiation (P < 0.05). mRNA expression level of PTEN gene in ovarian endometrioid cancer was significantly lower than that in ovarian serous or mucinous cancer (P < 0.05=. Conclusions Mutation of PTEN gene occurs in ovarian cancer. Down-regulated expression of PTEN is probably an important molecular event in tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer. Abnormal expression of PTEN gene is involved in progression of ovarian cancer. Reduced expression of PTEN gene is closely associated with tumorigenesis and pathobiological behaviors of ovarian endometrioid cancer.

Inactivation of PTEN is associated with increased angiogenesis and VEGF overexpression in gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate the expression of PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), their roles in biologic behavior and angiogenesis and their association in gastric cancer.METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the expression of PTEN, VEGF and microvascular density (MVD) on paraffin-embedded sections in 70 patients with primary gastric cancer and 24 patients with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG). Expression of PTEN, VEGF and MVD were compared with clinicopathological features of gastric cancer. The relationship between expression of PTEN, VEGF and MVD as well as the relationship between PTEN and VEGF expression in caner cells were investigated. RESULTS: PTEN expression significantly decreased (t= 3.98, P<0.01) whereas both VEGF expression and MVD significant increased (t = 4.29 and 4.41, respectively, both P<0.01) in gastric cancer group compared with CSG group. PTEN expression was significantly down-regulated (t=1.95, P<0.05) whereas VEGF expression (t = 2.37, P<0.05) and MVD (t= 3.28, P<0.01) was significantly up-regulated in advanced gastric cancer compared with early-stage gastric cancer. PTEN expression in gastric cancer showed a negative association with lymph node metastasis (t= 3.91, P<0.01), invasion depth (t= 1.95, P<0.05) and age (t= 4.69, P<0.01). MVD in PTEN-negative gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in PTEN-positive gastric cancer (t=3.69, P<0.01), and there was a negative correlation betweenPTEN expression and MVD (γ=-0.363, P<0.05). VEGF expression was positively associated with invasion depth (especially with serosa invasion, t = 4.69, P<0.01), lymph node metastasis (t= 2.31, P<0.05) and TNM stage (t= 3.04, P<0.01). MVD in VEGF-positive gaslyic cancer was significantly higher than that in VEGF-negative gastric cancer (t=4.62, P<0.01), and there was a positive correlation between VEGF expression of and MVD (y = 0.512, P<0.05). VEGF expression in PTEN-negative gaslyic cancer was significantly stronger than that in PTEN-positive gastric cancer (t=2.61, P<0.05), and there was a significantly negative correlation between the expression of VEGF and PTEN (γ=-0.403, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Our results imply that inactivation of PTEN gene and over-expression of VEGF contribute to the neovascularization and progression of gastric cancer. PTEN-related angiogenesis might be attributed to its up-regulation of VEGF expression. PTEN and VEGF could be used as the markers reflecting the biologic behaviors of tumor and viable targets in therapeutic approaches to inhibit angiogenesis of gastric cancers.

Growth,invasion,metastasis,differentiation,angiogenesis and apoptosis of gastric cancer regulated by expression of PTEN encoding products

AIM: To investigate expression of PTEN in gastric cancer and to explore its roles in tumorigenesis and progression of gastric cancer.METHODS: Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues of adjacent non-tumor mucosa and primary foci from 113cases of gastric cancers were studied for the expression of PTEN and Caspase-3 andmicrovessel density (MVD)by streptavidin-peroxidase (S-P) immunohistochemistry with antibodies against PTEN, Caspase-3, and CD34. The relationship between PTEN and Caspase 3 expression and clinicopathological parameters of tumors was compared.RESULTS: Primary gastric cancer cells expressed PTEN less frequently than adjacent epithelial cells of primary foci (54.9％ vs89.4％; P=0.000, χ2=33.474). PTEN expression was significantly associated with invasive depth (P=0.003,rs=0.274), metastasis (P=0.036, rs=0.197), growth pattern (P=0.008, rs=0.282), Lauren′s classification (P=0.000,rs=0.345), and histological classification (P=0.005, rs=0.262)of tumors, but not with tumor size (P=0.639, rs=0.045),Borrmann′s classification (P=0.544, rs=0.070) or TNM staging (P=0.172, rs=0.129). PTEN expression was negatively correlated with MDV in primary gastric cancer (P=0.020,F=5.558). Primary gastric cancer cells showed less frequent immunoreactivity to Caspase-3 than adjacent epithelial cells of primary foci (32.7 ％ vs 50.4 ％; P=0.007,χ2=7.286).Caspase-3 expression was dependent of PTEN expression in primary gastric cancer cells (P=0.000, χ2=15.266).CONCLUSION: Down-regulated expression of PTEN plays an important role in tumorigenesis, progression, growth,differentiation and angiogenesis of gastric cancer. Low expression of PTEN can decrease expression of Caspase-3to disorder apoptosis of tumor cells, which might explain the molecular mechanisms of PTEN contributions to tumorigenesis and progression of gastric cancer.

PTEN encoding product:a marker for tumorigenesis and progression of gastric carcinoma

AIM: To detect the expression of PTEN encoding productin normal mucosa, intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia andcarcinoma of the stomach, and to investigate its clinicalimplication in tumorigenesis and progression of gastriccarcinoma.METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded specimens from184 cases of gastric carcinoma, their adjacent normal mucosa,IM and dysplasia were evaluated for PTEN protein expressionby SABC immunohistochemistry. PTEN expression wascompared with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, Lauren'sand WHO's histological classification of gastric carcinoma.Expression of VEGF was also detected in 60 cases of gastriccarcinoma and its correlation with PTEN was concerned.RESULTS: The positive rates of PTEN protein were 100 %(102/102), 98.5 %(65/66), 66.7 % (4/6) and 47.8 %(88/184)in normal mucosa, IM, dysplasia and carcinoma of the stomach,respectively. The positive rates in dysplasia and carcinomawere lower than in normal mucosa and IM (P＜0.01).Advanced gastric cancers expressed less frequent PTEN thanearly gastric cancer (42.9 % v567.6 %, P＜0.01). The positiverate of PTEN protein was lower in gastric cancer with thanwithout lymph node metastasis (40.3 % v563.3 %, P＜0.01).PTEN was less expressed in diffuse-type than in intestinal-type gastric cancer (41.5 % v557.8 %,P＜0.05). Signet ringcell carcinoma showed the expression of PTEN at the lowestlevel (25.0 %, 7/28); less than well and moderatelydifferentiated ones (P＜0.01). Expression of PTEN was notcorrelated with expression of VEGF (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: Loss or reduced expression of PTEN proteinoccures commonly in tumorigenesis and progression of gastriccarcinoma. It is suggested that PTEN can be an objective markerfor pathologically biological behaviors of gastric carcinoma.

Effect of Jianpi Jiedu Recipe on angiogenesis and the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the course of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer in C57BL/6 mice

Objective： To reveal the effect of Jianpi Jiedu recipe （JPJDR） on angiogenesis and the PTEN （Phosphatase and tensinhomolog deleted on chromosome ten）/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the course of H. pylori infection-inducedcarcinogenesis of gastric mucosa in C57BL/6 mice. Methods： Two-hundred C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided intofive groups （control group, model group, JPJDR low-dose group, JPJDR medium-dose group, and JPJDR high-dosegroup）, 40 in each group. A mouse model of gastric cancer, induced by H. pylori standard strain infection, wasestablished. The mice of JPJDR low-dose, middle-dose, and high-dose groups were intragastrically administered 250,500, and 1000 mg/kg JPJDR per day, respectively. After 72 weeks, the H. pylori infection in gastric mucosa of the micewas analyzed by rapid urease test; the pathological changes in the gastric mucosa of mice were assessed byhistopathological examination, and micro-vessel density （MVD）, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, andPTEN/PI3K/AKT levels were determined. Results： The incidence of gastric cancer in each group （control group, modelgroup, JPJDR low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose group） was 0%, 26.3%, 13.2%, 10%, and 7.5% respectively. Theincidence of gastric cancer in the Chinese medicine group was significantly lower than that of the model group （P =0.020, P = 0.023, P = 0.007）. The expression of MVD and VEGF in the model group was significantly higher than thatin the control group （P = 0.002, P 〈 0.001）, while the expression of MVD and VEGF decreased in the Chinese medicinegroup. The expression of p-PTEN and p-AKT in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group（All P 〈 0.001）, while Chinese medicine could reduce the expression of p-PTEN and p-AKT to varying extents.Conclusion： Long-term infection of C57BL/6 mice with H. pylori induces gastric carcinogenesis, by increasing gastricmucosal MVD, promoting the expression of VEGF, inhibiting the activity of PTEN, and activating the PI3K/AKTsignaling pathway. JPJDR can reduce the infection rate of H. pylori in mouse gastric mucosa, inhibit the expression ofMVD and VEGF, and reduce the inactivation of PTEN.

Comprehensive analysis of the potential pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection and liver cancer

BACKGROUND A growing number of clinical examples suggest that coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)appears to have an impact on the treatment of patients with liver cancer compared to the normal population,and the prevalence of COVID-19 is significantly higher in patients with liver cancer.However,this mechanism of action has not been clarified.Gene sets for COVID-19(GSE180226)and liver cancer(GSE87630)were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.After identifying the common differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of COVID-19 and liver cancer,functional enrichment analysis,protein-protein interaction network construction and scree-ning and analysis of hub genes were performed.Subsequently,the validation of the differential expression of hub genes in the disease was performed and the regulatory network of transcription factors and hub genes was constructed.RESULTS Of 518 common DEGs were obtained by screening for functional analysis.Fifteen hub genes including aurora kinase B,cyclin B2,cell division cycle 20,cell division cycle associated 8,nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1,etc.,were further identified from DEGs using the“cytoHubba”plugin.Functional enrichment analysis of hub genes showed that these hub genes are associated with P53 signalling pathway regulation,cell cycle and other functions,and they may serve as potential molecular markers for COVID-19 and liver cancer.Finally,we selected 10 of the hub genes for in vitro expression validation in liver cancer cells.CONCLUSION Our study reveals a common pathogenesis of liver cancer and COVID-19.These common pathways and key genes may provide new ideas for further mechanistic studies.

PTEN coding product:a new marker for tumorigenesis and progession of endometrial carcinoma

Objective:To investigate the expression of PTEN in carcinogenesis and development of endometrial carcinoma.Methods:The expression of PTEN was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)methods from 24 cases with endometrial carcinoma,10 cases with endometrial atypical hyperplasia,10 cases with endometrial hyperplasia and 10 cases with normal endometrium and by SP immunohistochemical methods from 73 cases with endometrial carcinoma,25 cases with endometrial atypical hyperplasia,71 cases with endometrial hyperplasia and 31 cases with normal endometrium.Results:PTEN expression of both RNA and protein in patients with endometrial carcinoma and endometrial atypical hyperplasia was significantly lower than that of patients with endometrial hyperplasia and normal endometrium.mRNA relative value was 0.35±0.13,0.46±0.11,2.32±0.32,2.45±0.51,respectively.Loss of PTEN expression rates were 66.67%(38/57),76.00%(19/25),5.63%(4/71),0(0/31),repectively.The results were also compared with clinical parameters.Loss of PTEN expression in patients with endometrial carcinoma was significantly related to histological classification(P<0.0001)and differentiation(P<0.05).It was not related to depth of myometrium invasion and clinical stage(P>0.05).Conclusion:Loss of PTEN expression is an early event in endometrial tumorigenesis.Detection of PTEN protein may be a diagnostic biomarker for endometrial precancers and adenocarcinoma.

PTEN基因突变Cowden综合征相关单侧多中心乳腺癌及同时性、异时性双侧乳腺癌3例

10号染色体上磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物(phosphatase and tensin-homolog deleted on chromosome 10,PTEN)是重要的抑癌基因,其突变可引发PTEN错构瘤肿瘤综合征(PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome,PHTS),常被称为Cowden综合征,是较为罕见的遗传性肿瘤综合征,其与早发性、多发性乳腺癌高度相关。本文报道3例PTEN基因突变相关单侧多中心乳腺癌及同时性、异时性双侧乳腺癌患者,并总结其临床表现、病理特征、诊治经验及随访情况,旨在为临床医生更好地诊治PTEN基因突变相关乳腺癌及Cowden综合征人群提供借鉴。

Role of genetic abnormalities of PTEN and the phosphatidylinositol 3kinase pathway in breast and ovarian cancer tumorigenesis,prognosis and therapy

Breast and ovarian cancers exhibit several similar epidemiologic, genotypic and phenotypic characteristics suggesting that similar underlying genetic defects may contribute to the development of both tumor types. Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and the PTEN tumor suppressor gene product phosphorylate and dephosphorylate the same 3' site in the inositol ring of membrane phosphatidylinositols. Germline mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene are causative of the Cowden's breast cancer predisposition syndrome and PTEN is frequently mutated or expressed at decreased levels in sporadic breast cancers. PTEN is also frequently mutated in gliomas, prostate cancer, endometrioid ovarian cancer and

DNMTl - mediated PTEN hypermethylation confers HSCs activation and fibrogenesis in rat liver

Hepatic stellate cell （HSC） activation is an essential event during liver fibrogene- sis. Phosphatase and tension homolog deleted on chromosome 10 （PTEN）, a tumor suppressor, is a negative regulator of this process. PTEN promoter hypermethylation is a major epigenetic si- lencing mechanism in tumors. The present study aimed to investigate whether PTEN promoter methylation was involved in HSCs activation and liver fibrosis, we observed that hypermethyla- tion of PTEN gene was responsible for the decrease of PTEN expression during HSCs

山竹子素通过调控PTEN在宫颈癌中发挥抑癌作用

目的:探讨山竹子素是否通过调控PTEN在宫颈癌中发挥抑癌作用。方法:Immunoblotting检测PTEN表达水平。利用CRISPR/Cas9技术建立PTEN敲除的宫颈癌细胞模型。CCK-8和EdU染色方法检测细胞生长和增殖。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平。划痕实验检测细胞迁移。Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭。利用PTEN敲除宫颈癌细胞来构建荷瘤小鼠模型,检测山竹子素对肿瘤形成和生长的影响。免疫组化检测移植瘤组织中PTEN表达和Ki-67增殖水平。结果:山竹子素可以显著上调宫颈癌细胞中PTEN的蛋白表达水平(P<0.01)。转染Cas9-PTEN质粒至宫颈癌细胞中可以显著下调PTEN表达(P<0.01)。在野生型宫颈癌细胞中,山竹子素可以显著抑制细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,同时诱导细胞凋亡(P<0.01)。在PTEN敲除的宫颈癌细胞中,山竹子素则对宫颈癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和凋亡,无明显影响(P>0.05)。PTEN敲除可阻断山竹子素对裸鼠体内异种移植瘤生长的抑制作用。结论:山竹子素通过调控PTEN在宫颈癌中发挥抑癌作用。

多囊卵巢综合征患者卵巢颗粒细胞miR-144-3p及其靶基因PTEN的表达及作用研究

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征患者(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)卵巢颗粒细胞miR-144-3p及其靶基因PTEN的表达及作用。方法选取2020年10月至2022年3月在淮安市妇幼保健院生殖医学科行IVF/ICSI治疗的20例PCOS患者作为研究对象即为PCOS组,选取行IVF/ICSI治疗的输卵管因素或男方因素患者20例作为对照组。收集两组患者颗粒细胞,并分析颗粒细胞miR-144-3p的表达情况。利用Tar-getScan数据库预测miR-144-3p的靶基因,并采用双荧光素酶活性检测验证靶基因。复苏人卵巢颗粒细胞(ovarian granulosa cells,KGN),转染并建立miR-144-3p模拟物组、模拟物阴性对照组、miR-144-3p抑制物组、抑制物阴性对照组、si-PTEN和siRNA-NC组。采用流式细胞仪检测各组的细胞凋亡情况,RT-PCR及蛋白质印迹技术检测颗粒细胞中miR-144-3p、PTEN mRNA及蛋白的表达情况。结果RT-PCR结果显示P-COS组miR-144-3p表达水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05),流式细胞仪检测结果显示miR-144-3p mimic组的颗粒细胞凋亡百分比显著低于mimic-NC组(P<0.05),miR-144-3p inhibitor组颗粒细胞凋亡水平显著高于inhibitor-NC组(P<0.05)。生物信息学预测miR-144-3p的靶基因为PTEN,荧光素酶结合实验证实miR-144-3p能特异结合PTEN-3′UTR并下调PTEN基因表达。RT-PCR测定结果显示PCOS组PTEN mRNA表达显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且与miR-144-3p表达水平呈负相关(r=-0.91,P<0.001)。qRT-PCR及蛋白质印迹检测结果显示与mimic NC组相比,miR-144-3p mimic组中PTEN mRNA及蛋白表达量显著低于mimic NC组(P<0.05)。miR-144-3p inhibitor组PTEN mRNA及蛋白表达量显著高于inhibitor NC组(P<0.05)。流式细胞仪检测结果显示si-PTEN组颗粒细胞凋亡水平显著低于siRNA-NC组(P<0.05),而miR-144-3p inhibitor+si-PTEN组的颗粒细胞凋亡比例显著低于miR-144-3p inhibitor组(P<0.05)。结论PCOS患者卵巢颗粒细胞miR-144-3p表达水平显著降低,而PTEN基因表达水平显著增高,进而促进PCOS患者卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡。

Identification of hub genes associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus:A pilot bioinformatics study

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is related to various extragastric diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the possible mechanisms connecting H.pylori infection and T2DM remain unknown.AIM To explore potential molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.METHODS We extracted gene expression arrays from three online datasets(GSE60427,GSE27411 and GSE115601).Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)commonly present in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM were identified.Hub genes were validated using human gastric biopsy samples.Correlations between hub genes and immune cell infiltration,miRNAs,and transcription factors(TFs)were further analyzed.RESULTS A total of 67 DEGs were commonly presented in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM.Five significantly upregulated hub genes,including TLR4,ITGAM,C5AR1,FCER1G,and FCGR2A,were finally identified,all of which are closely related to immune cell infiltration.The gene-miRNA analysis detected 13 miRNAs with at least two gene cross-links.TF-gene interaction networks showed that TLR4 was coregulated by 26 TFs,the largest number of TFs among the 5 hub genes.CONCLUSION We identified five hub genes that may have molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of H.pylori-induced onset of T2DM.

基于PTEN/PI3K/Akt信号通路探讨糖通饮对糖尿病肾病大鼠足细胞损伤的保护作用

目的探讨糖通饮对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠足细胞损伤的保护作用。方法高脂高糖饮食联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)多次注射建立DN大鼠模型,并随机分为模型组、厄贝沙坦组(13.5mg/kg)和糖通饮低、中、高剂量组(930、1860、3720mg/kg),另设置正常组,各组灌胃给予相应剂量药物,每天1次,连续8周。检测各组大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、24h尿蛋白(24-hUP)、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)水平,HE染色观察各组大鼠肾组织病理形态学改变,透射电子显微镜观察肾足细胞超微结构变化,RT-qPCR法检测肾组织PTEN、PI3K、Akt、nephrin、podocin、CD2APmRNA表达,Westernblot法检测肾组织PTEN、PI3K、Akt、p-Akt、nephrin、podocin、CD2AP蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,糖通饮各剂量组FBG、24-hUP、Scr、BUN水平降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),肾组织病理形态和足细胞超微结构得到改善,PTEN、nephrin、podocin、CD2APmRNA和蛋白表达升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),p-Akt蛋白表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);糖通饮中、高剂量组PI3K、AktmRNA和蛋白表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论糖通饮对DN大鼠肾组织足细胞有保护作用,其机制可能与调节PTEN/PI3K/Akt信号通路有关。

靶向调控PTEN和PI3K对肾母细胞瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探讨靶向调控张力蛋白同源物(PTEN)和磷脂酰肌醇激酶(PI3K)对肾母细胞瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及其机制。方法选取15例肾母细胞瘤患儿的术后肿瘤组织及癌旁正常组织,采用免疫印迹实验及实时荧光定量PCR方法检测组织中PTEN和PI3K蛋白及mRNA的表达水平;将肾母细胞瘤SK-NEP-1细胞分为对照组(A组,转染NC siRNA及Flag空载体)、PTEN过表达组(B组,转染NC siRNA及Flag-PTEN表达载体)、PI3K敲低组(C组,转染siPI3K及Flag空载体)、联合靶向组(D组,转染siPI3K及Flag-PTEN)。采用免疫印迹实验检测各组转染24 h后SK-NEP-1细胞中PI3K、蛋白激酶A(AKT)及磷酸化蛋白激酶A(p-AKT)的表达水平;采用CCK-8实验检测干预第24、48、72小时时SK-NEP-1细胞增殖情况;采用流式细胞术分析各组SK-NEP-1细胞转染24 h后细胞凋亡率及细胞周期。结果与癌旁正常组织相比,肾母细胞瘤肿瘤组织中PI3K蛋白及mRNA表达水平均显著升高(t=22.862、7.098,P<0.05),PTEN蛋白及mRNA表达水平均显著降低(t=25.634、8.379,P<0.05);体外细胞实验结果显示,B、C、D组SK-NEP-1细胞中p-AKT蛋白水平明显低于A组(t=8.386~11.900,P<0.05);CCK-8实验显示,干预第48、72小时时,B、C、D组SK-NEP-1细胞吸光度值明显低于A组(t=5.163~8.647,P<0.05),干预第72小时时,D组SK-NEP-1细胞吸光度值明显低于B、C组(t=3.982、4.021,P<0.05);B、C、D组SK-NEP-1细胞早期凋亡率和晚期凋亡率均明显高于A组(t=4.673~9.563,P<0.05),D组SK-NEP-1细胞早期凋亡率和晚期凋亡率明显高于B、C组(t=5.829~8.075,P<0.05);B、C、D组SK-NEP-1细胞G 1期细胞比例明显高于A组(t=7.518~14.747,P<0.05),S期细胞比例明显低于A组(t=8.029~13.451,P<0.05),D组SK-NEP-1细胞G 1期细胞比例明显高于B、C组(t=9.930、9.732,P<0.05),S期细胞比例明显低于B、C组(t=10.281、9.927,P<0.05)。结论相比于单一靶向PTEN或PI3K,联合靶向调控PTEN和PI3K可更显著抑制肾母细胞瘤细胞生长,促进肾母细胞瘤细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与其抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路、阻断细胞周期有关。

肝细胞癌超声特征与病情严重程度及抑癌基因PTEN和Tg737表达的关系探究

目的探讨肝细胞癌(HCC)超声特征与病情严重程度及抑癌基因PTEN和Tg737表达的关系。方法选取2022年1月至2023年1月于我院确诊为HCC的患者102例作为HCC组,本院体检健康的70例志愿者作为健康组。对比两组超声造影参数[达峰时间(TIP)、峰值强度(PI)水平],采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测肝细胞癌患者组织中PTEN、Tg737基因的表达,探讨HCC患者超声特征与病情严重程度、超声特征与抑癌基因PTEN、Tg737的关系。结果HCC组患者TTP小于健康组(P<0.05),PI水平大于健康组(P<0.05)。102例HCC患者中早期组42例,晚期组60例。早期组患者TTP大于晚期组(P<0.05),PI水平小于晚期组(P<0.05)。对比两组超声征象,结果显示:肿瘤最大直径、肿瘤边缘、肿瘤内部液化情况、肿瘤门脉内癌栓情况、肿瘤血供及淋巴结转移均与HCC患者病情严重程度密切相关(P<0.05),肿瘤的不同回声类型与HCC患者病情严重程度无明显关联(P>0.05)。早期组患者PTEN、Tg737均高于晚期组(P<0.05)。肿瘤最大直径≤3 cm、肿瘤边缘清晰、肿瘤内部液化坏死、肿瘤血供丰富HCC患者抑癌基因PTEN、Tg737表达水平均较高(P<0.05),肿瘤门脉内有癌栓、淋巴结转移患者抑癌基因PTEN、Tg737表达水平均低于肿瘤门脉内无癌栓、淋巴结未转移患者(P<0.05),不同肿瘤回声类型HCC患者抑癌基因PTEN、Tg737表达水平无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论超声特征与HCC患者病情严重程度、抑癌基因PTEN、Tg737表达水平之间有一定的关系,检测超声造影参数对诊断和评估HCC患者病情有一定的临床价值。

基于PTEN与JAK对PI3K/Akt信号通路的影响探讨加味小蓟饮子治疗急性放射性膀胱炎的作用机制

目的:探讨加味小蓟饮子治疗急性放射性膀胱炎的作用机制。方法:50只ICR小鼠随机分为空白组12只和造模组38只。采用X射线辐照仪造模,造模后随机取2只小鼠处死鉴定模型是否成功。将剩余造模组小鼠随机分为模型组、小蓟饮子组和加味小蓟饮子组各12只。空白组、模型组、小蓟饮子组、加味小蓟饮子组分别予0.9%氯化钠、0.9%氯化钠、小蓟饮子药液,加味小蓟饮子药液灌胃处理,每日1次,连续7 d。末次灌胃后24 h处死取材,酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法检测血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)含量。Western Blot法检测小鼠膀胱丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(AKT)、E钙粘着蛋白(E-Cadherin)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、JAK激酶(JAK)、核转录因子红系2相关因子2(Nrf2)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)、人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶(PTEN)、Smad蛋白2(Smad2)、Smad蛋白3(Smad3)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、尿斑蛋白3(Upk3)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白相对表达水平;实时荧光免疫定量-聚合酶链式反应法(RT-PCR)法检测小鼠膀胱微RNA-21(MicroRNA-21,miR-21)、PTEN、JAK、PI3K、AKT、Nrf2信使核糖核酸(mRNA)相对表达水平。结果:相较模型组,加味小蓟饮子组小鼠体内SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC、AKT、E-Cadherin、JAK、Nrf2、PI3K、Upk3含量升高(P<0.05),MDA、ET-1、PTEN、Smad2、Smad3、TGF-β1、VEGF含量下降(P<0.05);与模型组和小蓟饮子组比较,加味小蓟饮子miR-21 mRNA表达升高(P<0.05)。结论:加味小蓟饮子组可能通过上调miR-21表达,同调PTEN、JAK蛋白以激活下游PI3K/AKT/Nrf2信号通路治疗急性放射性膀胱炎。

血必净注射液通过PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路对大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的:探讨血必净注射液对肺缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其相关机制。方法:选择18只健康成年雄性大鼠,随机分为正常对照组(Sham组)、肺缺血再灌注组(LIR组)、血必净注射液组(XBJ组),采用开胸夹闭左肺门构建肺缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型,苏木素—伊红染色观察各组大鼠肺组织病理学改变,检测各组大鼠肺组织湿/干重比(W/D)及肺组织炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α水平,Western Blot检测各组肺组织PTEN、PI3K、Akt、mTOR、LC3-Ⅰ、LC3-Ⅱ、p62蛋白表达,qRT-PCR检测各组肺组织PTEN、PI3K、Akt、mTOR mRNA表达。结果:血必净注射液可显著减轻肺缺血再灌注大鼠肺组织损伤,降低缺血再灌注大鼠肺组织W/D及IL-1β、TNF-α含量(P<0.05)。与Sham组相比,LIR组、XBJ组PTEN、PI3K、Akt、mTOR、LC3-Ⅰ、LC3-Ⅱ、p62表达均升高(P<0.05);与LIR组相比,XBJ组PTEN、LC3-Ⅰ、LC3-Ⅱ、p62表达降低(P<0.05),PI3K、Akt、mTOR表达升高(P<0.05)。与Sham组相比,LIR组、XBJ组PTEN、PI3K、Akt、mTOR mRNA表达升高(P<0.05);与LIR组相比,XBJ组PTEN mRNA表达降低(P<0.05),PI3K、Akt、mTOR mRNA表达升高(P<0.05)。结论:血必净注射液可能通过抑制PTEN,激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路抑制肺缺血再灌注损伤自噬水平,从而改善肺缺血再灌注损伤,达到保护肺组织的作用。

Key genes and regulatory networks for diabetic retinopathy based on hypoxia-related genes:a bioinformatics analysis

AIM:To prevent neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy(DR)patients and partially control disease progression.METHODS:Hypoxia-related differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified from the GSE60436 and GSE102485 datasets,followed by gene ontology(GO)functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis.Potential candidate drugs were screened using the CMap database.Subsequently,a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed to identify hypoxia-related hub genes.A nomogram was generated using the rms R package,and the correlation of hub genes was analyzed using the Hmisc R package.The clinical significance of hub genes was validated by comparing their expression levels between disease and normal groups and constructing receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)curves.Finally,a hypoxia-related miRNA-transcription factor(TF)-Hub gene network was constructed using the NetworkAnalyst online tool.RESULTS:Totally 48 hypoxia-related DEGs and screened 10 potential candidate drugs with interaction relationships to upregulated hypoxia-related genes were identified,such as ruxolitinib,meprylcaine,and deferiprone.In addition,8 hub genes were also identified:glycogen phosphorylase muscle associated(PYGM),glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase spermatogenic(GAPDHS),enolase 3(ENO3),aldolase fructose-bisphosphate C(ALDOC),phosphoglucomutase 2(PGM2),enolase 2(ENO2),phosphoglycerate mutase 2(PGAM2),and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3(PFKFB3).Based on hub gene predictions,the miRNA-TF-Hub gene network revealed complex interactions between 163 miRNAs,77 TFs,and hub genes.The results of ROC showed that the except for GAPDHS,the area under curve(AUC)values of the other 7 hub genes were greater than 0.758,indicating their favorable diagnostic performance.CONCLUSION:PYGM,GAPDHS,ENO3,ALDOC,PGM2,ENO2,PGAM2,and PFKFB3 are hub genes in DR,and hypoxia-related hub genes exhibited favorable diagnostic performance.