Bcl-2 Interacts with Beclin 1 and Regulates Autophagy in 7,12- Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-Induced Hamster Buccal-Pouch Squamous-Cell Tumorigenesis

Objective:Autophagy is a programmed cell death procedure,which has essential functions in tumorigenesis.However,its temporal expression and function under different status are yet to be determined.This study aims to investigate the temporal expression of autophagy and its possible function in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene(DMBA)-induced hamster buccal-pouch cancer model(HBPCM).Methods:A total of 50 hamster buccal-pouch tumorigenesis models were established by painting DMBA for 4,8,10 and 13 weeks.The expression and subcellular localization of LC3,Beclin 1 and Bcl-2 in buccal lesions were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.DNA damage was observed by immunohistochemical staining of 8-oHdG.The relationship between Beclin 1 and Bcl-2 was analyzed by immunofluorescence colocalization.Results:The expression levels of LC3 and Beclin 1 associated with autophagy in the experimental buccal pouch of HBPCM were significantly upregulated after 4 weeks(P<0.05),but gradually downregulated after 13 weeks of HBPCM induction.By contrast,the expression level of Bcl-2 was significantly upregulated after 13 weeks.The co-localized regions of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1 peaked after 4 weeks and then decreased gradually.The DNA damage in epithelial cells increased slightly after 4 weeks,and then rapidly decreased over the next 2 months.Conclusion:Autophagy is motivated by a tumor suppressor that diminishes carcinogen-induced DNA damage.However,autophagy is gradually suppressed,which may be attributed to the interaction between Bcl-2 and Beclin 1.This result indicates that the promotion of autophagy may suppress malignant transformation and provide new insights on future potential treatments of HBPCM.

The Expression of Apoptosis-Related Genes Bcl-2 and Bax Protein and Apoptosis Positivity in Cervical Carcinoma during Irradiation

To evaluate the apoptosis positivity, the expression of Bcl-2, bax proteinsin 30 patients with squamous cell cervix carcinoma before and after radiotherapy. Methods: By usingimmuno-histochemical and TDT-dUTP nick end labelling techniques, 30 cases of squamous cell cervicalcarcinoma were analyzed. Results: The apoptosis positivity before and after irradiation was 76.7%and 100% respectively, with the difference being significant (P 【 0.05); The positive rates of Bcl-2protein before and after irradiation were 73.3% and 46.7% respectively, with the difference beingsignificant (P 【 0.05); The positive rates of bax protein before and after irradiation were 86% and100% respectively, with the difference being significant (P 【 0.05). Conclusion: bax and Bcl-2protein play an important role in apoptosis induced by fractionated radiation therapy. Apoptosisinduced by irradiation is contributed to upregulation of bax protein or downregulation of Bcl-2protein.

Identification of hub genes associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus:A pilot bioinformatics study

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is related to various extragastric diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the possible mechanisms connecting H.pylori infection and T2DM remain unknown.AIM To explore potential molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.METHODS We extracted gene expression arrays from three online datasets(GSE60427,GSE27411 and GSE115601).Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)commonly present in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM were identified.Hub genes were validated using human gastric biopsy samples.Correlations between hub genes and immune cell infiltration,miRNAs,and transcription factors(TFs)were further analyzed.RESULTS A total of 67 DEGs were commonly presented in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM.Five significantly upregulated hub genes,including TLR4,ITGAM,C5AR1,FCER1G,and FCGR2A,were finally identified,all of which are closely related to immune cell infiltration.The gene-miRNA analysis detected 13 miRNAs with at least two gene cross-links.TF-gene interaction networks showed that TLR4 was coregulated by 26 TFs,the largest number of TFs among the 5 hub genes.CONCLUSION We identified five hub genes that may have molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of H.pylori-induced onset of T2DM.

Study of the expressions of p53 and bcl-2 genes, the telomerase activity and apoptosis in GIST patients

AIM： To explore the relationship between clinicobiological behavior and the expression levels of telomerase activity, apoptosis, p53 gene and bcl-2 gene in gastrointestinal stromal tumors （GISTs）. METHODS： The intensity of telomerase activity, apoptosis, p53 and bcl-2 expression in GISTs were detected by telomeric repeat amplification protocol, in situ end-labeling technique, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS： The positive rates of telomerase activity of malignant GIST, potential malignant GIST and benign GIST were 85% （17/20）, 22.8% （2/9） and 0 （0/9）, respectively. The apoptosis indices of malignant GIST, potential malignant GIST, and benign GIST were 11.7±5.4, 30.2±5.6 and 45.2 ±7.2, respectively. The intensity of telomerase activity and apoptosis were related to the biological characteristics of GISTs （85% vs 22.8%, 0, 0; P 〈 0.01 or 11.7±5.4 vs 30.2±5.6, 45.2±7.2, 72.1±9.3; P 〈 0.05）. The intensity of telomerase activity was negatively correlated with cellular apoptosis （22.9±8.4 vs 9.5±5.7, P 〈 0.01）. The intensity of telomerase activity was positively correlated with/753, bcl-2 expression （40.0% vs 78.9%, 40.0% vs 84.2%; P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The detection of telomerase activity, apoptosis and its control genes in GIST will be helpful for the discrimination of the malignant and benign GIST and evaluation of the prognosis.

Difference in Expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl Genes in Cisplatin-sensitive and Cisplatin-resistant Human in Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines

To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl gene in sensitive (A2780) and drug-resistance (AD6) human ovarian cancer cell lines and explore the molecular mechanism of multidrug resistance, A2780 and AD6 were detected by using DNA gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Our results showed that (1)'DNA ladder ' was observed in A2780 and AD6 after cisplatin treatment; (2) after 3.0, 6.0, 9.9 μg/ml of cisplatin treatment, a significant difference was noted in the rate of apoptosis between in A2780 and AD6 (P<0.05); (3) Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl genes were overexpressed in AD6. After cisplatin treatment, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl genes was down-regulated in A2780 and AD6. It is concluded that cisplatin could induce the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, and the over-expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl genes may contribute to apoptotic inhibition and the development of multidrug-resistance of human ovarian cancer.

Protective Effect of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane on Ischemic Neurons and Expression of Bcl-2 and ICE Genes in Rat Brain

Objective To study the protective effect of volatile anesthetics, isoflurane and sevoflurane, on ischemic neurons after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods Rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was developed by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery （MCA） and bilateral common carotid arteries （CCAs） 1 h after reperfusion. Using flow cytometry （FCM） and Northern blot hybridization, we calculated the number of apoptotic bodies and detected the expression of bcl-2 mRNA and interleukin-113 converting enzyme （ICE） mRNA. Results The apoptotic bodies in hippocampus analyzed by FCM peaked at appeared 24 h after reperfusion, and decreased about 54% and 40%, respectively, after treatment with isoflurane and sevoflurane, as compared with ischemic group. There was no significant difference in the expression of bcl-2 mRNA and ICE mRNA between the inhaled anesthetic groups and ischemic group in hippocampus 24 h after MCA/CCAs occlusion. Conclusion Isoflurane and sevoflurane partially inhibit apoptosis but have no significant effect on the expression of bcl-2 and ICE genes.

THE OVEREXPRESSION OF APOPTOSIS-RELATED GENES OF P_53 AND BCL-2 IN CERVICAL CARCINOMA

Objective To investigate the significance of overexpression of p5s and bcl-2 protein in carcinogene- sis of cervix. Methods 10 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasis(CIN) and 57 cases of invasive cancer were in- vestigated with immunohistochemistry technique. Results The overexpresion or P53 protein ir CIN and cervical can- cer was significantly higher than that or control, respectively (P<0.01). But there was no significant difference be- tween CIN and cervical cancer(P>0.05). The immunoreactivity of bcl-2 in CIN was much more higher than that of control (P<0.05). The positive rate and immunoreactivity of bcl-2 in cervical carcinoma were both remarkably high- er than those of control (P<0.0l),but there was no significant difference between CIN and cervical carcinoma (P> 0.05). It was also found that there was a remarkably positive correlation between the overexpression of bcl-2 and P53 (P<0.01). Conclusion Because of the loss of wtP53 function,the expression of bcl-2 can not be down-reguated, which is associated with the pathogenesis and development of cervical carcinoma.

Expression of Bcl-2 and Survivin in uterine cervical carcinogenesis and correlation between the expression and infection of HPV_(16/18)

To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 and Survivin and HPV16/18 infection in uterine cervical carcinogenesis, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from cervical carcinomas, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia （C1N） and normal cervical tissues were studied. Using streptavidin-biotin peroxidase （S- P） immunohistochemical technique, the authors examined the expression of Bcl-2 and Survivin in these specimens. The number of apoptosis cells was assessed in situ by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin end labeling （TUNEL） method. The infection of HPV type 16, 18 DNA were determined by PCR. It was found that there were significant differences in Bcl-2, Survivin and apoptotic index （AI） between cervical carcinomas, CIN and normal cervical tissues, respectively. Expression of Bcl-2 and AI were correlated with tu- mor grades, clinical stages and lymph node metastasis and expression of Survivin was associated with tu- mor grades and lymph node metastasis. There were different positive rate of HPV^s between cervical car- cinomas, C1N and normal tissues and were not associated with tumor grades, clinical stages and lymph node metastasis. The infection of HPV16/18 was associated with the expression of Bcl-2, Survivin and AI, respectively. It was concluded that the abnormal expression of Bcl-2, Survivin and infection of HPV16/18 were associated with cervical carcinomas. They possibly can be useful indexes for the primary screening and prognosis of cervical carcinomas.

Regulatory potential of soil available carbon,nitrogen,and functional genes on N_(2)O emissions in two upland plantation systems

Dynamic nitrification and denitrification processes are affected by changes in soil redox conditions,and they play a vital role in regulating soil N_(2)O emissions in rice-based cultivation.It is imperative to understand the influences of different upland crop planting systems on soil N_(2)O emissions.In this study,we focused on two representative rotation systems in Central China:rapeseed–rice(RR)and wheat–rice(WR).We examined the biotic and abiotic processes underlying the impacts of these upland plantings on soil N_(2)O emissions.The results revealed that during the rapeseed-cultivated seasons in the RR rotation system,the average N_(2)O emissions were 1.24±0.20 and 0.81±0.11 kg N ha^(–1)for the first and second seasons,respectively.These values were comparable to the N_(2)O emissions observed during the first and second wheat-cultivated seasons in the WR rotation system(0.98±0.25 and 0.70±0.04 kg N ha^(–1),respectively).This suggests that upland cultivation has minimal impacts on soil N_(2)O emissions in the two rotation systems.Strong positive correlations were found between N_(2)O fluxes and soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(–)),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),and the ratio of soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC)to NO_(3)^(–)in both RR and WR rotation systems.Moreover,the presence of the AOA-amoA and nirK genes were positively associated with soil N_(2)O fluxes in the RR and WR systems,respectively.This implies that these genes may have different potential roles in facilitating microbial N_(2)O production in various upland plantation models.By using a structural equation model,we found that soil moisture,mineral N,MBN,and the AOA-amoA gene accounted for over 50%of the effects on N_(2)O emissions in the RR rotation system.In the WR rotation system,soil moisture,mineral N,MBN,and the AOA-amoA and nirK genes had a combined impact of over 70%on N_(2)O emissions.These findings demonstrate the interactive effects of functional genes and soil factors,including soil physical characteristics,available carbon and nitrogen,and their ratio,on soil N_(2)O emissions during upland cultivation seasons under rice-upland rotations.

Differential expression of bcl-2 and bax genes during the E.coli-induced apoptosis of human U937 cells

To explore the role of bcl-2 and bax genes in the apoptosis of human U937 cells induced by E.coli, flow cytometry assay with annexinⅤ-FITC/PI double staining was used to determine the condition of apoptosis, and the expressions of mRNA of bcl-2 and bax genes were assayed with RT-PCR. It was found that the apoptosis of human U937 cells could be induced by E.coli at various concentration ratios between cells and bacteria for 30 min in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic rates at cell/bacteria ratios of 0, 1∶5, 1∶10, 1∶20, 1∶50 and 1∶100 were 3.16%±0.90%, 9.46%±0.84%, 17.90%±1.41%, 35.59%±3.76%, 38.35%±7.12% and 55.07%±5.82% respectively. Also, there was a tendency of alterations in the expression levels of bcl-2 and bax genes with an increased expression level of bax gene and a reduced expression level of bcl-2 gene. It is concluded that E.coli can induce apoptosis in human U937 cells with a down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 and an up-regulated expression of Bax, and this might be related to the induction of apoptosis of the infected cell.

电针对骶上脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱大鼠尿流动力学及脊髓组织ERK/CREB/Bcl-2通路表达的影响

目的观察电针“次髎”“中极”“三阴交”“大椎”对骶上脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱大鼠尿流动力学及脊髓组织ERK/CREB/Bcl-2通路表达的影响。方法60只雌性SD大鼠随机选取24只分为空白组和假手术组各12只,其余36只采用脊髓横断法造模,将成模大鼠随机分为模型组和电针组,每组12只。电针组取单侧“次髎”“中极”“三阴交”“大椎”进行电针刺激,每次30 min,1次/d,连续7 d。干预结束后行尿流动力学检测,HE染色观察大鼠膀胱逼尿肌组织形态,TUNEL法检测脊髓组织细胞凋亡情况,Western blot测定脊髓组织p-ERK1/2、p-CREB、p-p90Rsk、CRE、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠膀胱基础压力、最大压力及漏尿点压明显增加(P<0.01),膀胱最大容量及顺应性明显降低(P<0.01);膀胱平滑肌细胞结构严重破坏、排列紊乱,伴大量炎性细胞浸润;脊髓组织细胞凋亡率明显升高(P<0.01),脊髓组织p-ERK1/2、p-p90Rsk、p-CREB、CRE、Bcl-2蛋白表达明显降低,Bax蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,电针组大鼠膀胱基础压力、最大压力及漏尿点压均明显降低(P<0.05),膀胱最大容量及顺应性明显增加(P<0.05,P<0.01);膀胱平滑肌细胞完整性增强,细胞水肿程度降低,炎性细胞浸润减轻;脊髓组织细胞凋亡率明显降低(P<0.05),脊髓组织p-ERK1/2、p-p90Rsk、p-CREB、CRE、Bcl-2蛋白表达明显升高,Bax蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论电针可促进骶上脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱大鼠膀胱逼尿肌组织修复,增加膀胱最大容量及顺应性,缓解膀胱内高压状态,其机制与激活ERK/CREB/Bcl-2通路、减少受损神经元继发性凋亡、改善膀胱的神经支配、保护膀胱功能有关。

Pathogenesis of chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene:Hypotheses and conundrums

Chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene(CEAS)is a complex gastroenterological condition characterized by multiple ulcers in the small intestine with chronic bleeding and protein loss.This review explores the potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CEAS,focusing on the role of SLCO2A1-encoded prostaglandin transporter OATP2A1 and its impact on prostaglandin E2(PGE2)levels.Studies have suggested that elevated PGE2 levels contribute to mucosal damage,inflammation,and disruption of the intestinal barrier.The effects of PGE2 on macrophage activation and Maxi-Cl channel functionality,as well as its interaction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs play crucial roles in the progression of CEAS.Understanding the balance between its protective and pro-inflammatory effects and the complex interactions within the gastrointestinal tract can shed light on potential therapeutic targets for CEAS and guide the development of novel,targeted therapies.

Identification of M2 macrophage-related genes for establishing a prognostic model in pancreatic cancer: FCGR3A as key gene

Background:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)has a rich and complex tumor immune microenvironment(TIME).M2 macrophages are among the most extensively infiltrated immune cells in the TIME and are necessary for the growth and migration of cancers.However,the mechanisms and targets mediating M2 macrophage infiltration in pancreatic cancer remain elusive.Methods:The M2 macrophage infiltration score of patients was assessed using the xCell algorithm.Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),module genes associated with M2 macrophages were identified,and a predictive model was designed.The variations in immunological cell patterns,cancer mutations,and enrichment pathways between the cohorts with the high-and low-risk were examined.Additionally,the expression of FCGR3A and RNASE2,as well as their association with M2 macrophages were evaluated using the HPA,TNMplot,and GEPIA2 databases and verified by tissue immunofluorescence staining.Moreover,in vitro cell experiments were conducted,where FCGR3A was knocked down in pancreatic cancer cells using siRNA to analyze its effects on M2 macrophage infiltration,tumor proliferation,and metastasis.Results:The prognosis of patients in high-risk and low-risk groups was successfully distinguished using a prognostic risk score model of M2 macrophage-related genes(p=0.024).Between the high-and low-risk cohorts,there have been notable variations in immune cell infiltration patterns,tumor mutations,and biological functions.The risk score was linked to the manifestation of prevalent immunological checkpoints,immunological scores,and stroma values(all p<0.05).In vitro experiments and tissue immunofluorescence staining revealed that FCGR3A can promote the infiltration or polarization of M2 macrophages and enhance tumor proliferation and migration.Conclusions:In this study,an M2 macrophage-related pancreatic cancer risk score model was established,and found that FCGR3A was correlated with tumor formation,metastasis,and M2 macrophage infiltration.

华蟾素对肝癌患者介入术后外周血Bcl-2和cyclinD1蛋白表达水平的影响

目的观察华蟾素对肝癌患者介入术后外周血Bcl-2和细胞周期蛋白(cyclinD1)表达水平的影响。方法本次研究对象在2020年5月—2021年5月于医院进行介入术治疗的肝癌患者中选择100例,随机分为两组,50例患者给予患者常规介入治疗(常规介入组),50例患者在常规化疗的基础上加用华蟾素治疗(华蟾素组)。检测患者的Bax、Bcl-2、cyclinD1水平及肝功能指标[甲胎蛋白(AFP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、谷草转氨酶(AST)]、免疫功能指标[免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、自然杀伤(NK)细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD_(4)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+))],比较两组卡氏(KPS)评分、肝功能分级标准(Child-Pugh)评分,评价疗效,观察两组不良反应发生情况。结果华蟾素组患者治疗后的Bax水平高于常规介入组(P<0.05),Bcl-2、cyclinD1水平低于常规介入组(P<0.05);华蟾素组患者治疗后的AFP、TBIL、AST水平低于常规介入组(P<0.05),ALT水平高于常规介入组(P<0.05);华蟾素组患者治疗后的IgG、NK细胞、CD_(4)^(+)水平高于常规介入组(P<0.05),CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平低于常规介入组(P<0.05);华蟾素组患者治疗后的KPS评分高于常规介入组(P<0.05),Child-Pugh评分低于常规介入组(P<0.05);华蟾素组患者治疗有效率为92.00%,高于常规介入组的74.00%(P<0.05);华蟾素组患者的不良反应发生率为20.00%,低于常规介入组的44.00%(P<0.05)。结论华蟾素可以下调肝癌患者介入术后外周血Bcl-2和cyclinD1蛋白表达水平,上调Bax水平,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡;同时可以增强患者的肝功能和免疫功能,提高生活质量,改善预后;还能提高肝癌介入治疗疗效,降低发生不良反应的风险。

黄芪多糖调控Bcl-2/Bax信号通路抑制卵巢腺癌Caov-3细胞生长的实验研究

目的研究黄芪多糖调控Bcl-2/Bax信号通路对卵巢腺癌Caov-3细胞生长的影响。方法将黄芪多糖分为低、中、高剂量组,分别加入10、50、100 mg/mL黄芪多糖,流式细胞术检测10、50、100 mg/mL黄芪多糖作用Caov-3细胞后对细胞周期的影响,显微镜下观察Caov-3细胞凋亡情况和形态变化,Western blot法检测3组药物作用Caov-3细胞后对Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平及对Bcl/Bax的影响;同时,比较阿司匹林联合黄芪多糖与单用黄芪多糖对Caov-3细胞的抑制率。结果黄芪多糖低、中、高剂量组对Caov-3细胞的抑制率分别为40%、50%、65%,黄芪多糖的IC_(50)为50 mg/mL,与对照组比较,黄芪多糖高剂量组对Caov-3细胞的抑制效果最为明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);黄芪多糖联合阿司匹林的抑制效果优于单纯使用黄芪多糖(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,黄芪多糖高剂量组对Caov-3细胞周期的影响更为显著,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,黄芪多糖高剂量组Caov-3细胞凋亡的数目显著增加,Bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著降低,Bax蛋白表达水平显著升高,Bcl-2/Bax降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论黄芪多糖能有效抑制Caov-3细胞的生长,联合阿司匹林效果更好。其机制可能与黄芪多糖调控Bcl-2/Bax信号通路,促进细胞凋亡有关。

基于Caspase-3/Bcl-2/Bax信号通路探究加味旋覆代赭汤治疗食管癌前病变的作用机制

目的:探究加味旋覆代赭汤对食管癌前病变大鼠Caspase-3/Bcl-2/Bax信号通路的调控作用机制。方法:将48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,空白组、模型组、中药组、西药组,每组各12只。除空白组外均采用复合造模法制作食管癌前病变大鼠模型,造模成功后,分别进行药物灌胃干预,空白组、模型组用生理盐水灌胃,中药组和西药组分别给予加味旋覆代赭汤、西药(雷贝拉唑+莫沙必利)灌胃,给药8周取材。利用光学显微镜观察食管上皮组织的形态学变化;分别应用蛋白质印迹法(Western-blot)及聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测食管上皮组织Caspase-3、Bcl-2及Bax的表达水平。结果:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠食管上皮病理积分升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,中药组、西药组大鼠食管上皮病理积分均降低(P<0.01)。PCR及Western-blot检测结果显示,与空白组比较,模型组大鼠Caspase-3、Bax mRNA、蛋白表达均降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,中药、西药组大鼠Caspase-3、Bax mRNA、蛋白表达均增高(P<0.05)。与空白组比较,模型组大鼠食管组织中Bcl-2 m RNA及蛋白表达水平均升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,中药组和西药组Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白表达水平均降低(P<0.05)。结论:加味旋覆代赭汤可能通过下调Bcl-2/Bax比值,增加线粒体外膜通透性,释放凋亡因子,激活Caspase-3,使病变组织发生凋亡,扭转食管上皮异型增生,从而起到治疗食管癌前病变的作用。

从NF-κB/Bcl-2信号通路调控成纤维样滑膜细胞凋亡角度探讨中医药抑制类风湿关节炎滑膜炎症机制的研究进展

类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一种以关节滑膜炎症为主要特征的自身免疫性疾病,成纤维样滑膜细胞(fibroblast-like synoviocytes,FLS)的抗凋亡是导致该病病情发展的主要因素。如何促进FLS凋亡并抑制炎症反应是目前RA治疗和研究的重点。核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)/B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)信号通路在RA发病过程中发挥了关键作用,其与FLS炎症倾向、抗凋亡等密切相关。研究并探讨NF-κB/Bcl-2信号通路调控FLS凋亡的机制及作用,介绍中医药靶向该通路促进FLS凋亡进而抑制RA滑膜炎症的研究现状,旨在为中医药治疗RA的研究提供一定基础。

桂枝加龙骨牡蛎汤对魄不安于肺不寐大鼠脑组织Caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax水平的影响

目的:探讨桂枝加龙骨牡蛎汤对魄不安于肺不寐大鼠脑组织Caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响及其治疗魄不安于肺不寐可能的作用机制。方法:32只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、中药组和西药组,每组8只。采用水环境小平台法干预9 d建立魄不安于肺不寐大鼠模型,造模成功后,中药组予以桂枝加龙骨牡蛎汤7.6 g·kg-1·d-1灌胃,西药组予以右佐匹克隆片0.1 mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃,对照组和模型组给予等体积生理盐水灌胃,连续14 d,测量体质量。采用免疫组织化学法及蛋白质免疫印迹法检测脑组织中Caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠体质量减轻(P<0.01),免疫组化检测结果显示,大鼠脑组织Bcl-2的表达显著减少(P<0.01),Caspase-3、Bax表达显著增加(P<0.01),Bcl-2/Bax比率显著减少(P<0.01);Western blot结果显示大鼠脑组织Bcl-2相对表达量显著减少(P<0.01),Bax、Caspase-3相对表达量显著增加(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,中药组及西药组大鼠体质量显著增加(P<0.01),免疫组化检测结果显示,大鼠脑组织Bcl-2表达增加(P<0.05),Caspase-3、Bax表达减少(P<0.05),Bcl-2/Bax比率显著升高(P<0.01);Western blot结果显示大鼠脑组织中Bcl-2相对表达量增加(P<0.05),Bax、Caspase-3相对表达量显著减少(P<0.01)。结论:桂枝加龙骨牡蛎汤改善魄不安于肺不寐大鼠的睡眠可能与增加其脑组织Bcl-2、降低Caspase-3、Bax表达水平有关。

miR-181a靶向Bcl-2调控氧糖剥夺/再灌注模型诱导的SH-SY5Y神经细胞凋亡

目的皮层是响应脑缺血缺氧最为敏感的组织之一,基于前期深度测序技术,我们筛选获得响应脑缺血缺氧应激的皮层区目标基因miR-181a及Bcl-2。本研究旨在SH-SY5Y细胞株氧糖剥夺/复糖复氧模型验证二者靶向调控关系及功能,明确miR-181a—Bcl-2调控网络在OGD/R诱导的神经细胞凋亡中的作用。方法采用线栓法构建大鼠缺血缺氧再灌注损伤模型,脑切片TTC染色及行为学评分法评估模型。应用qRT-PCR及Western Blot验证目标基因的表达。生物信息学分析miR-181a与Bcl-2的靶向结合位点并比对结合位点的保守性,双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-181a与Bcl-2靶向结合的特异性。采用OGD/R细胞模型体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤,检测凋亡相关蛋白表达及Hoechst荧光染色评估细胞凋亡。结果大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞后miR-181a、Bcl-2表达变化趋势相反。RNA hybird软件预测miR-181a可结合Bcl-2的3′-UTR区,且结合区域高度保守。双荧光素酶报告基因实验发现,相对于Bcl-23′UTR-WT与mimic-NC共转染组,Bcl-23′UTR-WT与miR-181a mimic共转染后的荧光活性更低(P<0.001),而Bcl-2-Mut与miR-181a mimic共转染组,荧光活性无显著差异(P>0.05)。分别用miR-181a的模拟物及抑制物转染OGD/R诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞,miR-181a可以抑制Bcl-2 mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平(P<0.001)。过表达miR-181a显著增加了SH-SY5Y细胞的凋亡(P<0.001),而抑制miR-181a表达可使SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡显著降低(P<0.001)。结论miR-181a可靶向结合Bcl-2,下调miR-181a可通过促进Bcl-2的表达进而抑制SH-SY5Y神经细胞OGD/R损伤诱导的细胞凋亡。

新型Bcl-2小分子抑制剂的设计、合成与初步活性评价

目的设计并合成一系列新型Bcl-2小分子抑制剂,测试其对Bcl-2和Bcl-2 G101V(Bcl-2突变体)与BH3-only蛋白相互作用的抑制活性,初步探究其构效关系,为后续相关研究提供参考。方法以临床化合物BGB-11417为先导化合物,通过骨架跃迁等方法,设计新型含螺环结构的Bcl-2小分子抑制剂。以苯甲醛为原料,通过取代、环化和偶联等反应合成目标化合物,并通过1H NMR和LC-MS进行结构确定。采用时间分辨荧光共振能量转移(TR-FRET)评价目标化合物对Bcl-2和Bcl-2 G101V(Bcl-2突变体)与BH3-only蛋白相互作用的抑制能力。结果共合成8个新型螺环Bcl-2小分子抑制剂,其中29a[IC_(50)(Bcl-2):0.8 nmol·L^(-1),IC_(50)(Bcl-2 G101V):55.41 nmol·L^(-1)],29d[IC_(50)(Bcl-2):0.27 nmol·L^(-1),IC_(50)(Bcl-2 G101V):18.65 nmol·L^(-1)]对Bcl-2和Bcl-2 G101V与BH3-only蛋白的相互作用有较好的抑制活性。结论建立了一种新型螺环Bcl-2小分子抑制剂合成方法,发现了对Bcl-2和Bcl-2 G101V(Bcl-2突变体)与BH3-only蛋白相互作用有较好抑制活性的新化合物,其中29d具有进一步研究的价值。