Induction Effect and Genetic Analysis of NG to Thallus of Porphyra

The young thalli of Porphyra yezoensis and P.haitanensis are induced by N-Methy-N’-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (NG), a strong mutagen to induce the mutant of chromatophore. It is showed that no mutants have been investigated in all control groups, while in the induced groups, it is easy to find mutant cells or mutant cell masses in the thallus. The pigmentation mutants may be the result of NG inducement. The mutant rate increases obviously with the mutagen concentration or by prolonging the induction time. Within the scope of experiment, the inducement effects of Porphyra yezoensis are raised from 11.2% to 28.7%, and those of P. haitanensis from 10.1% to 20.2%. According to our experiments, the amount of mutant cells in the same area does not increase with the induction intensity The amount of mutant cells in every group of inducement of both species of Porphyraμ changes very little with the fixed fields check method. The lowest dose (25g/mL) of this experiment has a high mutant rate. The mutant rate shows the percentage of mutant cells in all the survived cells, while the amount of mutant cells reflects the effect of μinducement. Thus the optimum induction concentration of NG is 25 g/mL, and the optimum induction time is 30 minutes.

Genetic Analysis and Rescue of a Triple-reassortant H3N2 Influenza A Virus Isolated From Swine in Eastern China

One influenza H3N2 virus, A/swine/Shandong/3/2005 (Sw/SD/3/2005), was isolated from pigs with respiratory disease on a farm in eastern China. Genetic analysis revealed that Sw/SD/3/2005 was a triple-reassortant virus with a PB2 gene from human-like H1N1, NS from classical swine H1N1, and the remaining genes from human-like H3N2 virus. These findings further support the concept that swine can serve as reservoir or mixing vessels of influenza virus strains and maintain genetic and antigenic stability of viruses. Furthermore, we have successfully established a reverse genetics system based on eight plasmids and rescued Sw/SD/3/2005 through cell transfection. HI tests and RT-PCR confirmed that the rescued virus maintained the biological properties of the wild type Sw/SD/3/2005. The successful establishment of the reverse genetics system of Sw/SD/3/2005 will enable us to conduct extensive studies of the molecular evolution of H3N2 influenza viruses in swine.

Genetic Variation Analysis on the Whole Genomic Sequence of a H9N2 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus Isolate

A Objective3 This study was to understand the genetic variation characters of the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus isolate （A/Chicken/ Hebei/WD/98, abbreviated as WD98） by comparing with other reference strains. I-Method3 Eight complete genes were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The homology and genetic evolution relationship were analyzed between these sequences and that of the seven reference strains. [Result] The whole genomic sequence of WD98 strain was 91.1% -95.8% homologous to that of seven reference strains tested. This isolate shared the highest homology （95.8%） to D/HK/Y280/97 and the lowest homology （91.1% ） to C/Pak/2/99. The HA cleavage site of the WD98 strain was R-S-S-R G, and the 226th amino acid at receptor-binding site was Gin. [ Condmion] WD98 strain belongs to mildly pathogenic avian in- fluenza virus and may not infect human. The genetic relationship is the closest between A/Chicken/Hebei/wD/98 and A/duck/HongKong/Y280/ 97, both of which belong to the sub-line of A/Chicken/Beijing/1/94 in Eurasian line. And A/Chicken/Hebei/WD/98 and A/Chicken/Beijing/1/94 are genetically distant within the same sub-line.

Genetic Variation in Rhizome Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.ssp.nucifera) Germplasms from China Assessed by RAPD Markers

To estimate genetic variation in rhizome lotus （Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. ssp. nucifera） germplasms in China, a total of 94 rhizome lotus germplasms collected from 18 provinces in China were assessed. The RAPD （randomly amplified polymorphic DNA） marker was employed. The selected 17 random primers detected 139 polymorphic alleles out of a total 207 （67.15%）. Nei＇s gene diversity statistics and region differentiation parameters indicated that all germplasms had a relatively high level of genetic diversity with ne = 1.3202, h = 0.1937, I= 0.2982 and the gene flow among all regions was Nrn = 5.5742. The UPGMA dendrogram clustered all 94 germplasms into two clusters： One contained eight commercial cultivars and major landraces, and the other included the wild and some special landraces from five regions, and the PCA analysis exhibited the similar result. Those germplasms from southwestern and eastern China had higher genetic diversity than those from the southern, northern and central China. Predominant proportion of genetic variation （95.61%） was found significant within rather than among （4.39%） regions, as revealed by AMOVA analysis. The data analysis also revealed that the genetic diversity of rhizome lotus germplasms among different regions is positively related to their geographic distances, though it is ambiguous to find the trend from the UPGMA dendrogram and the PCA analysis. A relatively high genetic diversity and gene flow resided in the root lotus germplasms; about 96% of the variation was found within region; accessions from southwest and eastern China have higher genetic diversity than those from the southern, northern and central China.

Multi-variable grey model (MGM(1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model (MGM(1,n)), as the expansion and complement of GM(1,1) model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM(1,n) model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model (MGM(1,n,q)) was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model (MGM(1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM(1,n) model, and the MGM(1,n) model was better than MGM(1,1) model.

Genetic Analyses of Tolerance to Low Nitrogen in Tropical Maize Germplasm

Six tropical maize inbred lines were crossed in a half diallel fashion and evaluated along with their F1 hybrids under low N (0 kg/ha) and high N(170 kg/ha), for grain yield, ear diameter, ear length, number of rows per ear, 100-kernel weight, ear leaf area, shoot dry weight, ear leaf chlorophyll content and plant height to determine their response to different level of N. Grain yield and ear leaf chlorophyll content measured by 48% lower under -N than under + N, and were most affected by -N. Ear length had the highest reduction under -N of 22%. Plant height and shoot dry weight were both reduced by 28%. Diallel analysis indicated significant additive as well as dominance variance for grain yield under -N. The same results were shown when one tolerant x nontolerant cross from the diallel hybrids was subjected to generation mean analysis which also indicated significant epistatic effects. These results suggest that S1 or S2 progeny selection may be an effective means of improving grain yield of tropical maize under low soil N.

Application of butane geochemistry of natural gas in hydrocarbon exploration

In order to distinguish the source and migration direction of natural gas by geochemical characteristics of butane,the components and carbon isotopes of natural gas from major hydrocarbonbearing basins in China were analyzed.The results showed that：（1） Oil-type gas has i-C 4 /n-C 4 0.8,δ 13 C butane -28‰,δ 13 C i-butane -27‰,δ 13 C n-butane -28.5‰,whereas coal-type gas has i-C 4 /n-C 4 0.8,δ 13 C butane -25.5‰,δ 13 C i-butane -24‰,δ 13 C n-butane -26‰.（2） When δ 13 C i-butane-δ 13 C n-butane is greater than 0,the maturity of oil-type gas is generally more than 2.4% and that of coal-type gas is greater than 1.4%,whereas when the difference is less than 0,the maturity of oil-type gas is generally less than 1.1% and that of coal-type gas is less than 0.8%.（3） When natural gas migrates through dense cap rocks,the value of i-C 4 /n-C 4 increases,whereas when it migrates laterally along a reservoir,the value of i-C 4 /n-C 4 decreases.（4） Sapropelic transition zone gas with composition and carbon isotopic signatures similar to those of oil-type gas in the low thermal evolution stage is found to have a relatively high butane content.（5） The values of i-C 4 /n-C 4 and δ 13 C n-butane δ 13 C i-butane of gas which has suffered biological degradation are significantly higher than those obtained from thermogenic and bio-thermocatalytic transition zone gas.Thus,natural gas of different genetic types can be recognized through component analysis and carbon isotopic signatures of butane,the natural gas maturity can be estimated from the difference in carbon isotopic content between isobutane and n-butane,and the migration direction of natural gas can be determined from i-C 4 /n-C 4 ratios and transport conditions,which can also be used to thermogenic and bio-thermocatalytic transition zone gas.

n-damo细菌在不同生态环境中的遗传多样性和潜在功能研究

反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化(DAMO)是自然环境中减少甲烷排放的关键过程。近年来研究发现,亚硝酸盐依赖型厌氧甲烷氧化(n-damo)细菌在湖泊、河流、稻田和生物反应器等环境中表现出不同的分布特征和群落格局。然而,以往的环境调研主要集中在单一生态环境或样本类型,使得n-damo细菌在全球生态格局中的总体作用和分布特征仍然存在一定的未知。此外,在描述不同生态环境中n-damo细菌多样性时,16S rRNA和pmoA基因之间的具体区别或偏好性尚不清楚。因此,为了填补这一研究空白,基于n-damo细菌的两个关键基因,即16S rRNA和pmo A,通过生物信息学分析来评估不同生态系统中n-damo细菌的多样性特征。研究发现,16Sr RNA和pmoA基因所揭示的n-damo细菌遗传多样性和潜在功能存在差异。保守性更高的16S r RNA基因在湿地环境中多样性最高,而在人工富集环境中多样性最低。pmo A基因则在淡水环境中表现出最高的多样性,但也同样在人工富集环境中表现出最低的多样性。热图和韦恩图显示,淡水环境和湿地环境中n-damo细菌的相似性最高,但人工富集和咸水环境下的n-damo细菌与其他环境差异显著。此外,系统发育分析显示,16S rRNA与pmoA基因具有不同的同源模式,16S r RNA因其保守性而具有较高的同源性,而pmo A基因则表现出更多的簇族分化。这些结果为了解DAMO微生物对不同生态系统中甲烷减排和碳氮生物地球化学循环的贡献提供了重要见解。此外,未来n-damo细菌的环境调研工作应同时分析16S rRNA和pmo A基因,从而对n-damo细菌的分布和功能进行更加科学地综合评价。

N-acetyltransferase 2: Slow, intermediate or fast? A booming question of the molecular epidemiology in cancer research

Throughout history, humanity has referred to reactions occurring with food, plants and, recently, medicines or drugs. The increase in pulmonary tuberculosis cases and the availability of treatment showed that genetic human differences can interfere in the capacity to metabolize drugs. There are remarkable genetic polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) activity that have been associated with different levels of susceptibility to developing many kinds of cancers. This review considers the field as an open window for the application of molecular epidemiology tools that led to the development of pharmacogenomics. We cover historical data and the most recent knowledge about NAT2 genetic polymorphisms and its distribution in different populations, which is an important concept being incorporated in epidemiological studies of cancer risk. We present up to date information about these studies, including meta-analysis based on the NAT2 distribution in different types of cancer. A critical broad at advances in NAT2 research, high-lighting recent studies related to NAT2 alleles in cancer susceptibility. Although there are multifactorial aspects involved in cancer risk, the variability in NAT2 allelic frequency can be related to carcinogenesis through alterations in the metabolic rate after exposure to carcinogens.

Development and Assessment of Two Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza(HPAI) H5N6 Candidate Vaccine Viruses for Pandemic Preparedness

Objective In China, 24 cases of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI) H5 N6 virus have been confirmed since the first confirmed case in 2014. Therefore, we developed and assessed two H5 N6 candidate vaccine viruses(CVVs).Methods In accordance with the World Health Organization(WHO) recommendations, we constructed two reassortant viruses using reverse genetics(RG) technology to match the two different epidemic H5 N6 viruses. We performed complete genome sequencing to determine the genetic stability. We assessed the growth ability of the studied viruses in MDCK cells and conducted a hemagglutination inhibition assay to analyze their antigenicity. Pathogenicity attenuation was also evaluated in vitro and in vivo.Results The results showed that no mutations occurred in hemagglutinin or neuraminidase, and both CVVs retained their original antigenicity. The replication capacity of the two CVVs reached a level similar to that of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 in MDCK cells. The two CVVs showed low pathogenicity in vitro and in vivo, which are in line with the WHO requirements for CVVs.Conclusion We obtained two genetically stable CVVs of HPAI H5N6 with high growth characteristics,which may aid in our preparedness for a potential H5N6 pandemic.

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒HN株5a 5b及N基因的遗传变异分析

从河南省某鸡场中疑似鸡传染性支气管炎(IB)的雏鸡病料中分离到1 株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV),暂命名为HN,鉴定为IBV。从接种HN毒株的鸡胚尿囊液中提取单股RNA后应用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT PCR)技术扩增得到包含IBV HN株5a、5b蛋白及N蛋白基因的约1 600 bp片段;将克隆测序的5a、5b及N基因分别与GenBank中11 株国内外参考毒株相应基因进行序列比较与遗传变异分析,发现IBV HN株变异独特,明显不同于国内外参考毒株。

基于遗传算法及Hicks-Henne型函数的层流翼型优化设计

以高空长航时无人机大展弦比机翼的层流翼型为研究对象,在低雷诺数范围内结合遗传算法与N-S方程气动数值解法,依靠计算流体动力学(CFD)计算技术,对翼型进行气动外形优化设计。在基准翼型的基础上,翼型描述采用了基于Hicks-Henne型函数的解析函数线性叠加法,个体以解析函数中的变量组成,通过选择、交叉及变异操作,进行了以高升阻比为目标的优化设计。优化后翼型在低雷诺数条件下的升力系数及升阻比有所提高,证明了利用遗传算法进行层流翼型气动外形优化是可行的。

牛环曲病毒云南流行株N基因序列分析

为深入了解云南省牛环曲病毒(bovine torovirus,BToV)的流行现状及遗传进化趋势,2021年3月—2023年6月采集云南省9市15个养牛场不同年龄段的655份牛粪便样品,进行BToV RT-PCR检测,并对其中具有代表性的6份样品进行N基因测序分析。结果显示:BToV阳性检出率为10.84%(71/655);扩增得到6条完整的N基因序列,其同源性在98.4%~100%,与国内外参考毒株相比发现,6个毒株N基因与我国四川、黑龙江毒株同源性高,亲缘关系较近,可能是由引种、调运或动物产品交易传播而来;发现2个毒株发生氨基酸突变,可能是由于云南独特的气候和不同的饲养条件造成的。结果表明:牛环曲病毒在云南存在范围较广,须密切注意监测、加强检疫,同时加快疫苗研发。

Identification of an H1N1 subtype of swine influenza virus and serological analysis

To investigate the epizootic of swine influenza virus(SIV),60 nasal swabs were collected from a clinical cases of pig farm in Tai’an City,Shandong Province of China in April 2017.SIV was isolated by inoculating into 10-day-old Special Pathogen Free embryonated eggs and the whole genome was sequenced.An H1N1 subtype SIV was isolated and designated as A/swine/Shandong/TA04/2017(H1N1).Phylogenetic analysis showed that apart from the polymerase A(PA) fragment belonging to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 branch,seven genome segments belonged to avian-like H1N1 influenza virus lineage.The cleavage site sequence of the hemagglutinin(HA) protein was PSIQSR↓G,which is a typical molecular biological characteristic.Five potential N-glycosylation sites(N14,N26,N277,N484 and N543) were found in the HA gene.To further investigate the epidemiology of SIV in this farm,the 995 serum samples were assessed with EAH1N1 2009 pandemic H1N1 and H3 N2 antigens.The results showed that the total positive rate was 65.43%.The positive rates of single virus infection detected by EAH1N1,2009 pdmH1N1 and H3 N2 for serum HI(Hemagglutination inhibition) were 48.35,30.85 and 7.47%,respectively.The results showed that SIV in Shandong Province has been reassorted in some segments and the SIV-positive rate was high on the SIV outbreak farm.These data provide evidence of an epizootic of SIV.

微生物法合成N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖及其衍生物的研究进展

氨基葡萄糖(glucosamine,GlcN)是葡萄糖2位碳上的羟基被氨基取代后的氨基单糖。GlcN及其衍生物N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(GlcNAc)在食品、医药和化妆品领域具有广泛应用。文章综述了生物法生产N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖及其衍生物代谢工程策略的研究进展,并对其潜在问题及应用前景进行了展望。

用混合遗传算法求解N皇后问题

N皇后问题是NP难题,一般求解的方法为回溯法.当问题规模较小时用回溯法能有效求解,但当问题规模较大时其求解时间耗费非常巨大.该文提出用局部搜索与简单遗传算法(SGA)相结合的混合遗传算法(HGA)来求解N皇后问题,用N皇后的约束条件作为遗传算法的适应值函数.设计了高效的染色体编码、初始化种群方法、遗传算子以及局部搜索算子,使它们符合求解问题的需要.通过与回溯法和相关的遗传算法比较,实验证实了用混合遗传算法求解N皇后的有效性.

遗传性癫痫易感大鼠脑内NMDAR1基因表达

N 甲基 D天门冬氨酸 (NMDA)受体与癫痫及癫痫易感性的形成密切相关 .以遗传性癫痫易感大鼠P77PMC为研究对象 ,通过RNA印迹杂交检测 ,NMDA受体一型亚单位 (NMDAR1 )mRNA在惊厥后不同脑区表达 ,结果显示 :P77PMC大鼠惊厥后 ,大脑皮层、海马、皮层下、下丘NMDAR1mRNA表达呈时间依赖性增加 ;比较惊厥即刻与惊厥后 2 4h ,四个脑区NMDAR1mRNA分别增加了 1 1 1 %、11 3%、1 65%和 2 0 2 % .提示NMDA受体亚单位受惊厥活动调控 ,并参与惊厥的发生。

MPO和NAT2基因多态性与成人急性白血病易感性

目的研究髓过氧化物酶（MPO）和N-乙酰基转移酶2（NAT2）基因多态性与成人急性白血病易感性的关系.方法用1∶1配对病例-对照研究方法,收集成人急性白血病患者和对照各139例,应用聚合酶链-内切酶片段（PCR-RFLP）方法分析病例组和对照组MPO和NAT2的基因多态性,比较不同基因型与成人急性白血病易感性.结果 MPO-463A等位基因分布频率病例组低于对照组,MPO（G-463A）各基因型在病例组与对照组中的分布差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7.026,P〈0.05,OR=0.505,95%CI=0.325～0.847）.NAT2乙酰化表型频率在病例组与对照组的分布差异无统计学意义（χ^2=2.260,P〉0.05）;但NAT2＊5 481T等位基因和NAT2＊6 590A等位基因分布频率病例组高于对照组（P〈0.05）.结论 MPO与成人急性白血病易感性相关,携带MPO（G-463A）突变基因型（GA/AA）个体可降低白血病的发病风险;NAT2乙酰化表型可能与白血病的易感性无关,但NAT2＊5（C481T）、NAT2＊6（G590A）单核苷酸突变频率病例组明显高于对照组.

NAT2基因多态性与河北省汉族人大肠癌的相关性

目的 :探讨河北省汉族人群中氮乙酰基转移酶(NAT)基因多态性与大肠癌易感性的关系 .方法 :采用聚合酶链式反应 限制性内切酶片段长度多态性 (PCR RFLP)方法检测大肠癌患者组 (83人 )与健康对照组 (83人 )的NAT2基因型 .结果 :两组的快速乙酰化基因型频率无显著性差异(χ2 =0 .1 36 5 ,P =0 .71 1 8) ,但大肠癌患者组的基因型Wt/M2频率 (4 2 .2 % )明显高于健康人群 (1 9.3% ) (χ2 =1 0 .2 1 76 ,P =0 .0 0 1 4 ) ;如果以基因型Wt/Wt基因型的危险度 (Oddsra tio ,OR)为 1 ,则基因型Wt/M2的OR为 3.2 1 ,95 %的可信区间为 (1 .33～ 7.76 ) ;Wt/M1的OR为 0 .37<1 ,95 %的可信区间为(0 .0 4～ 3.6 1 ) ;Wt/M3的OR为 0 .98<1 ,95 %的可信区间为(0 .38～ 2 .5 1 ) ;慢速乙酰化基因型的OR值为 1 .32 ,95 %的可信区间为 (0 .5 3～ 3.2 9) ,包括 1 .结论 :在河北省汉族人群中 。

155例汉族结核病患者N-乙酰基转移酶2(NAT2)基因多态性分析

目的探讨中国汉族结核病患者N-乙酰基转移酶2(NAT2)基因分布特征。方法应用PCR-DNA测序技术测定外周血淋巴细胞基因组NAT2基因的特定序列,分析常见位点的单核苷酸突变,并与文献报道的中国其他地区健康人群NAT2基因多态性进行比较。结果对155例汉族结核病患者NAT2基因的特定序列进行了测定,NAT2等位基因频率分别为:NAT2*4(50.7%),NAT2*5A(0.6%),NAT2*5B(4.8%),NAT2*5C(1.0%),NAT2*6(28.7%),NAT2*7(14.2%);共检测到NAT2*4/4、NAT2*4/5A、NAT2*4/5B、NAT2*4/5C、NAT2*4/6、NAT2*4/7、NAT2*5B/6、NAT2*5B/7、NAT2*6/6、NAT2*6/7、NAT2*7/7 11种基因型,根据基因表型的代谢速度将其分为快型(NAT2*4/4)、中间型(NAT2*4/5A、NAT2*4/5B、NAT2*4/5C、NAT2*4/6、NAT2*4/7)、慢型(NAT2*5B/6、NAT2*5B/7、NAT2*6/6、NAT2*6/7、NAT2*7/7)3类,出现频率分别为:23.2%,54.9%(1.3%,3.2%,1.9%,34.9%,13.6%),21.9%(1.9%,4.5%,5.8%,9.0%,0.6%);结核病患者与健康人群间的代谢速度分型频率差异有统计学意义(2χ=11.93,P<0.01)。结论中国汉族结核病患者NAT2的基因表型以中间型为主要存在形式(占54.9%),NAT2的基因型分布可能与结核病易感性有关。