The mevalonate diphosphate deearboxylase (MVD) is an essential enzyme in mevalonate (MVA) pathway that catalyzes the irreversible Mg2+ -ATP de- pendent decarboxylation of 6-carben compound mevalonate-5-diphospha...The mevalonate diphosphate deearboxylase (MVD) is an essential enzyme in mevalonate (MVA) pathway that catalyzes the irreversible Mg2+ -ATP de- pendent decarboxylation of 6-carben compound mevalonate-5-diphosphate (MVAPP) into 5-carbon isopentenyl diphosphate ( IPP), the building block of sterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis. In this study, based on the published geanme sequences and ESTs, a genome-wide search was carried out for the first time to identify MVD gene family in four genome-sequenced Euphorbiaceae plants, i.e. castor bean ( Ricinus communis), physic nut ( Jatropha curcas), cassava (Manihot esculenta) and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), and to analyze the gene structure and phylogenetic characteristics. According to the experimental results, 1, 1,2 and 2 MVD genes, which all contain 9 introns, were identh'ied from castor bean, physic nut, cassava and rubber tree, respectively. Homology analysis indicates that MVD genes are widely distributed in eukaryotes, some archaea and eubacteria, which suggests an early origin of this gerte family. Although MVD genes were identified in most green plants, no homologous genes were found in unicellular green algae. In most genome-sequenced plants including castor bean and physic nut, a single copy of MVD gene was found; however, in cassava and rubber tree, two copies were identified just like that in moss, maize, Arabidopsis and poplar. "In castor bean, digital expression profiling suggests that in five examined tissues, i.e. leaf, flower, II/III stage endosperm, V/VI stage endosperm and seed, RcPMK was expressed strongly in flower and II/III stage endosperm, moderately in V/VI stage endosperm and leaf, and weakly in seed.展开更多
To balance the relationship between high yield and low nitrogen supply,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of watermelon needs to be improved urgently.Nodule inception-like Protein(NLP)transcription factors play a key...To balance the relationship between high yield and low nitrogen supply,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of watermelon needs to be improved urgently.Nodule inception-like Protein(NLP)transcription factors play a key node role in nitrate response and growth and development of plant,however,comprehensive analysis of the NLP gene family in watermelon is unclear.This study explored the functional classification,evolutionary characteristics,and expression profile of the ClNLP gene family.Three ClNLPs were categorized into three groups according to their gene structure and phylogeny.All of them contained the conserved RWP-RK and PB1 domains.Evolutionary analysis of ClNLPs revealed that ClNLP1 and ClNLP3 underwent strong purified selection.In addition,cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stresses were present in the ClNLP promoter.According to tissue-specific analysis ClNLP was widely expressed in roots,stems,leaves,flowers and fruits,and ClNLP1 was significantly induced in the roots of different nitrogen utilization varieties under different nitrate nitrogen supply.The SRTING functional protein association network suggested that ClNLP1 is associated with most genes,such as NRT1.1,NRT2.1,NIA1,and NIR1,and the dual-luciferase reporter assay found that ClNLP1 positively regulates the expression of ClNRT2.1.We speculated that ClNLP1 might play a central role in regulating the response of watermelon to nitrate nitrogen.展开更多
The bHLH transcription factors play pivotal roles in plant growth and development,production of secondary metabolites and responses to various environmental stresses.Although the bHLH genes have been well studied in m...The bHLH transcription factors play pivotal roles in plant growth and development,production of secondary metabolites and responses to various environmental stresses.Although the bHLH genes have been well studied in model plant species,a comprehensive investigation of the bHLH genes is required for tobacco with newly obtained high-quality genome.In the present study,a total of 309 NtbHLH genes were identified and can be divided into 23 subfamilies.The conserved amino acids which are essential for their function were predicted for the NtbHLH proteins.Moreover,the NtbHLH genes were conserved during evolution through analyzing the gene structures and conserved motifs.A total of 265 NtbHLH genes were localized in the 24 tobacco chromosomes while the remained 44 NtbHLH genes were mapped to the scaffolds due to the complexity of tobacco genome.Moreover,transcripts of NtbHLH genes were obviously tissue-specific expressed from the gene-chip data from 23 tobacco tissues,and expressions of 20 random selected NtbHLH genes were further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR,indicating their potential functions in the plant growth and development.Importantly,overexpressed NtbHLH86 gene confers improve drought tolerance in tobacco indicating that it might be involved in the regulation of drought stress.Therefore,our findings here provide a valuable information on the characterization of NtbHLH genes and further investigation of their functions in tobacco.展开更多
NAC(NAM,ATAF,CUC)is a class of transcription factors involved in plant growth regulation,abiotic stress responses,morphogenesis and metabolism.Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important Chinese medicinal herb,but the charact...NAC(NAM,ATAF,CUC)is a class of transcription factors involved in plant growth regulation,abiotic stress responses,morphogenesis and metabolism.Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important Chinese medicinal herb,but the characterization of NAC genes in this species is limited.In this study,based on the Salvia miltiorrhiza genomic databases,82 NAC transcription factors were identified,which were divided into 14 groups.Meanwhile,phylogenetic analysis,gene structure,chromosomal localization and potential role of SmNACs in abiotic stress conditions were also studied.The results revealed that some SmNACs had different structures than others,which advised that these genes may have multiple/distinct functions.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)analysis showed that SmNACs exhibited differential expression patterns under salt and drought stress.The NaCl induced salinity treatments modulated the expression of several SmNAC genes more in roots compared with leaves.Conversely,under drought stress conditions,more genes were upregulated in leaves compared with roots.These results will be useful for the further study involved in the functional characteristics of SmNAC genes,especially in response to salt and drought stresses,thereby may facilitate genetic breeding in Salvia miltiorrhiza.展开更多
Two strains of Gallibacterium, isolated from one laying hen flock in Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, were identified by the morphological observation, genus -specific PCR, and analysis of 16S rRNA gene, which was us...Two strains of Gallibacterium, isolated from one laying hen flock in Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, were identified by the morphological observation, genus -specific PCR, and analysis of 16S rRNA gene, which was used to generate the phylogenetic tree, with the 21 members of the 12 genera belonging to Pasteurellaceae to analyze the homology. Two strains were named Yu-ZZ-HL-I-SLG and Yu-ZZ-HL-II-GZ. The comparative result of the 16S rDNA sequence shows that the 2 isolated strains are identical in sequence; the highest identity (99.9%) was observed between the isolated strain and one of the strains of Gallibacterium anatis (AF22.8002), the homologies between the isolated strain and 3 strains of gallibacterium accessed in NCBI (AF22.8016, Gallibacterium genomosp. 1, AF228017, Gallibacterium genomosp. 2, AF22.8018, Gal- libacterium genomosp. 1 ) were above 97.1%, higher than that of the isolated strain and the other strains of the other 11 genera which were between 90.7% -93.2%. It can be seen from the phylogenetic tree that the 2 isolated strains and the other 4 strain of gallibacterium fell into the same branch, furthermore the 2 isolated strains and the strain of Gallibacterium anatis locate in an internal branch, indicating that the 2 isolated strains belong to Gallibacterium anatis.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to carry out the cloning,identification and differential expression analysis of carp interleukin-1β (IL-1β) cDNA. [Method] By using DD-RTPCR method,the differential expression cDNA f...[Objective] The research aimed to carry out the cloning,identification and differential expression analysis of carp interleukin-1β (IL-1β) cDNA. [Method] By using DD-RTPCR method,the differential expression cDNA fragments were gained. The cDNA library of carp peripheral blood leucocytes which was stimulated by the mitogen was screened,and the full length cDNA of carp IL-1β was cloned. Moreover,the sequence analysis and differential expression analysis were carried out. [Result] The positive clone which had a whole ORF that encoded 276 amino acids was obtained. The cluster analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of carp IL-1β and Japanese carp closely gathered as a branch,and the homoeology of amino acid sequence reached 95%. The clustering order was the carassius,zebra fish,pig,cattle,horse,human and mouse in turn. The differential expression analysis showed that the expression of IL-1β in the leucocytes significantly increased in the prior period (4 h) after the mitogen stimulated. But as the time went by (12 and 24 h),it didn't increase in the same period. The total trend of expression amount presented the peak type. [Conclusion] The research laid the foundation for further studying the expression manner,function characteristic,regulation mechanism of IL-1β in vivo and its action mechanisms in the inflammatory reaction,emergency reaction and immune response.展开更多
The pyrolysis of n-butane and i-butane at low pressure was investigated from 823-1823 K in an electrically heated flow reactor using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry. More than 20 speci...The pyrolysis of n-butane and i-butane at low pressure was investigated from 823-1823 K in an electrically heated flow reactor using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry. More than 20 species, especially several radicals and isomers, were detected and identified from the measurements of photoionization efficiency (PIE) spectra. Based on the mass spectrometric analysis, the characteristics of n-butane and i-butane pyrolysis were discussed, which provided experimental evidences for the discussion of decomposition pathways of butane isomers. It is concluded that the isomeric structures of n-butane and i-butane have strong influence on their main decomposition pathways, and lead to dramatic differences in their mass spectra and PIE spectra such as the different dominant products and isomeric structures of butene products. Furthermore, compared with n-butane,i-butane can produce strong signals of benzene at low temperature in its pyrolysis due to the enhanced formation of benzene precursors like propargyl and C4 species, which provides experimental clues to explain the higher sooting tendencies of iso-alkanes than n-alkanes.展开更多
Phytophthora sojae Kanfman and Gerdemann (P. sojae) is one of the most prevalent pathogens and causes Phytophthora root rot, which limits soybean production worldwide. Development of resistant cultivars is a cost-ef...Phytophthora sojae Kanfman and Gerdemann (P. sojae) is one of the most prevalent pathogens and causes Phytophthora root rot, which limits soybean production worldwide. Development of resistant cultivars is a cost-effective approach to controlling this disease. In this study, 127 soybean germplasm were evaluated for their responses to Phytophthora sojae strain Pm28 using the hypocotyl inoculation technique, and 49 were found resistant to the strain. The hypocotyl of P1, P2, F1, and F2:3 of two crosses of Ludou 4 (resistant)×Youchu 4 (susceptible) and Cangdou 5 (resistant)×Williams (susceptible) were inoculated with Pm28, and were used to analyze the inheritance of resistance. The population derived from the cross of Ludou 4×Youchu 4 was used to map the resistance gene (designated as Rps9) to a linkage group. 932 pairs of SSR primers were used to detect polymorphism, and seven SSR markers were mapped near the resistance gene. The results showed that the resistance to Pm28 in Ludou 4 and Cangdou 5 was controlled by a single dominant gene Rps9, which was located on the molecular linkage group N between the SSR markers Satt631 (7.5 cM) and Sat_186 (4.3 cM).展开更多
To identify and analyze the Orf virus in Shanxi Province, China, an Orf virus strain was successfully isolated from crust materials of boer goat with clinical sore mouth symptom from a goat farm of Shanxi Province by ...To identify and analyze the Orf virus in Shanxi Province, China, an Orf virus strain was successfully isolated from crust materials of boer goat with clinical sore mouth symptom from a goat farm of Shanxi Province by passaging in lamb testis (LT). The Orf virus was identified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, recurrent infection test, transmission electron microscopy, and PCR. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of two genes of the Orf virus were analyzed. The results showed that under the electron microscopy the virus had a presence of typical parapoxvirus virions and there were many eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions observed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stain. In ELISA test, optical density (OD) readings of the sample showed a positive result, and the rabbits infected with the virus showed a typically Orf virus-infected appearance. All these findings proved that the sample was an Orf virus. The phylogenetic studies of Orf B2L and Orf F1L genes showed that the virus clustered in different branches and were closer to the Orf virus Nantou (DQ904351) and the OV-SA00 isolates (AY386264). Furthermore, the above results may provide some insight into the genotype of the etiological agent responsible for the Orf outbreak in Shanxi Province, and could also provide a comparative view of the B2L and F1L genes of parapoxvirus.展开更多
Parameter identification, model calibration, and uncertainty quantification are important steps in the model-building process, and are necessary for obtaining credible results and valuable information. Sensitivity ana...Parameter identification, model calibration, and uncertainty quantification are important steps in the model-building process, and are necessary for obtaining credible results and valuable information. Sensitivity analysis of hydrological model is a key step in model uncertainty quantification, which can identify the dominant parameters, reduce the model calibration uncertainty, and enhance the model optimization efficiency. There are, however, some shortcomings in classical approaches, including the long duration of time and high computation cost required to quantitatively assess the sensitivity of a multiple-parameter hydrological model. For this reason, a two-step statistical evaluation framework using global techniques is presented. It is based on (1) a screening method (Morris) for qualitative ranking of parameters, and (2) a variance-based method integrated with a meta-model for quantitative sensitivity analysis, i.e., the Sobol method integrated with the response surface model (RSMSobol). First, the Morris screening method was used to qualitatively identify the parameters' sensitivity, and then ten parameters were selected to quantify the sensitivity indices. Subsequently, the RSMSobol method was used to quantify the sensitivity, i.e., the first-order and total sensitivity indices based on the response surface model (RSM) were calculated. The RSMSobol method can not only quantify the sensitivity, but also reduce the computational cost, with good accuracy compared to the classical approaches. This approach will be effective and reliable in the global sensitivity analysis of a complex large-scale distributed hydrological model.展开更多
By gas chromatogram, six crude oils fingerprinting distributed in four oilfields and four oil platforms were analyzed and the corre- sponding normal paraffin hydrocarbon ( including pristane and phytane) concentrati...By gas chromatogram, six crude oils fingerprinting distributed in four oilfields and four oil platforms were analyzed and the corre- sponding normal paraffin hydrocarbon ( including pristane and phytane) concentration was obtained by the internal standard methed. The normal paraffin hydrocarbon distribution patterns of six crude oils were built and compared. The cluster analysis on the normal paraffin hydrocarbon concentration was conducted for classification and some ratios of oils were used for oils comparison. The results indicated: there was a clear difference within different crude oils in different oil fields and a small difference between the crude oils in the same oil platform. The normal paraffin hydrocarbon distribution pattern and ratios, as well as the cluster analysis on the nomad paraffin hydrocarbon concentration can have a better differentiation result for the crude oils with small difference than the original gas chromatogram.展开更多
Identification of security risk factors for small reservoirs is the basis for implementation of early warning systems.The manner of identification of the factors for small reservoirs is of practical significance when ...Identification of security risk factors for small reservoirs is the basis for implementation of early warning systems.The manner of identification of the factors for small reservoirs is of practical significance when data are incomplete.The existing grey relational models have some disadvantages in measuring the correlation between categorical data sequences.To this end,this paper introduces a new grey relational model to analyze heterogeneous data.In this study,a set of security risk factors for small reservoirs was first constructed based on theoretical analysis,and heterogeneous data of these factors were recorded as sequences.The sequences were regarded as random variables,and the information entropy and conditional entropy between sequences were measured to analyze the relational degree between risk factors.Then,a new grey relational analysis model for heterogeneous data was constructed,and a comprehensive security risk factor identification method was developed.A case study of small reservoirs in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China shows that the model constructed in this study is applicable to security risk factor identification for small reservoirs with heterogeneous and sparse data.展开更多
AIM: TO investigate the protein profile of human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721, to analyze the specific functions of abundant expressed proteins in the processes of hepatocarcinoma genesis, growth and metastasi...AIM: TO investigate the protein profile of human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721, to analyze the specific functions of abundant expressed proteins in the processes of hepatocarcinoma genesis, growth and metastasis, to identify the hepatocarcinoma-specific biomarkers for the early prediction in diagnosis, and to explore the new drug targets for liver cancer therapy. METHODS: Total proteins from human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). The silver-stained gel was analyzed by 2DE software Image Master 2D Elite. Interesting protein spots were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and database searching. RESULTS: We obtained protein profile of human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. Among the twenty-one successfully identified proteins, mitofilin, endoplasmic reticulum protein ERp29, ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase complex core protein I, peroxisomal enoyl CoA hydratase, peroxiredoxin-4 and probable 3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1 precursor were the six novel proteins identified in human hepatocarcinoma cells or tissues. Specific functions of the identified heat-shock proteins were analyzed in detail, and the results suggested that these proteins might promote tumorigenesis via inhibiting cell death induced by several cancer-related stresses or via inhibiting apoptosis at multiple points in the apoptotic signal pathway. Other identified chaperones and cancer-related proteins were also analyzed.CONCLUSION: Based on the protein profile of SMMC-7721 cells, functional analysis suggests that the identified chaperones and cancer-related proteins have their own pathways to contribute to the tumorigenesis, tumor growth and metastasis of liver cancer. Furthermore, proteomic analysis is indicated to be feasible in the cancer study.展开更多
The identification of liquor brands is very important for food safety. Most of the fake liquors are usually made into the products with the same flavor and alcohol content as regular brand, so the identification for t...The identification of liquor brands is very important for food safety. Most of the fake liquors are usually made into the products with the same flavor and alcohol content as regular brand, so the identification for the liquor brands with the same flavor and the same alcohol content is essential. However, it is also difficult because the components of such liquor samples are very similar. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to identification of liquor brands with the same flavor and alcohol content. A total of 160 samples of Luzhou Laojiao liquor and 200 samples of non-Luzhou Laojiao liquor with the same flavor and alcohol content were used for identification. Samples of each type were randomly divided into the modeling and validation sets. The modeling samples were further divided into calibration and prediction sets using the Kennard-Stone algorithm to achieve uniformity and representativeness. In the modeling and validation processes based on PLS-DA method, the recognition rates of samples achieved 99.1% and 98.7%, respectively. The results show high prediction performance for the identification of liquor brands, and were obviously better than those obtained from the principal component linear discriminant analysis method. NIR spectroscopy combined with the PLS-DA method provides a quick and effective means of the discriminant analysis of liquor brands, and is also a promising tool for large-scale inspection of liquor food safety.展开更多
Wheat grain yield is generally sink-limited during grain filling.The grain-filling rate(GFR)plays a vital role but is poorly studied due to the difficulty of phenotype surveys.This study explored the grain-filling tra...Wheat grain yield is generally sink-limited during grain filling.The grain-filling rate(GFR)plays a vital role but is poorly studied due to the difficulty of phenotype surveys.This study explored the grain-filling traits in a recombinant inbred population and wheat collection using two highly saturated genetic maps for linkage analysis and genome-wide association study(GWAS).Seventeen stable additive quantitative trait loci(QTLs)were identified on chromosomes 1B,4B,and 5A.The linkage interval between IWB19555 and IWB56078 showed pleiotropic effects on GFR_(1),GFR_(max),kernel length(KL),kernel width(KW),kernel thickness(KT),and thousand kernel weight(TKW),with the phenotypic variation explained(PVE)ranging from 13.38%(KW)to 33.69%(TKW).198 significant marker-trait associations(MTAs)were distributed across most chromosomes except for 3D and 4D.The major associated sites for GFR included IWB44469(11.27%),IWB8156(12.56%)and IWB24812(14.46%).Linkage analysis suggested that IWB35850,identified through GWAS,was located in approximately the same region as QGFR_(max)2B.3-11,where two high-confidence candidate genes were present.Two important grain weight(GW)-related QTLs colocalized with grain-filling QTLs.The findings contribute to understanding the genetic architecture of the GFR and provide a basic approach to predict candidate genes for grain yield trait QTLs.展开更多
We tested the use of otolith shape analysis to discriminate between species and stocks of five goby species( Ctenotrypauchen chinensis, Odontamblyopus lacepedii, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, Chaeturichthys stigmatias...We tested the use of otolith shape analysis to discriminate between species and stocks of five goby species( Ctenotrypauchen chinensis, Odontamblyopus lacepedii, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, Chaeturichthys stigmatias, and Acanthogobius hasta) found in northern Chinese coastal waters. The five species were well differentiated with high overall classification success using shape indices(83.7%), elliptic Fourier coefficients(98.6%), or the combination of both methods(94.9%). However, shape analysis alone was only moderately successful at discriminating among the four stocks(Liaodong Bay, LD; Bohai Bay, BH; Huanghe(Yellow) River estuary HRE, and Jiaozhou Bay, JZ stocks) of A. hasta(50%–54%) and C. stigmatias(65.7%–75.8%). For these two species, shape analysis was moderately successful at discriminating the HRE or JZ stocks from other stocks, but failed to effectively identify the LD and BH stocks. A large number of otoliths were misclassified between the HRE and JZ stocks, which are geographically well separated. The classification success for stock discrimination was higher using elliptic Fourier coefficients alone(70.2%) or in combination with shape indices(75.8%) than using only shape indices(65.7%) in C. stigmatias whereas there was little difference among the three methods for A. hasta. Our results supported the common belief that otolith shape analysis is generally more effective for interspecific identification than intraspecific discrimination. Moreover, compared with shape indices analysis, Fourier analysis improves classification success during inter- and intra-species discrimination by otolith shape analysis, although this did not necessarily always occur in all fish species.展开更多
Nyquist Folding Receiver(NYFR)is a perceptron structure that realizes a low probability of intercept(LPI)signal analog to information.Aiming at the problem of LPI radar signal receiving,the time domain,frequency domai...Nyquist Folding Receiver(NYFR)is a perceptron structure that realizes a low probability of intercept(LPI)signal analog to information.Aiming at the problem of LPI radar signal receiving,the time domain,frequency domain,and time-frequency domain problems of signals intercepted by NYFR structure are studied.Combined with the time-frequency analysis(TFA)method,a radar recognition scheme based on deep learning(DL)is introduced,which can reliably classify common LPI radar signals.First,the structure of NYFR and its characteristics in the time domain,frequency domain,and time and frequency domain are analyzed.Then,the received signal is then converted into a time-frequency image(TFI).Finally,four kinds of DL algorithms are used to classify LPI radar signals.Simulation results demonstrate the correctness of the NYFR structure,and the effectiveness of the proposed recognition method is verified by comparison experiments.展开更多
Based on spatio-temporal correlativity analysis method, the automatic identification techniques for data anomaly monitoring of coal mining working face gas are presented. The asynchronous correlative characteristics o...Based on spatio-temporal correlativity analysis method, the automatic identification techniques for data anomaly monitoring of coal mining working face gas are presented. The asynchronous correlative characteristics of gas migration in working face airflow direction are qualitatively analyzed. The calculation method of asynchronous correlation delay step and the prediction and inversion formulas of gas concentration changing with time and space after gas emission in the air return roadway are provided. By calculating one hundred and fifty groups of gas sensors data series from a coal mine which have the theoretical correlativity, the correlative coefficient values range of eight kinds of data anomaly is obtained. Then the gas moni- toring data anomaly identification algorithm based on spatio-temporal correlativity analysis is accordingly presented. In order to improve the efficiency of analysis, the gas sensors code rules which can express the spatial topological relations are sug- gested. The experiments indicate that methods presented in this article can effectively compensate the defects of methods based on a single gas sensor monitoring data.展开更多
High-end wine brand is made through the use of high-quality grape variety and yeast strain, and through a unique process. Not only is it rich in nutrients, but also it has a unique taste and a fragrant scent. Brand id...High-end wine brand is made through the use of high-quality grape variety and yeast strain, and through a unique process. Not only is it rich in nutrients, but also it has a unique taste and a fragrant scent. Brand identification of wine is difficult and complex because of high similarity. In this paper, visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to explore the feasibility of wine brand identification. Chilean Aoyo wine (2016 vintage) was selected as the identification brand (negative, 100 samples), and various other brands of wine were used as interference brands (positive, 373 samples). Samples of each type were randomly divided into the calibration, prediction and validation sets. For comparison, the PLS-DA models were established in three independent and two complex wavebands of visible (400 - 780 nm), short-NIR (780 - 1100 nm), long-NIR (1100 - 2498 nm), whole NIR (780 - 2498 nm) and whole scanning (400 - 2498 nm). In independent validation, the five models all achieved good discriminant effects. Among them, the visible region model achieved the best effect. The recognition-accuracy rates in validation of negative, positive and total samples achieved 100%, 95.6% and 97.5%, respectively. The results indicated the feasibility of wine brand identification with Vis-NIR spectroscopy.展开更多
With recent advances in biotechnology, genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been widely used to identify genetic variants that underlie human complex diseases and traits. In case-control GWAS, typical statistica...With recent advances in biotechnology, genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been widely used to identify genetic variants that underlie human complex diseases and traits. In case-control GWAS, typical statistical strategy is traditional logistical regression (LR) based on single-locus analysis. However, such a single-locus analysis leads to the well-known multiplicity problem, with a risk of inflating type I error and reducing power. Dimension reduction-based techniques, such as principal component-based logistic regression (PC-LR), partial least squares-based logistic regression (PLS-LR), have recently gained much attention in the analysis of high dimensional genomic data. However, the perfor- mance of these methods is still not clear, especially in GWAS. We conducted simulations and real data application to compare the type I error and power of PC-LR, PLS-LR and LR applicable to GWAS within a defined single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set region. We found that PC-LR and PLS can reasonably control type I error under null hypothesis. On contrast, LR, which is corrected by Bonferroni method, was more conserved in all simulation settings. In particular, we found that PC-LR and PLS-LR had comparable power and they both outperformed LR, especially when the causal SNP was in high linkage disequilibrium with genotyped ones and with a small effective size in simulation. Based on SNP set analysis, we applied all three methods to analyze non-small cell lung cancer GWAS data.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31100460)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(312026)Fundamental Research Fund for the Rubber Research Institute in Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630022011014)
文摘The mevalonate diphosphate deearboxylase (MVD) is an essential enzyme in mevalonate (MVA) pathway that catalyzes the irreversible Mg2+ -ATP de- pendent decarboxylation of 6-carben compound mevalonate-5-diphosphate (MVAPP) into 5-carbon isopentenyl diphosphate ( IPP), the building block of sterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis. In this study, based on the published geanme sequences and ESTs, a genome-wide search was carried out for the first time to identify MVD gene family in four genome-sequenced Euphorbiaceae plants, i.e. castor bean ( Ricinus communis), physic nut ( Jatropha curcas), cassava (Manihot esculenta) and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), and to analyze the gene structure and phylogenetic characteristics. According to the experimental results, 1, 1,2 and 2 MVD genes, which all contain 9 introns, were identh'ied from castor bean, physic nut, cassava and rubber tree, respectively. Homology analysis indicates that MVD genes are widely distributed in eukaryotes, some archaea and eubacteria, which suggests an early origin of this gerte family. Although MVD genes were identified in most green plants, no homologous genes were found in unicellular green algae. In most genome-sequenced plants including castor bean and physic nut, a single copy of MVD gene was found; however, in cassava and rubber tree, two copies were identified just like that in moss, maize, Arabidopsis and poplar. "In castor bean, digital expression profiling suggests that in five examined tissues, i.e. leaf, flower, II/III stage endosperm, V/VI stage endosperm and seed, RcPMK was expressed strongly in flower and II/III stage endosperm, moderately in V/VI stage endosperm and leaf, and weakly in seed.
基金funded by grants from the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-25)Special Scientific Research Service Fee of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.Y2019XK16-03)+2 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.CAASASTIP-2021-ZFRI)Screening and technical demonstration and popularization of fruit and melon varieties in Xinjiang(Grant No.Y2021XK14)Special funds for basic research and special basic research(Grant No.20131602),Financial technology funding of Changji national agricultural science and technology park(Grant No.2021EK246).
文摘To balance the relationship between high yield and low nitrogen supply,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of watermelon needs to be improved urgently.Nodule inception-like Protein(NLP)transcription factors play a key node role in nitrate response and growth and development of plant,however,comprehensive analysis of the NLP gene family in watermelon is unclear.This study explored the functional classification,evolutionary characteristics,and expression profile of the ClNLP gene family.Three ClNLPs were categorized into three groups according to their gene structure and phylogeny.All of them contained the conserved RWP-RK and PB1 domains.Evolutionary analysis of ClNLPs revealed that ClNLP1 and ClNLP3 underwent strong purified selection.In addition,cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stresses were present in the ClNLP promoter.According to tissue-specific analysis ClNLP was widely expressed in roots,stems,leaves,flowers and fruits,and ClNLP1 was significantly induced in the roots of different nitrogen utilization varieties under different nitrate nitrogen supply.The SRTING functional protein association network suggested that ClNLP1 is associated with most genes,such as NRT1.1,NRT2.1,NIA1,and NIR1,and the dual-luciferase reporter assay found that ClNLP1 positively regulates the expression of ClNRT2.1.We speculated that ClNLP1 might play a central role in regulating the response of watermelon to nitrate nitrogen.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 31760072 to G.Bai,and grant number 31860413 to H.Xie)Yunnan Applied Basic Research Project(grant number 202001AT070010 to G.Bai)the Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences(grant numbers YNTC-2016YN22 and CNTC-110202001025(JY08)to H.Xie,YNTC-2016YN24,YNTC-2015YN02,YNTC-2018530000241002,and YNTC-2019530000241003 to D.-H.Yang).
文摘The bHLH transcription factors play pivotal roles in plant growth and development,production of secondary metabolites and responses to various environmental stresses.Although the bHLH genes have been well studied in model plant species,a comprehensive investigation of the bHLH genes is required for tobacco with newly obtained high-quality genome.In the present study,a total of 309 NtbHLH genes were identified and can be divided into 23 subfamilies.The conserved amino acids which are essential for their function were predicted for the NtbHLH proteins.Moreover,the NtbHLH genes were conserved during evolution through analyzing the gene structures and conserved motifs.A total of 265 NtbHLH genes were localized in the 24 tobacco chromosomes while the remained 44 NtbHLH genes were mapped to the scaffolds due to the complexity of tobacco genome.Moreover,transcripts of NtbHLH genes were obviously tissue-specific expressed from the gene-chip data from 23 tobacco tissues,and expressions of 20 random selected NtbHLH genes were further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR,indicating their potential functions in the plant growth and development.Importantly,overexpressed NtbHLH86 gene confers improve drought tolerance in tobacco indicating that it might be involved in the regulation of drought stress.Therefore,our findings here provide a valuable information on the characterization of NtbHLH genes and further investigation of their functions in tobacco.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871694,31800255)the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(14042216-Y).
文摘NAC(NAM,ATAF,CUC)is a class of transcription factors involved in plant growth regulation,abiotic stress responses,morphogenesis and metabolism.Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important Chinese medicinal herb,but the characterization of NAC genes in this species is limited.In this study,based on the Salvia miltiorrhiza genomic databases,82 NAC transcription factors were identified,which were divided into 14 groups.Meanwhile,phylogenetic analysis,gene structure,chromosomal localization and potential role of SmNACs in abiotic stress conditions were also studied.The results revealed that some SmNACs had different structures than others,which advised that these genes may have multiple/distinct functions.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)analysis showed that SmNACs exhibited differential expression patterns under salt and drought stress.The NaCl induced salinity treatments modulated the expression of several SmNAC genes more in roots compared with leaves.Conversely,under drought stress conditions,more genes were upregulated in leaves compared with roots.These results will be useful for the further study involved in the functional characteristics of SmNAC genes,especially in response to salt and drought stresses,thereby may facilitate genetic breeding in Salvia miltiorrhiza.
基金Supported by International Collaboration Program (43006167)~~
文摘Two strains of Gallibacterium, isolated from one laying hen flock in Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, were identified by the morphological observation, genus -specific PCR, and analysis of 16S rRNA gene, which was used to generate the phylogenetic tree, with the 21 members of the 12 genera belonging to Pasteurellaceae to analyze the homology. Two strains were named Yu-ZZ-HL-I-SLG and Yu-ZZ-HL-II-GZ. The comparative result of the 16S rDNA sequence shows that the 2 isolated strains are identical in sequence; the highest identity (99.9%) was observed between the isolated strain and one of the strains of Gallibacterium anatis (AF22.8002), the homologies between the isolated strain and 3 strains of gallibacterium accessed in NCBI (AF22.8016, Gallibacterium genomosp. 1, AF228017, Gallibacterium genomosp. 2, AF22.8018, Gal- libacterium genomosp. 1 ) were above 97.1%, higher than that of the isolated strain and the other strains of the other 11 genera which were between 90.7% -93.2%. It can be seen from the phylogenetic tree that the 2 isolated strains and the other 4 strain of gallibacterium fell into the same branch, furthermore the 2 isolated strains and the strain of Gallibacterium anatis locate in an internal branch, indicating that the 2 isolated strains belong to Gallibacterium anatis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Item(30972277)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to carry out the cloning,identification and differential expression analysis of carp interleukin-1β (IL-1β) cDNA. [Method] By using DD-RTPCR method,the differential expression cDNA fragments were gained. The cDNA library of carp peripheral blood leucocytes which was stimulated by the mitogen was screened,and the full length cDNA of carp IL-1β was cloned. Moreover,the sequence analysis and differential expression analysis were carried out. [Result] The positive clone which had a whole ORF that encoded 276 amino acids was obtained. The cluster analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of carp IL-1β and Japanese carp closely gathered as a branch,and the homoeology of amino acid sequence reached 95%. The clustering order was the carassius,zebra fish,pig,cattle,horse,human and mouse in turn. The differential expression analysis showed that the expression of IL-1β in the leucocytes significantly increased in the prior period (4 h) after the mitogen stimulated. But as the time went by (12 and 24 h),it didn't increase in the same period. The total trend of expression amount presented the peak type. [Conclusion] The research laid the foundation for further studying the expression manner,function characteristic,regulation mechanism of IL-1β in vivo and its action mechanisms in the inflammatory reaction,emergency reaction and immune response.
基金This work is supported by the National. Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51106146, No.51036007, No.U1232127), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.20100480047 and No.201104326), the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (No.WK2310000010), the Anhui Science & Technology Department (No.l1040606Q49), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘The pyrolysis of n-butane and i-butane at low pressure was investigated from 823-1823 K in an electrically heated flow reactor using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry. More than 20 species, especially several radicals and isomers, were detected and identified from the measurements of photoionization efficiency (PIE) spectra. Based on the mass spectrometric analysis, the characteristics of n-butane and i-butane pyrolysis were discussed, which provided experimental evidences for the discussion of decomposition pathways of butane isomers. It is concluded that the isomeric structures of n-butane and i-butane have strong influence on their main decomposition pathways, and lead to dramatic differences in their mass spectra and PIE spectra such as the different dominant products and isomeric structures of butene products. Furthermore, compared with n-butane,i-butane can produce strong signals of benzene at low temperature in its pyrolysis due to the enhanced formation of benzene precursors like propargyl and C4 species, which provides experimental clues to explain the higher sooting tendencies of iso-alkanes than n-alkanes.
基金supported by the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System, China (nyhyzx07-053)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, China (PCSIRT)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20090097120023)
文摘Phytophthora sojae Kanfman and Gerdemann (P. sojae) is one of the most prevalent pathogens and causes Phytophthora root rot, which limits soybean production worldwide. Development of resistant cultivars is a cost-effective approach to controlling this disease. In this study, 127 soybean germplasm were evaluated for their responses to Phytophthora sojae strain Pm28 using the hypocotyl inoculation technique, and 49 were found resistant to the strain. The hypocotyl of P1, P2, F1, and F2:3 of two crosses of Ludou 4 (resistant)×Youchu 4 (susceptible) and Cangdou 5 (resistant)×Williams (susceptible) were inoculated with Pm28, and were used to analyze the inheritance of resistance. The population derived from the cross of Ludou 4×Youchu 4 was used to map the resistance gene (designated as Rps9) to a linkage group. 932 pairs of SSR primers were used to detect polymorphism, and seven SSR markers were mapped near the resistance gene. The results showed that the resistance to Pm28 in Ludou 4 and Cangdou 5 was controlled by a single dominant gene Rps9, which was located on the molecular linkage group N between the SSR markers Satt631 (7.5 cM) and Sat_186 (4.3 cM).
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan period of China (2007BAD56B06)
文摘To identify and analyze the Orf virus in Shanxi Province, China, an Orf virus strain was successfully isolated from crust materials of boer goat with clinical sore mouth symptom from a goat farm of Shanxi Province by passaging in lamb testis (LT). The Orf virus was identified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, recurrent infection test, transmission electron microscopy, and PCR. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of two genes of the Orf virus were analyzed. The results showed that under the electron microscopy the virus had a presence of typical parapoxvirus virions and there were many eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions observed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stain. In ELISA test, optical density (OD) readings of the sample showed a positive result, and the rabbits infected with the virus showed a typically Orf virus-infected appearance. All these findings proved that the sample was an Orf virus. The phylogenetic studies of Orf B2L and Orf F1L genes showed that the virus clustered in different branches and were closer to the Orf virus Nantou (DQ904351) and the OV-SA00 isolates (AY386264). Furthermore, the above results may provide some insight into the genotype of the etiological agent responsible for the Orf outbreak in Shanxi Province, and could also provide a comparative view of the B2L and F1L genes of parapoxvirus.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41271003)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grants No. 2010CB428403 and 2010CB951103)
文摘Parameter identification, model calibration, and uncertainty quantification are important steps in the model-building process, and are necessary for obtaining credible results and valuable information. Sensitivity analysis of hydrological model is a key step in model uncertainty quantification, which can identify the dominant parameters, reduce the model calibration uncertainty, and enhance the model optimization efficiency. There are, however, some shortcomings in classical approaches, including the long duration of time and high computation cost required to quantitatively assess the sensitivity of a multiple-parameter hydrological model. For this reason, a two-step statistical evaluation framework using global techniques is presented. It is based on (1) a screening method (Morris) for qualitative ranking of parameters, and (2) a variance-based method integrated with a meta-model for quantitative sensitivity analysis, i.e., the Sobol method integrated with the response surface model (RSMSobol). First, the Morris screening method was used to qualitatively identify the parameters' sensitivity, and then ten parameters were selected to quantify the sensitivity indices. Subsequently, the RSMSobol method was used to quantify the sensitivity, i.e., the first-order and total sensitivity indices based on the response surface model (RSM) were calculated. The RSMSobol method can not only quantify the sensitivity, but also reduce the computational cost, with good accuracy compared to the classical approaches. This approach will be effective and reliable in the global sensitivity analysis of a complex large-scale distributed hydrological model.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.49976027 the Important Topic of Scientific Research of the State 0ceanic Administration, China, on the construction system of oil fingerprinting database and the key technology (from 2004 to 2005 ).
文摘By gas chromatogram, six crude oils fingerprinting distributed in four oilfields and four oil platforms were analyzed and the corre- sponding normal paraffin hydrocarbon ( including pristane and phytane) concentration was obtained by the internal standard methed. The normal paraffin hydrocarbon distribution patterns of six crude oils were built and compared. The cluster analysis on the normal paraffin hydrocarbon concentration was conducted for classification and some ratios of oils were used for oils comparison. The results indicated: there was a clear difference within different crude oils in different oil fields and a small difference between the crude oils in the same oil platform. The normal paraffin hydrocarbon distribution pattern and ratios, as well as the cluster analysis on the nomad paraffin hydrocarbon concentration can have a better differentiation result for the crude oils with small difference than the original gas chromatogram.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71401052)the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.17BGL156)the Key Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.14AZD024)
文摘Identification of security risk factors for small reservoirs is the basis for implementation of early warning systems.The manner of identification of the factors for small reservoirs is of practical significance when data are incomplete.The existing grey relational models have some disadvantages in measuring the correlation between categorical data sequences.To this end,this paper introduces a new grey relational model to analyze heterogeneous data.In this study,a set of security risk factors for small reservoirs was first constructed based on theoretical analysis,and heterogeneous data of these factors were recorded as sequences.The sequences were regarded as random variables,and the information entropy and conditional entropy between sequences were measured to analyze the relational degree between risk factors.Then,a new grey relational analysis model for heterogeneous data was constructed,and a comprehensive security risk factor identification method was developed.A case study of small reservoirs in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China shows that the model constructed in this study is applicable to security risk factor identification for small reservoirs with heterogeneous and sparse data.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30370403the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education, No. 705046the Doctoral Foundation of Xi’an Jiaotong University, grants No. DFXJTU2005-05
文摘AIM: TO investigate the protein profile of human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721, to analyze the specific functions of abundant expressed proteins in the processes of hepatocarcinoma genesis, growth and metastasis, to identify the hepatocarcinoma-specific biomarkers for the early prediction in diagnosis, and to explore the new drug targets for liver cancer therapy. METHODS: Total proteins from human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). The silver-stained gel was analyzed by 2DE software Image Master 2D Elite. Interesting protein spots were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and database searching. RESULTS: We obtained protein profile of human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. Among the twenty-one successfully identified proteins, mitofilin, endoplasmic reticulum protein ERp29, ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase complex core protein I, peroxisomal enoyl CoA hydratase, peroxiredoxin-4 and probable 3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1 precursor were the six novel proteins identified in human hepatocarcinoma cells or tissues. Specific functions of the identified heat-shock proteins were analyzed in detail, and the results suggested that these proteins might promote tumorigenesis via inhibiting cell death induced by several cancer-related stresses or via inhibiting apoptosis at multiple points in the apoptotic signal pathway. Other identified chaperones and cancer-related proteins were also analyzed.CONCLUSION: Based on the protein profile of SMMC-7721 cells, functional analysis suggests that the identified chaperones and cancer-related proteins have their own pathways to contribute to the tumorigenesis, tumor growth and metastasis of liver cancer. Furthermore, proteomic analysis is indicated to be feasible in the cancer study.
文摘The identification of liquor brands is very important for food safety. Most of the fake liquors are usually made into the products with the same flavor and alcohol content as regular brand, so the identification for the liquor brands with the same flavor and the same alcohol content is essential. However, it is also difficult because the components of such liquor samples are very similar. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to identification of liquor brands with the same flavor and alcohol content. A total of 160 samples of Luzhou Laojiao liquor and 200 samples of non-Luzhou Laojiao liquor with the same flavor and alcohol content were used for identification. Samples of each type were randomly divided into the modeling and validation sets. The modeling samples were further divided into calibration and prediction sets using the Kennard-Stone algorithm to achieve uniformity and representativeness. In the modeling and validation processes based on PLS-DA method, the recognition rates of samples achieved 99.1% and 98.7%, respectively. The results show high prediction performance for the identification of liquor brands, and were obviously better than those obtained from the principal component linear discriminant analysis method. NIR spectroscopy combined with the PLS-DA method provides a quick and effective means of the discriminant analysis of liquor brands, and is also a promising tool for large-scale inspection of liquor food safety.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971936)the Science &Technology Projects of Shandong Province, China (2019YQ028, 2020CXGC010805, 2019B08, 2019YQ014 and ZR2020MC093)
文摘Wheat grain yield is generally sink-limited during grain filling.The grain-filling rate(GFR)plays a vital role but is poorly studied due to the difficulty of phenotype surveys.This study explored the grain-filling traits in a recombinant inbred population and wheat collection using two highly saturated genetic maps for linkage analysis and genome-wide association study(GWAS).Seventeen stable additive quantitative trait loci(QTLs)were identified on chromosomes 1B,4B,and 5A.The linkage interval between IWB19555 and IWB56078 showed pleiotropic effects on GFR_(1),GFR_(max),kernel length(KL),kernel width(KW),kernel thickness(KT),and thousand kernel weight(TKW),with the phenotypic variation explained(PVE)ranging from 13.38%(KW)to 33.69%(TKW).198 significant marker-trait associations(MTAs)were distributed across most chromosomes except for 3D and 4D.The major associated sites for GFR included IWB44469(11.27%),IWB8156(12.56%)and IWB24812(14.46%).Linkage analysis suggested that IWB35850,identified through GWAS,was located in approximately the same region as QGFR_(max)2B.3-11,where two high-confidence candidate genes were present.Two important grain weight(GW)-related QTLs colocalized with grain-filling QTLs.The findings contribute to understanding the genetic architecture of the GFR and provide a basic approach to predict candidate genes for grain yield trait QTLs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.40976084,U1406403,41121064)
文摘We tested the use of otolith shape analysis to discriminate between species and stocks of five goby species( Ctenotrypauchen chinensis, Odontamblyopus lacepedii, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, Chaeturichthys stigmatias, and Acanthogobius hasta) found in northern Chinese coastal waters. The five species were well differentiated with high overall classification success using shape indices(83.7%), elliptic Fourier coefficients(98.6%), or the combination of both methods(94.9%). However, shape analysis alone was only moderately successful at discriminating among the four stocks(Liaodong Bay, LD; Bohai Bay, BH; Huanghe(Yellow) River estuary HRE, and Jiaozhou Bay, JZ stocks) of A. hasta(50%–54%) and C. stigmatias(65.7%–75.8%). For these two species, shape analysis was moderately successful at discriminating the HRE or JZ stocks from other stocks, but failed to effectively identify the LD and BH stocks. A large number of otoliths were misclassified between the HRE and JZ stocks, which are geographically well separated. The classification success for stock discrimination was higher using elliptic Fourier coefficients alone(70.2%) or in combination with shape indices(75.8%) than using only shape indices(65.7%) in C. stigmatias whereas there was little difference among the three methods for A. hasta. Our results supported the common belief that otolith shape analysis is generally more effective for interspecific identification than intraspecific discrimination. Moreover, compared with shape indices analysis, Fourier analysis improves classification success during inter- and intra-species discrimination by otolith shape analysis, although this did not necessarily always occur in all fish species.
基金supported by the National Defence Pre-research Foundation of China。
文摘Nyquist Folding Receiver(NYFR)is a perceptron structure that realizes a low probability of intercept(LPI)signal analog to information.Aiming at the problem of LPI radar signal receiving,the time domain,frequency domain,and time-frequency domain problems of signals intercepted by NYFR structure are studied.Combined with the time-frequency analysis(TFA)method,a radar recognition scheme based on deep learning(DL)is introduced,which can reliably classify common LPI radar signals.First,the structure of NYFR and its characteristics in the time domain,frequency domain,and time and frequency domain are analyzed.Then,the received signal is then converted into a time-frequency image(TFI).Finally,four kinds of DL algorithms are used to classify LPI radar signals.Simulation results demonstrate the correctness of the NYFR structure,and the effectiveness of the proposed recognition method is verified by comparison experiments.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40971275, 50811120111)
文摘Based on spatio-temporal correlativity analysis method, the automatic identification techniques for data anomaly monitoring of coal mining working face gas are presented. The asynchronous correlative characteristics of gas migration in working face airflow direction are qualitatively analyzed. The calculation method of asynchronous correlation delay step and the prediction and inversion formulas of gas concentration changing with time and space after gas emission in the air return roadway are provided. By calculating one hundred and fifty groups of gas sensors data series from a coal mine which have the theoretical correlativity, the correlative coefficient values range of eight kinds of data anomaly is obtained. Then the gas moni- toring data anomaly identification algorithm based on spatio-temporal correlativity analysis is accordingly presented. In order to improve the efficiency of analysis, the gas sensors code rules which can express the spatial topological relations are sug- gested. The experiments indicate that methods presented in this article can effectively compensate the defects of methods based on a single gas sensor monitoring data.
文摘High-end wine brand is made through the use of high-quality grape variety and yeast strain, and through a unique process. Not only is it rich in nutrients, but also it has a unique taste and a fragrant scent. Brand identification of wine is difficult and complex because of high similarity. In this paper, visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to explore the feasibility of wine brand identification. Chilean Aoyo wine (2016 vintage) was selected as the identification brand (negative, 100 samples), and various other brands of wine were used as interference brands (positive, 373 samples). Samples of each type were randomly divided into the calibration, prediction and validation sets. For comparison, the PLS-DA models were established in three independent and two complex wavebands of visible (400 - 780 nm), short-NIR (780 - 1100 nm), long-NIR (1100 - 2498 nm), whole NIR (780 - 2498 nm) and whole scanning (400 - 2498 nm). In independent validation, the five models all achieved good discriminant effects. Among them, the visible region model achieved the best effect. The recognition-accuracy rates in validation of negative, positive and total samples achieved 100%, 95.6% and 97.5%, respectively. The results indicated the feasibility of wine brand identification with Vis-NIR spectroscopy.
基金founded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81202283,81473070,81373102 and81202267)Key Grant of Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(10KJA330034 and11KJA330001)+1 种基金the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20113234110002)the Priority Academic Program for the Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(Public Health and Preventive Medicine)
文摘With recent advances in biotechnology, genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been widely used to identify genetic variants that underlie human complex diseases and traits. In case-control GWAS, typical statistical strategy is traditional logistical regression (LR) based on single-locus analysis. However, such a single-locus analysis leads to the well-known multiplicity problem, with a risk of inflating type I error and reducing power. Dimension reduction-based techniques, such as principal component-based logistic regression (PC-LR), partial least squares-based logistic regression (PLS-LR), have recently gained much attention in the analysis of high dimensional genomic data. However, the perfor- mance of these methods is still not clear, especially in GWAS. We conducted simulations and real data application to compare the type I error and power of PC-LR, PLS-LR and LR applicable to GWAS within a defined single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set region. We found that PC-LR and PLS can reasonably control type I error under null hypothesis. On contrast, LR, which is corrected by Bonferroni method, was more conserved in all simulation settings. In particular, we found that PC-LR and PLS-LR had comparable power and they both outperformed LR, especially when the causal SNP was in high linkage disequilibrium with genotyped ones and with a small effective size in simulation. Based on SNP set analysis, we applied all three methods to analyze non-small cell lung cancer GWAS data.