Assessment of Geological Security and Integrated Assessment Geo-environmental Suitability in Worst-hit Areas in Wenchuan Quake

The Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and geo-hazards triggered by the earthquake caused large injuries and deaths as well as destructive damage for infrastructures like construction, traffic and electricity. It is urgent to select relatively secure areas for townships and cities constructed in high mountainous regions with high magnitude earthquakes. This paper presents the basic thoughts, evaluation indices and evaluation methods of geological security evaluation, water and land resources security demonstration and integrated assessments of geo-environmental suitability for reconstruction in alp and ravine with high magnitude earthquakes, which are applied in the worst-hit areas （12 counties）. The integrated assessment shows that： （1） located in the Longmenshan fault zone, the evaluated area is of poor regional crust stability, in which the unstable and second unstable areas account for 79% of the total; （2） the geo-hazards susceptibility is high in the evaluation area. The spots of geo-hazards triggered by earthquake are mainly distributed along the active fault zone with higher distribution in the moderate and high mountains area, in which the areas of high and moderate susceptibility zoning accounts for 40.1% of the total; （3） geological security is poor in the evaluated area, in which the area of the unsuitable construction occupies 73.1%, whereas in the suitable construction area, the areas of geological security, second security and insecurity zoning account for 8.3 %, 9.3% and 9.3 % of the evaluated area respectively; （4） geo-environmentai suitability is poor in the evaluated area, in which the areas of suitability and basic suitability zoning account for 3.5% and 7.3% of the whole evaluation area.

Geo-environmental Investigations for the Suitability of TSDF Site

A geo-environmental investigation is carried out to identify the suitability for treatment,storage and disposal facility(TSDF) in the industrial area at Perundurai,Tamilnadu(India).State industries promotion corporation of Tamilnadu(SIPCOT), Perundurai is a fast growing industrial centre therefore,needs a common utility i.e.TSDF site for safe management of the industrial wastes.

Eco-Environmental Geochemistry of Heavy Metal Pollution in Dexing Mining Area

An eco-environmental geochemical investigation was carried out in and around the Dexing mining area to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in the surface water, sediments, soils and plants. The main objective of this study is to assess the environmental situation and evaluate the transferring of heavy metals from mining activities into the food chain. Some samples of water, sediment, topsoil and plant were collected along the Lean River in the Dexing mining area. The total concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and As were determined by AAS, and Hg was analyzed by cold-vapor AAS. Some indices such as ‘contamination degree’, ‘geoaccumulation index’, and ‘biological absorption coefficient’ were used to assess eco-environmental quality. The investigation indicated a highly localized distribution pattern closely associated with the two pollution sources along the Le’an River bank: one is strong acidity and a large amount of Cu in the drainage from the Dexing Cu mining area; and the other is the high concentrations of Pb and Zn in the effluents released from many smelters and mining, processing and extracting activities in the riparian zone. Results from the investigated localities indicated, at least in part, that some problems associated with environmental quality deterioration should be solved in the future.

Groundwater Conditions and the Geoenvironmental Impacts of the Recent Development in the South Eastern Part of the Western Desert of Egypt

The area to the southeast of the Western Desert of Egypt has been subjected to considerable development activities over the last few years. The development includes the cultivation of about 2260 km2 of the desert lands “the well-known Toshka Project”. The hydrogeological conditions of the area are subjected to detailed investigation based upon the construction of the water table maps, hydrologeologic cross-sections, pumping tests, aquifer geometry, and recharge-discharge relationship. The study revealed that the Quaternary and the Nubia sediments are the main water bearing layers in the area. The Quaternary aquifer is of limited potential and made of mixed sand with clay deposit ranges in thickness between 5 to 10 m. The Nubia aquifer is the oldest sedimentary formation and the main groundwater resources in the area. It is represented by multilayered of sand and silt exists generally under artesian conditions. It is composed of three water bearing horizons partially separated by two confining horizons and extends in thickness ranges between 70 and 230 meters. The thickness increases away from the high dam lake. The analysis of pumping tests of the aquifer indicated that its potentiality is increasing north of the High Dam Lake (HDL) whereas it decreases in the other direction. This is due to high hydraulic conductivity and aquifer thickness in the area northeast of Khor Toshka and at west of Garf Hussein. The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer ranges between 12.73 and 0.9 m/day. The review of the changes in groundwater levels in the area showed that there is a drop in ranges between 1 and 14 meters in the last few years indicating that the extraction from the groundwater is much more higher that the replacement rate. Also, the analysis of the fluctuation of water levels of the HDL and the groundwater level indicated that the influence of water on groundwater level in the area is observed only at a distance less than 10 km from the lake shore line. Seepage from the HDL is estimated as 238.13 × 106 m3/year. The geo-environmental impacts of the development on the surface water and groundwater in the area are evaluated.

Geochemistry of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil and Sediments of a Tanzanian Small-Scale Gold Mining Area

Small-scale gold mining is linked to significant environmental pollution by potentially toxic elements (PTEs). However, research on the pollution caused by such mining activities remains insufficient especially in developing countries. In the present study, a systematic investigation assessed the pollution and level of ecological risk of PTEs in soil and stream sediments in an active small scale gold mining area of Isanga, in Nzega, Tanzania. Samples amounting to 16 soil and 20 sediment were gathered from the study area and analyzed for five PTEs concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb) using the AAS method. The contamination level and ecological risk were assessed using several pollution indices. The results suggest that the assessed environmental systems of the Isanga mining area and its vicinities are lowly contaminated by PTEs and have a low potential to pose ecological risks. Hg and Cd with mean concentrations of 0.09 mg/kg and 0.26 mg/kg respectively were found to be the most enriched PTEs in soil, compared to their average continental crust concentrations (0.056 mg/kg and 0.102 mg/kg respectively). The levels of the evaluated PTEs in the study area are susceptible to increase over time if proactive steps are not taken to control mining and waste disposal activities.

矿山地质环境灾变与保护修复研究现状与展望

矿山开采不仅会引发地表沉降、建(构)筑物损毁等安全灾害,还会造成土壤环境破坏、生态系统退化等生态环境灾害。地质环境灾害的类型和特征与采矿方法有关,并且多种地质环境灾害的发生具有耦合性。我国常采用自由垮落、支护加固和剥离排土3种方法处理采区覆岩,分别形成了以长壁垮落法开采、柱式开采和露天开采为代表的3类采空区。综述了3类采区的地质灾害致灾机理、灾害链网形成机制,讨论了地质灾害监测、多灾耦合研究中存在的问题。研究表明:①矿区地质环境灾害主要包括工程安全灾害和生态环境灾害两大类,前者表现为地物空间位置改变引起的采动附加应力损坏各类工程体,后者反映为地物属性变化引起的生态要素缺失和物质能量流动改变;②不同地质环境灾害之间存在耦合性,一种地质环境灾害的出现可能引起一系列次生灾害,形成灾害链网,虽然变形监测、遥感等技术可用于获取地物位置、属性信息,但由于地质环境灾害成灾的复杂性以及传统单一监测预测技术手段的局限性,目前难以对地质灾害进行准确预报预测;③应整合已有的各类变形监测、遥感、传感器、工程检测等技术构建“空—天—建—地—井—人”监测技术体系,融合多源地质环境数据探明矿区物理环境场。在上述分析的基础上,基于多学科交叉视角对矿区地质环境灾害的未来研究方向进行了展望。认为后续研究重点在于:①完善多源数据标准化工作,加强数据安全共享,构建地质环境保护“知识库”;②依托AI辅助和地质环境保护“知识库”,研究矿区多灾耦合机理,明确致灾关键因素,构建灾害链网;③基于灾害链网加强跨学科研究,融合多源数据—模型形成“透明地质条件—矿山开采设计—采动损害/物理场分布特征评价—工程安全预测评价/生态过程预测评价—工程加固维修/生态环境修复”全过程工作机制。分析结果有助于进一步梳理矿区多灾耦合问题的研究思路,对于地质环境灾害综合保护和治理具有较好的参考意义。

金属矿山的主要矿山地质环境问题探讨

矿山地质环境关系到矿山开采对周围环境的影响程度,是矿山生态环境修复的重要基础。金属矿山具有其自身特点,本文对金属矿山的主要矿山地质环境问题进行了探讨,并分析了造成此类问题的常见原因,以期为其他金属矿山地质环境问题提供参考。

双太阳翼GEO卫星在轨角动量管控方法

地球同步轨道(GEO)卫星在轨的主要环境干扰力矩为太阳光压力矩和重力梯度力矩,干扰力矩的累积效应表现为飞轮转速的变化,需要通过外力矩进行角动量卸载避免飞轮饱和。由于GEO磁场极弱,卫星无法使用磁力矩卸载,只能通过喷气卸载,而喷气将对卫星轨道产生影响,因此需要尽可能延长卸载周期。针对配置双对称太阳电池阵GEO卫星的角动量管控需求,首先建立卫星在惯性空间中角动量积累模型,并映射到卫星本体系中,得到本体系中的角动量变化规律。通过飞轮在轨转速遥测数据,精确辨识获取环境干扰力矩特征参数,获得真实可靠的干扰模型。以角动量卸载周期最长为原则,基于在轨环境干扰模型制定角动量管控策略,并准确预估下次角动量卸载时间。经在轨数据处理与分析表明:提出的角动量管控策略,可有效将飞轮的角动量卸载周期提升为原来的2倍,有效提升卫星在轨应用效能,具有实际工程意义。

郑州市城区中层基坑工程地质环境适宜性评价

基坑工程是地下空间建设的主要开发形式。为了更加科学合理地开发城市地下空间,在对郑州市已有地质资料梳理的基础上,构建适用于中层基坑工程的地质环境适宜性评价指标体系,采用多目标线性加权函数法对郑州市中层基坑工程地质环境适宜性进行综合评价。研究结果表明:郑州市中层基坑工程地质环境适宜性评价指标可划分为5大类13个指标,其中基坑稳定性、潜水水位埋深、含水层富水性对评价结果的影响较大。综合评价结果中适宜性好区位于京广铁路以西,适宜性中等区分布在京广铁路以东、东风渠以南、京广高速铁路以西的区域,适宜性差区分布在龙湖附近及京广高速铁路以东的区域内,禁止建设区沿水库、南水北调工程、铁路、地下文物分布。评价结果表明郑州市中层基坑工程开发条件整体适宜性中等。郑州市中层基坑工程地质环境适宜性评价工作适用性较强,可为郑州市地下空间开发利用规划提供技术支撑,且评价指标体系可用于地质条件类似的城市的地下空间地质环境适宜性评价工作中。

苗疆地区吊脚楼地理环境适应性建筑设计研究

现代建筑设计因过度追求创新与效率,导致城市景观同质化,削弱地域特色的独特魅力。本文分析朗德苗寨与凤凰古城吊脚楼实例,揭示地形、气候和生态适应策略。吊脚楼通过“架空”与“坐山”手法应对复杂地形和湿热气候,尊重生态。其材料、布局和文化融合为现代建筑提供可持续利用、气候适应和文化传承的借鉴。

基于Geo-WebServices的农田环境动态监测与评价分析系统

为实现农田环境质量数据的在线共享、查询统计与评价分析服务,该文结合地统计学及农田环境质量监测相关专业知识建立采样点布设优选评价模型,并基于GIS、GNSS、角色访问控制等技术,设计开发了农田环境动态监测与评价分析系统。应用证明,系统采用Geo-WebServices技术能够实现分布式存储的极高分辨率遥感影像和大比例尺基础地理数据等数据服务的实时在线集成与共享,提高了数据分析精度,也解决了高精度基础空间数据的共享安全性及数据版权的问题;能依据角色分配用户权限,使得系统安全可靠;能灵活定制与管理农田环境监测评价与预警分析等模型,并实现从采样布设优选评价、采样点数据预处理、环境质量评价与预警分析及结果多方式直观的可视化等全流程的动态监测分析功能,系统能有效应用于农田环境质量监测与管理。

Geological Disaster Evaluation of the Xixi Watershed of the Jinjiang River Based on the Coupling of Landscape and Multiple Factors

Six evaluation factors were selected to evaluate the susceptibility level of the Xixi Watershed to geological disasters such as collapse and landslide, namely formation lithology, rainfall, gradient, aspect, vegetation and buffer zone. The results showed that Longmen Town, Gongqiao Town, Lianhua Town, and Chengxiang Town in the lower reaches of the Xixi Watershed were more susceptible to geological disasters in case of rainstorm because of the easily-collapsed formation lithology; riverbank erosion by runoff was enhanced during rainstorm, thus both sides of the rivers in Chengxiang Town at the estuary of the Xixi Watershed were most susceptible to geological disasters; in case of rainstorm, geological disaster monitoring in location areas of Longmen Town, Guanqiao Town, Lianhua Town, Chengxiang Town in the lower reaches, particularly trunk streams in Chengxiang Town, should be enhanced. By evaluating environmental geo-disasters of the Xixi Watershed, the blank in the environmental geo-disaster evaluation of the local area will be filled in, and scientific support will be provided for the future prevention of environmental geodisaster.

Spatial Analysis for Flood Control by Using Environmental Modeling

To create the final spatial information and analysis, flood hazard maps and land development priority maps and information, data for the flood events to 2009 in north of Iran were incorporated with using Geo-spatial Information System data of physiographic divisions, geologic divisions, land cover classification, elevation, drainage network, administrative districts and population density and environmental parameters modeling. Special analysis also attention was paid to population density for the construction of the land development priority map and using satellite image analysis to determine land use changes and analysis of geo-spatial information, because highly dense populated areas represent the highly important urban and industrial areas. While geo-information technology offers an opportunity to support flood management adequate geo-spatial information is a prerequisite for sustainable development, but many parts of the world lack adequate information on environmental resources. Such information providing, which serves as an important tool for decision-making in land use planning, can help provide effective information to natural disaster management. This paper develops a framework for flood control and begins with some general comments on the importance of land use planning and outlines some current environmental issues and then presenting environmental models to use in disaster management plan by using GIS and remote sensing results. Flood control is a complex problem that requires cooperation of many scientists in different fields. The article also discusses the role that geo-information and environmental planning and GIS and remote sensing technology play in disaster management control to reduce negative impacts of flood and present proper alternatives for developing of Gorganrood in the north of Iran. Advanced high-resolution sensor technology has provided immense scope to the decision makers for analysis of flood and damages details using GIS and remote sensing.

A Geospatial Approach to Measuring Surface Disturbance Related to Oil and Gas Activities in West Florida, USA

Oil and gas exploration and production activities (OGEPA) can produce surface disturbances created by the construction of roads, well pads, oil wells, pipelines, production facilities and storage pits. These alterations can range from landscape conversion to transformation depending on location, regulations and enforcement, environmental best practices and state vs. multinational management. Though not known as a major oil and gas state, Florida is ranked 23rd in gas and 24th in oil production nationally. Jay oilfield, located in West Florida’s panhandle region, is the largest and top producer in the state. Though production peaked in 1979, a nationwide upsurge is taking place that could affect Florida. The accounting from above approach proposed here is well suited to understand the role that the infrastructure surface footprint has on West Florida’s landscape and how to monitor potential changes underway. It involves remote sensing, GIS techniques and landscape ecology metrics to quantify surface disturbance in Santa Rosa County’s six oilfields and then ranks each field based on environmental performance (sustainability). Findings suggest that agricultural conversion is the leading driver of land-use and land-cover (LULC) change, while OGEPA have created small-scale surface alterations. This paper’s approach can help oil companies, land managers and local government authorities understand the spatial extent of OGEPA onshore alterations and plan future scenarios, particularly as drilling and production increase in the current shale revolution occurring throughout the US, as well as expanded drilling planned for Florida.

干旱内陆河流域土地利用转型的生态环境效应变化特征及其驱动因素探测

为探讨土地利用转型对生态环境质量的影响并明确相关驱动因素作用机理,以黑河流域中游这一典型干旱内陆河为研究对象,利用生态环境质量指数、标准差椭圆模型和地理探测器工具,在对研究区2000—2020年土地利用转型生态环境效应数量变化、空间分布及方向特征进行多维测定基础上,对影响生态质量空间分异的驱动因素及其交互作用机制进行了识别与分析。结果表明:(1) 2000—2020年,研究区土地利用转型频发,林地、灌木和人造地表大幅增加,草地、裸地和湿地减少,“南草北裸”的空间分布特征未发生扭转,草地和裸地是流域其他地类最为重要的转型补给源;(2)黑河流域中游生态环境质量整体处于较低水平但向好发展,“北低南高”的空间分布格局显著,其生态环境质量呈“正西北—正东南”朝向的变化趋势特征;(3)人为活动及高程、植被覆盖和坡度是黑河流域生态环境质量空间分异的主要驱动因子,自然、社会和经济诸因素激烈的交互与协同作用,共同导致流域生态环境质量的空间分异。综上,黑河流域中游生态环境质量趋好,但需严控人为活动,保障流域土地利用与生态安全持续稳定。

水工环地质技术在地质灾害治理工程中的应用分析

随着我国科学技术的不断发展,水工环地质技术的出现和应用,解决了我国地质灾害治理工作中很多问题,不仅提高了地质灾害治理工作的效率和安全,也为地质灾害的防御奠定了坚实的基础。因此,研究水工环地质技术在地质灾害治理工程中的应用,可以很好的了解目前水工环地质技术在地质灾害治理工程中的应用现状,找到水工环地质技术在地质灾害治理工程中的应用问题,针对这些问题来制定相应的解决措施,以便可以更好地进行水工环地质技术的应用,发挥出水工环地质技术的真实作用,控制地质灾害的范围,推动地质灾害治理工作的发展。

浅析复合土工膜在路面基层养生中的应用

论文以G204烟上线莱阳山前店至冯格庄段改建工程为依托,针对传统养生存在问题,在室外研究的基础上,比较复合土工膜与普通草帘、毛毡洒水养生的优劣;并结合实际工程,介绍复合土工膜养生的效果,并对其经济、环保效益进行分析。结果表明,在特定条件下,利用复合土工膜养生效果好,施工可操作性高,具有良好的经济、环保效益,是一项切实可行、有广阔前景的应用。

基于空间计量模型的古镇环境风貌要素对游人活动影响研究以乌镇西栅为例

解析古镇环境风貌要素与游人时空行为的关联,对古镇旅游目的地规划设计的研究与实践具有重大意义。研究选取乌镇西栅景区作为研究案例地,通过百度大数据解析游人时空行为分布特征,综合运用空间计量模型深入揭示游人时空活动强度的影响因子及其作用强度和交互作用机制,并在此基础上对古镇环境设计和改造提出了建议。

宁夏清水河平原生态脆弱性评价及驱动因子分析

生态脆弱性评价是了解区域生态环境现状的重要途径,通过生态脆弱性评估,可为区域生态环境建设和可持续发展提供科学依据。以宁夏清水河平原为研究对象,基于2015年、2018年、2021年3期遥感数据,运用层次分析法、空间自相关法、主成分分析法以及地理探测器模型等对研究区生态环境脆弱性时空演变特征及其驱动因素进行综合评价。结果表明:研究区生态环境总体呈不断改善的趋势,轻度和低度生态脆弱性面积显著增加,增长率分别为20.7%和70.1%,生态环境脆弱性整体处于中度偏高脆弱等级,呈现西南低东北高的分布格局。空间自相关分析表明,研究区生态环境脆弱性分布存在一定的正相关和空间集聚性。地理探测器结果表明:降雨、TDS、蒸发、地下水埋深是影响生态环境脆弱性的主要驱动因子,其中降雨、TDS、蒸发交互作用是导致研究区生态环境脆弱性的主要驱动力。

矿山环境修复治理模式理论与实践

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