Dynamic Change Analysis of Urban Green Land in Jinan City Based RS and Geo-information Tupu

The three-period (1995, 1998 and 2003) remote sensing images in Jinan City, China are selected. And the information of green land, construction land, woodland and water body is extracted by using the image processing module of remote-sensing software and computerized interpretation module. Both the change table and transfer matrix table of land use area are analyzed by modeling module of remote-sensing software. Then, the Geo-information Tupu is obtained; and the temporal and spatial variation of land use in Jinan City is monitored and analyzed by Geo-information Tupu and transfer matrix. Result shows that land use structure change of Jinan City in the years 1995-1998 shows a transformation from green land to construction land. Area of green land circulating into construction land reaches 62.27 square kilometers, accounting for 25.84% of the initial green land. In the year 1998, areas of woodland and green land are reduced due to the urban expansion of Jinan City. However, with the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection, areas of woodland and green land gradually increase in the year 2003, which are still less than those in the year 1995.

Tupu methods of spatial-temporal pattern on land use change:a case study in the Yellow River Delta

Comprehensive study on land-use change of spatial pattern and temporal process is the key component in LUCC study nowadays. Based on the theories and methods of Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI), integration of spatial pattern and temporal processes of land-use change in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) are studied in the paper, which is supported by ERDAS and ARC/INFO software. The main contents include: (1) concept models of Tupu by spatial-temporal integration on land-use change, whose Tupu unit is synthesized by "Spatial·Attribute·Process" features and composed of relatively homogeneous geographical unit and temporal unit; (2) data sources and handling process, where four stages of spatial features in 1956, 1984, 1991, and 1996 are acquired; (3) integration of series of temporal-spatial Tupu, reconstruction series of "Arising" Tupu, spatial-temporal Process Tupu and the spatial temporal Pattern Tupu on land-use change by remap tables; (4) Pattern Tupu analysis on land-use change in YRD during 1956-1996; and (5) spatial difference of the Pattern Tupu analysis by dynamic Tupu units. The various landform units and seven sub-deltas generated by the Yellow River since 1855 are different. The Tupu analysis on land-use in the paper is a promising try on the comprehensive research of "spatial pattern of dynamic process" and "temporal process of spatial pattern" in LUCC research. The Tupu methodology would be a powerful and efficient tool on integrated studies of spatial pattern and temporal process in Geo-science.

基于灾害系统论的《中国自然灾害系统地图集》编制

基于区域灾害系统理论,编制出版了《中国自然灾害系统地图集》(2003年)。与《中国自然灾害地图集》(1993年)相比,该图集的内容设计是在多层面上体现孕灾环境、承灾体、致灾因子和灾情的系统结构特点。制图表示方法设计是基于自然灾害数据库,通过多种表示方法的组合和图面配置,充分表达灾害系统空间格局的时间变化过程特征和灾害过程的空间格局特征。探索用"灾害系统图谱法"实现灾害格局与过程的复合表达。在地图编制的色彩和符号系统、图组页、导航标志、图文配置等方面,都充分贯穿灾害系统的设计思想。

地学信息图谱的基础理论探讨

文章在分析地学信息图谱的发展现状的基础上,从基本概念与特点、研究内容与目标、研究意义等几方面来阐述地学信息图谱的基本理论,最后对地学信息图谱的发展前景进行了展望。

基于CA-Markov模型的山东省临沂市土地利用格局变化研究及预测

以山东省临沂市为例,基于1990年、2000年和2010年Landsat TM影像数据,运用马尔科夫(Markov)转移矩阵及地学信息图谱理论分析20a的土地利用格局变化,并利用CA-Markov模型对2020年研究区域的土地利用类型进行预测和模拟。结果表明:(1)耕地面积不断减少,但仍为研究区域的基质景观,建设用地面积不断增加,耕地转移成建设用地是土地转移的主要轨迹。(2)耕地—耕地—耕地为代表的稳定型图谱的面积最大,分布最广;反复变化型图谱所占比例较小。(3)2020年土地利用类型预测结果显示,土地利用格局将保持1990—2010年的变化趋势,耕地面积主要转出为建设用地。区域的优势景观仍为耕地,其次为建设用地;林地、水体、草地和未利用地面积变化较小,处在相对的动态平衡状态。研究结果为临沂市土地资源社会经济和环境生态协调发展提供了重要的参考依据。

试论新世纪地理信息科学的发展

本文重点分析了当前国内外地理信息科学的形成与发展趋势和地理信息科学不断发展的历程 ,提出近期发展的前沿 ,以及当前地理信息产业化面临的一些重要问题。最后提出对地理信息科学发展的意见。

“广义对称”视角下上海夜间经济集聚中心识别方法与空间分异机理

作为增加就业、提振消费及带动区域发展的城市消费“新蓝海”,夜间经济在“后疫情时代”逐渐成为研究热点。“夜间经济集聚中心”是夜间经济发展的核心和基础,国内外鲜有研究,它作为社会经济要素,具有非均匀对称和“灰色聚集”的特点,因此无法简单套用传统地理集聚中心的识别方法。研究从夜间经济的集聚机理出发,基于“点—轴系统”理论,提出了一种夜间经济集聚中心的识别提取方法,并利用广义对称图谱解构上海市中心城区夜间经济集聚中心的空间格局及其分异机理。首次为快速准确地识别夜间经济集聚中心,科学地挖掘其空间分布特点提供了系统的方法参考,为推动夜间经济的繁荣和可持续发展提供了决策支持。结果显示:在上海市中心城区范围内,共提取了12个一级夜间经济集聚中心,26个二级夜间经济集聚区,夜间经济平均活力值分别为0.49和0.24。研究表明:(1)该方法能快速识别和提取夜间经济集聚中心。(2)上海夜间经济集聚中心呈“中心—外围”空间分布格局,交通导向性强;(3)基础设施完善程度和距市中心距离,是上海夜间经济空间集聚分异的主要驱动因子。(4)集聚中心的“色对称”空间格局,表明上海夜经济处于一种合理、可持续的发展阶段;未来规划中,可沿地铁二号线东西扩展并内部填充,亦可将集聚对称中心连接线作为发展轴,以“集聚区”的形式提升夜经济集聚效应。

Characteristics of landscape information Tupu of the Yellow River swings and its subdeltas during 1855―2000

Based on the theories and methods of cartography on spatial pattern and temporal evolution in Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI) and the quantitative measurements of pattern and process in landscape ecology, the methodology of landscape information Tupu in studying the swing process of the Yellow River (YR) over the Yellow River Delta (YRD) during 1855― 2000 has been demonstrated. The main content includes: (1) methodology of landscape information Tupu; (2) evolution process Tupu of YR rump channels; (3) evolution process Tupu of the 7 pieces of subdeltas in YRD during 1855―2000; (4) landscape information Tupu of the modern YRD and the current YRD; (5) landscape information Tupu of YR rump channels on the 7 pieces of subdeltas during 1855―2000; and (6) corridor-matrix landscape information Tupu by YR swings. The methodology of landscape information Tupu here is still primary but we hope that it could provide a new tool for exploring an integrated research on spatiotemporal approaches for landscape "pattern and process".

多星数据协同的地块尺度作物分类与面积估算方法研究

为了解决多云雨地区遥感数据时空覆盖缺失的问题,以满足对地块尺度作物种植信息日益迫切的应用需求,本文在遥感图谱认知理论框架下发展了一种基于多星数据协同的地块尺度作物识别与面积估算方法。首先,基于米级高分辨率影像提取农田地块对象;其次,通过对多源中分辨率时序影像的有效化处理和指数计算,获取"碎片化"的高时空覆盖有效数据,并以地块对象为单元构建时间序列;然后,在时序分析基础上,建立多维特征空间,结合作物生长物候特征,构建决策树模型进行作物分类识别与面积计算;最后,以湖南省宁远县为研究区开展了水稻种植信息的提取实验。结果表明:本文方法可在农田地块尺度下实现不同水稻类型的准确识别及其种植面积的精细提取,早、中、晚稻的用户精度分别可达94.33%、90.76%和95.95%,总体分类精度为92.51%,Kappa系数为0.90;早、中、晚稻面积提取精度分别为93.37%、91.23%和95.42%。试验结果证明了本文方法的有效性,为其他作物种植信息的精细提取提供了借鉴。