Geochemical analysis of marine sediments using fused glass disc by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

A method was developed for content determination of Na, Mg, A1, Si, P,S, C1, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Nb, Zr, Y, Sr, Rb, Ba, La and Ce etc. covering 26 major, minor, and trace elements in marine sediment samples using fused glass disc by X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry. Calibration was made using marine sediment certified reference materials and the synthetic standard samples prepared by mixing several marine sediments with stream sediment and carbonate standard samples in different proportions. The matrix effect was corrected using theoretical alpha coefficients, experience coefficients and the scattered radiation as the internal standard （for the trace elements）. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by analysis of certified reference materials GBW07314, GBW07334 and GSMS6. The results are in good agreement with the certified values of the standards with RSD less than 2.60%, except for Y, Cr, Ga, Ce, La, Nb, Rb, and V with RSD less than 9.0% （n=12）.

Fluorescence Microscopic Image Analysis of Nucleic Acids Based on The Capillary Flow Directed Assembly Ring of Neutral Red-nucleic Acid Supramolecular Complexes

It is critical to establish a direct and precise method with a high sensitivity and selectivity in analytical chemistry. In this research, making use of a well known phenomenon of capillary flow, we have proposed an image analysis method of nucleic acids at the price of a small amount of sample. When a droplet of the supramolecular complex solution, formed by neutral red and nucleic acids(NA) under an approximate neutral condition, was placed on the hydrophobic surface of dimethyl dichlorosilane pretreated glass slides, and it was evaporated, the supramolecular complex exhibited the periphery of the droplet due to the capillary effect, and accumulated there to form a red capillary flow directed assembly ring(CFDAR). A typical CFDAR has an outer diameter of (2 r ) about 1.18 mm and a ring width(2 δ ) of about 41 μm. Depending on the experimental conditions, a variety of CFDAR can be assembled. The experimental results are in agreement with our former theoretical discussion. It was found that when a droplet volume is 0.1 μL, the fluorescence intensity of the CFDAR formed by the NR NA is in proportion to the content of calf thymus DNA in the range of 0-0.28 ng, fish sperm DNA of 0-0.24 ng and yeast RNA of 0-0.16 ng with the limit of detection(3 σ ) of 1 7, 1.4 and 0.9 pg, respectively for the three nucleic acids.

Technique of Hadamard transform microscope fluorescence image analysis

Hadamard transform spatial multiplexed imaging technique is combined with fluorescence microscope and an instrument of Hadamard transform microscope fluorescence image analysis is developed. Images acquired by this instrument can provide a lot of useful information simultaneously, including three-dimensional Hadamard transform microscope cell fluorescence image, the fluorescence intensity and fluorescence distribution of a cell, the background signal intensity and the signal/noise ratio, etc.

Mouse Karyotype Obtained by Combining DAPI Staining with Image Analysis

In this study, mitotic metaphase chromosomes in mouse were identified by a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique combining DAPI staining with image analysis. Clear 4＇, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole （DAPI） multiple bands like （J-hands could be produced in mouse. The Meta- Morph software was then used to generate linescans of pixel intensity for the banded chromosomes from short arm to long arm. These linescans were sufficient not only to identify each individual chromosome but also analyze the physical sites of bands in chromosome. Based on the results, the clear and accurate karyotype of mouse metaphase chromosomes was established. The technique is therefore considered to he a new method for cytological studies of mouse.

Image Analysis in Microbiology: A Review

This review is focused on using computer image analysis as a means of objective and quantitative characterizing optical images of the macroscopic (e.g. microbial colonies) and the microscopic (e.g. single cell) objects in the microbiological research. This is the way of making many visual inspection assays more objective and less time and labor consuming. Also, it can provide new visually inaccessible information on relation between some optical parameters and various biological features of the microbial cul-tures. Of special interest is application of image analysis in fluorescence microscopy as it opens new ways of using fluorescence based methodology for single microbial cell studies. Examples of using image analysis in the studies of both the macroscopic and the microscopic microbiological objects obtained by various imaging techniques are presented and discussed.

Computer Image Analysis as a Tool for Microbial Viability Assessment: Examples of Use and Prospects

Application of the computer image analysis for improving microbial viability assessment by plate count and fluorescence microscopy was investigated. Yeast cells were used as a model microorganism. The application of the improved methods for the viability assessment of yeast cells after preservation by freezing and freeze-drying was demonstrated.

Semi-quantitative analysis on the content of berberine hydrochloride in compound berberine tablets with the fluorescence spectral imaging method

The content of berberine hydrochloride(BH)in compound berberine tablets(CBTs)is subject to strict requirements.Its content is usually measured based on chemical analysis.In this paper,the fluorescence spectral imaging method was used to study the relative content of BH from a physics perspective.By comparing the relative fluorescence intensity of self-made CBTs with di®erent mass percentages of BH,a linear positive relationship was observed between the BH content and the relative fluorescence intensity,and accordingly the quality of CBTs of different brands was evaluated.The results indicate that the fluorescence spectral imaging method can be a simple,fast and nondestructive semi-quantitative analysis method to determine the content of BH in CBTs,and this method has great potential in the quality control of CBTs.

Research progress on fluorescence analysis of antitumor Chinese medicine components

This paper classifies the anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine's fluorescence analysis and finds that its research content mainly includes two aspects:the application of fluorescence analysis in the determination of the effective component content of anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine;the study of the combined use of fluorescence imaging technology and the drug.According to literature analysis,it is found that although the research on the fluorescence analysis of anti-tumor Chinese medicine components is in a good state of development,it still needs to explore further in the identification of unknown components and deeper research on known components.Therefore,it can provide a certain basis for clinical guidance of tumor patients.

肺腺癌患者单孔胸腔镜肺段切除术中IQQA-3D图像分析系统指导下荧光反染技术的应用价值

目的探究肺腺癌患者单孔胸腔镜肺段切除术中应用三维智能交互式定性定量分析(IQQA-3D)图像分析系统指导下荧光反染技术的应用价值。方法选取96例肺腺癌单孔胸腔镜切除术患者,根据实际操作技术的不同将上述研究对象划分为观察组(n=54)、对照组(n=42),对照组患者接受传统单孔胸腔镜肺段切除术治疗,观察组患者接受IQQA-3D图像分析系统指导的荧光反染技术单孔胸腔镜肺段切除术治疗。记录两组手术持续时长、术中出血量、胸管持续引流时间、术后住院时间、手术切缘宽度、交界线识别率、交界线呈现时间、术后不良事件发生率,并进行比较。结果观察组患者的手术时间短于对照组;术中出血量显著少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组胸管持续引流时间以及术后住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);另外,两组手术切缘宽度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);然而观察组的交界线识别率显著高于对照组,交界线呈现时间显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术后不良事件发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肺腺癌患者单孔胸腔镜肺段切除术应用IQQA-3D图像分析系统指导下的荧光反染技术,能够有效缩短手术时间、降低术中出血量、提高交界线识别率且降低识别时间,同时降低不良事件发生率,具有较高的应用价值。

基于荧光显微量化分析的SBS改性沥青溶胀行为表征

SBS是改性沥青中最常用的改性剂,其溶胀状态对沥青性能具有显著影响。通过针入度、软化点、延度等试验研究了SBS改性沥青的宏观性能;基于荧光显微技术,研究了对不同剪切时间下SBS改性沥青中SBS相场分布和溶胀状态,并对SBS的溶胀发育行为进行了量化表征;建立了宏观性能与显微形态参数的线性关系模型,并分析显微形态参数对宏观性能的影响规律。分析结果表明:剪切时间对SBS改性沥青的物理性能有显著影响。随着剪切时间的增加,SBS颗粒的数量、长短轴比、圆形度、面积比和平均面积均发生了变化。剪切时间由5 min增加至55 min,SBS颗粒数量增加了68%;长短轴比值增加了47%,颗粒形状由椭圆趋向长条状变化;SBS颗粒面积比增加了40.88%,平均面积增大了24.93倍。剪切60~90 min,SBS颗粒继续溶胀发育,SBS颗粒数重复剪切5~55 min的变化过程。SBS颗粒的面积比和平均面积与宏观性能中的软化点存在显著的线性关系。

Coherency Evaluation of Spatiotemporal Neural Activities in the Molluscan Olfactory Center Applying Extracellular Recording with Wavelet Analysis

The procerebrum (PC) of the land slug Limax is the olfactory center involved in olfactory discrimination and learning. In the PC, an oscillation of local field potential (LFP) with 0.5 - 1 Hz is observed by electrophysiological extracellular recording. Additionally, spatiotemporal neural activities in the PC have been examined using optical recordings. However, extracellular recording is preferable to measure neural activities for a long time with a high speed, while it is not abundant in spatial information. In this study, we therefore attempted to elicit spatial information from extracellular recording. For this purpose, we evaluated spatial information included in the LFP compared with the spatiotemporal neural activities measured by the fluorescent voltage imaging. As a result, aversive odors induced the coherent spatiotemporal neural activities in the PC, and the increase in coherency was observed as a change in the LFP waveform. It was also evaluated as a decrease in entropy by analyzing the LFP oscillation patterns and wavelet analysis. Thus, although the LFP provides only one series of signals, the coherency of the spatiotemporal neural activities in the PC can be evaluated by applying extracellular recording with wavelet analysis.

OPTIMIZATION OF DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR FLUORESCENCE LAMINAR OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY

Laminar optical tomography(LOT)is a mesoscopic tomographic imaging technique ranging between confocal microscopy and diffuse optical tomography(DOT).Fluorescence LOT(FLOT)provides depth-resolved molecular information with 100-200μm resolution over 2-3mm depth.In this study,we use Monte Carlo simulation and singular-value analysis(SVA)to optimize the source-detector configurations for potential enhancement of FLOT imaging performance.The effects of different design parameters,including source incidence and detector collection angles,detector number,and sampling density,are presented.The results indicate that angled incidence/detection configuration might improve the imaging resolution and depth sensitivity,especially for low-scattering medium.Increasing the number of detectors and the number of scanning steps will also result in enhanced imaging performance.We also demonstrate that the optimal imaging performance depends upon the background scattering coe±cient.Our result might provide an optimization strategy for FLOT or LOT experimental setup.

基于微流控液滴-荧光成像平台分析单细胞分泌的细胞因子

血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是生理性和病理性血管生成的重要调节因子。尽管单细胞分析技术最近取得了进展,但用于跟踪单细胞外泌因子的能力仍然有限。该研究报道了一个用于单细胞外泌因子的微液滴-荧光成像分析平台,该平台集微液滴分隔单细胞与荧光成像追踪分泌细胞因子的单细胞的双功能于一体,提高了液滴的有效率。采用两种免疫二氧化硅纳米粒子为探针(分别为捕获探针和检测探针),首先将捕获探针锚定在细胞膜表面,使其捕获更多的细胞分泌因子;其次是染料掺杂的荧光检测探针实现信号报告功能,在VEGF存在下可形成免疫夹心构型,实现了检测探针在细胞表面富集,提高了检测VEGF的灵敏度。应用该平台在单细胞水平上研究了三种细胞系(MCF-7,HeLa,H8)分泌VEGF的能力,实现了基于外泌因子含量的细胞异质性分析。

针孔参数优化对激光扫描共聚焦显微镜荧光成像的影响

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)是一种高分辨率的光学成像仪器,它利用“共轭成像”原理,获得的图片质量远超于普通荧光显微镜。LSCM有两组功能不同的针孔,即照明针孔和探测针孔,这是实现“共轭成像”的关键。由于照明针孔的大小和位置一般是固定的,LSCM主要通过调节探测针孔的大小来获得高质量的成像图片。然而,很多使用者对于LSCM中针孔大小与荧光成像质量的关联缺乏了解。因此,本文阐述了针孔在LSCM中的作用原理及其与显微镜分辨率的关系,并通过小鼠脊髓腹侧白质中的免疫荧光成像分析,发现针孔参数优化对提高LSCM荧光成像质量具有显著影响。这一发现将为LSCM成像分析提供重要参考。

车载台式能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪在地球化学勘查现场分析中的应用

充分发挥小型实验室设备的功能以提高现场快速分析的能力。在内蒙和新疆两地覆盖区的钻探现场,采用车载化台式偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪,对由轻便钻采集的覆盖层和基岩样品进行了贱金属分析。共采集、制备和分析了约400件钻探样品,采用能量色散X射线荧光光谱法、波长色散X射线荧光光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法对这些样品进行比对分析。现场分析数据与实验室分析数据(各方法的平均值)的比对结果表明,K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、As、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Ba、Pb、Th等20余种元素的分析数据的一致性良好;含量超过10μg/g时,除了V和Ba外,其他元素的平均相对偏差均小于25%。在现场作为质控样品分析4个地质标准物质GBW07301～GBW07304,测定结果表明,除了低含量的Cu和Ga外,上述其他18种元素均符合地质行业标准地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范(1∶20万)规定的误差要求。应用研究表明,设计的仪器车载化方案可行,现场分析方法快速、准确,适用于野外钻探、化探等急需现场数据支持的工作。

油气水层的地球化学识别方法

测井解释是油气层识别最常用方法，它是依据储层流体物理性质差异解释油气水层。由于测井解释受储层岩石成分、地层水矿化度及泥浆侵入等多种因素的影响，因此在解释一些低阻油气层及气层和凝析气层时，常常出现偏差，油气水界面也难以确定。地球化学方法主要是根据储层残留烃的化学性质识别油、气水层，它不受储层岩石成分及储层流体物理性质等因素的影响，只与储层流体的化学性质有关，可弥补测井解释方法的不足，为油气水层的识别提供一种新方法。文章详细研究油层、凝析气层及水层的地球化学特征，结果表明，油层、气层和水层的抽提物含量、荧光强度与荧光分布以及储层烃的碳数分布完全不同，可用来识别油气水层。

便携式X荧光分析仪在矿产勘查中的应用

在野外矿产勘查时,某些元素在一定的条件下,可以采用对显晶矿物的观察,用目估的方法获得,但多数元素只能使用取样分析的方法获得,而有的元素还需要经过测定其伴生或共生元素确定。此次勘查中,正是借助便携式X荧光分析仪对Au的伴生元素As,Pb的测量,确定了区内地层部分金元素的相对含量,且根据X荧光分析仪分析的土壤样、水系样确定了工作区本底值,并据此划分出金、多金属成矿有利区域。

荧光光谱成像技术结合聚类分析及主成分分析的藻类鉴别研究

为探讨快速、实时藻类检测方法，实验通过荧光光谱成像技术结合模式识别方法对不同藻类进行鉴别研究。发现藻类样本存在着显著的荧光特性，通过采集40个藻类样品的荧光光谱图像，对图像进行去噪、二值化处理，确定有效像素后，根据光谱立方体绘制每个样本的光谱曲线，将所得400～720 nm区段范围内的光谱数据作鉴别分析，再利用系统聚类分析及主成分分析两种不同的模式识别法对光谱数据进行处理。系统聚类分析结果表明：采用欧氏距离法及平均加权法计算样本间的聚类距离，在距离L＝2．452以上水平处可将样本正确分类，准确率为100％；主成分分析结果表明：通过对原始光谱数据进行一阶微分、二阶微分、多元散射校正、变量标准化等预处理后，再对数据进行主成分分析，其中二阶微分预处理后鉴别效果最佳，八种藻类样品在主成分特征空间中独立分布。因此，利用荧光光谱成像技术结合聚类分析法及主成分分析法对藻类进行鉴别是可行的，操作简便、快速、无损。

便携式能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪在新疆东天山浅钻化探异常查证中的应用

便携式能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪(EDXRF)具有大型XRF光谱仪的分析性能,在矿产资源勘查中具有广阔的应用前景,特别是在勘查难度大、找矿工作周期长的覆盖区的现场快速分析具有重要意义,但在野外快速分析方面亟需进一步开发。本文采用手工压制样片,建立了Minipal 4便携式能量色散XRF光谱仪现场测定新疆东天山浅覆盖区浅钻化探样品中的铜铅锌砷钴镍锰7种元素的野外快速分析方法,各元素的检出限分别为2、2、1.5、2、2、2、6μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=12)小于4.7%。本方法能在浅覆盖区实施有效的地球化学样品分析,数据成图效果与实验室分析数据成图效果接近,可快速指导浅钻化探扫面和异常查证工作,缩短了工作周期,提高了矿产资源勘查效率。

使用一维机械模板的高分辨阿达玛变换显微图像探测技术研究

A novel Hadamard transform(HT) microscopic image detection system which can generate 511× 512 pixel format images of fluorescence or absorptive light for small samples has been developed, when spatial multiplexing is performed with a 511 slit one dimensional Hadamard mask and a highly sensitive linear CCD. The weak native fluorescence imaging for Zephyranthes candida (Lindl.) Herb. Pollen cells can be realized within 1 min. The spatial resolution of 0 6 μm per pixel has been achieved with a 40× objective. The imaging speed, sensitivity and spatial resolution are satisfactory, hence the system has a good application prospect in cell biology and medicine. Some factors that influence imaging speed and quality have been discussed preliminarily.