Locating Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)Base Stations Using Geographic Information System(GIS)

The global system for mobile communication(GSM)is planned to meet the needs of the whole subscribers.The number of subscribers increased as the population increased due to the acceptance of GSM services by the subscribers.Thus,there should be a way to monitor base stations that will meet the increasing demand of subscribers in any area as a population surge will lead to more subscriptions.This will allow GSM network operators to serve their subscribers better and ease network congestion.This work presents a review of mobile evolution from the first generation to the fifth generation.A review of global positioning system(GPS)technology and its applications to geographic information systems(GIS)was done.The coordinates of these base stations were taken using a GPS device.These base station coordinates were then exported to QGIS for the design of the map.Thereafter,the output map was then integrated into the website.The discussions on the results followed and some useful suggestions given will go a long way to help the operators of GSM in Nigeria and in general.If the propositions given are adhered to,it will go a long way to help the operators reduce congestion on their network and thereby increase the satisfaction of the subscribers.

The Demographic Impact on Credit Scores＂ Evidence From Statistical Methods and Geographic Information Systems （GIS） Mapping

Average credit scores for people in the United States （US） differ from state to state. Some states have high, and some states have low average credit scores. Since lenders and employers use credit scores to make loan and employment decisions, people living in states where average credit scores are high should experience the benefits of living where credit scores tend to allow more favorable loan and employment decisions. Although credit scores are the direct result of credit histories, credit histories may be impacted by demographic factors. If the demographic factors that impact credit histories are identified, ways to improve credit scores are likely to be discovered and available to people and state government policymakers. This study looks for demographic factors to indirectly explain the average credit scores for people living in each state of the US. The methodology includes statistical analyses and geographic information systems （GIS） mapping. Statistical analyses provide evidence to suggest that state average credit scores are explained by the demographic factors of education, family, income, and health. GIS mapping reveals clusters of states with similar demographics and credit scores.

Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Targeted National Recruitment of Community-Dwelling Caregivers Managing Dementia-Related Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms: A Recruitment Approach for a Randomized Clinical Trial

Over 16 million caregivers of people living with dementia require support in a range of issues, including self-care, disease education, and guidance for how to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Non-pharmacological interventions are needed to address these areas, and online applications have been shown to be safe and effective. To ensure the efficacy of such interventions, racially, ethnically, geographically, and socioeconomically diverse participants must be recruited to increase the generalizability of study outcomes. This protocol paper describes a recruitment plan using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to reach a representative sample of caregivers across the United States for a national Phase III clinical study. Using publicly available census data from the American Community Survey (ACS), combined with location data for local aging resources such as Area Agencies on Aging (AAA), recruitment will be derived from data analysis conducted in ESRI ArcGIS v10.7.1. Datasets including age, gender, income, and education will be assessed nationally at the county and census tract spatial scale in a nine-step process to develop recruitment priority areas containing high concentrations of eligible participants living in the community. Overall, the current protocol will demonstrate the value of GIS in tailoring targeted outreach strategies to recruit community-dwelling populations through local resource institutions. This novel approach may have far-reaching implications in future recruitment initiatives and help to secure racially/ethnically diverse samples.

Malaria Control Mechanisms for Effective Healthcare Delivery in Ghana: The Use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

Malaria is a major health problem facing many tropical countries, including Ghana. The use of modern mechanisms to study environmental factors in malaria occurrence is imperative in malaria control efforts. The aim of this research is to investigate how malaria occurrence is influenced by environmental factors and how Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can be used as a mechanism for improving malaria control in healthcare delivery in Ghana. Environmental factors, elevation, daily temperature and daily rainfall were plotted against prevalence of M and S forms of mosquitoes using ArcGIS 10.1. Prevalence of Anopheles gambiae M was the highest at elevations of 0 m to 200 m and that of S was the highest at elevations between 200 m and 500 m. Prevalence of M was the highest at temperatures between 26.1&degC - 27.6&degC whilst that of S was the highest at temperatures of between 24.5&degC and 26.0&degC. Prevalence of M was the highest at rainfall between 10 mm and 35 mm and S was the highest at rainfall between 26 mm and 36 mm and beyond. M form was positively correlated with temperature and negatively with elevation and humidity. The S form was negatively associated with temperature and positively with elevation and rainfall. GIS models can combine with environmental data to estimate vector prevalence under environmental conditions and therefore its use is recommended in Ghana.

交叉学科视角下的“人文社会GIS”课程教学探索

人文社会地理信息系统(geographical information system, GIS)源于人文科学、社会科学和地理信息科学等多个学科的交叉融合,属于自然科学与人文社会科学的学科交叉领域.本文依托南京师范大学长期开展地理信息科学与人文社会科学交叉融合的科研和教学成果,系统分析了人文社会GIS的交叉学科特性,提出了人文社会GIS的内涵和知识体系,设计了“人文社会GIS”课程的创新教学模式,形成了有代表性的学科交叉课程教学实践案例,对于开展“新工科”和“新文科”背景下的交叉学科研究和复合型人才培养具有较好的参考价值.

基于GIS的灌区土壤投入品残留污染监测预警系统

为了解决工业发展导致的灌区土壤投入品残留污染问题,给出一种基于地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)的土壤污染监测预警系统。该系统结合VOC-PF1型传感器、STM32主控芯片和GSM通信模块,实现了高效的数据采集和通信功能。通过反距离加权(inverse distance weighted,IDW)插值法进行空间分析,并设立预警阈值,实现对灌区土壤投入品残留污染的实时监测和预警。实验结果表明:该系统的监测精度高达98%,监测时长最高为49 s,具有很高的实用性和效率。研究结果不仅为灌区土壤投入品残留污染监测提供了有效手段,也为环境保护和农业可持续发展提供有力支持。

基于GIS的青岛市绿地景观生态格局与网络构建

定量化研究绿地景观生态格局和网络构建能够为城市绿地系统和国土空间的科学规划提供理论依据与方法支撑。研究基于无线电高空测候(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,运用总体景观生态格局分析和梯度分析方法,选取12个景观指数,对沿海城市——青岛市的绿地景观生态格局从斑块类型水平和景观水平两方面进行了定量研究。结果表明:斑块类型水平上,区域绿地以大型斑块为主且占优势地位,防护绿地以大中型斑块为主,二者虽空间分布不均匀,但生态效益较好;附属绿地以中小型斑块为主,缺乏大面积绿地建设,景观破碎度高但符合公众游憩需求;公园绿地以小型斑块为主且数量较少,在城区集中分布。景观水平上,城市绿地景观类型较齐全,但整体破碎度高,中部地区景观破碎度高,南部与中北部地区绿地类型多样,景观破碎度高且景观形状较复杂。在此基础上,进而分析了青岛城市绿地景观生态格局存在的问题,提出了“一轴、三核、廊汇成网、节点密布”的城市绿地生态网络优化与构建方案,以提高各类城市绿地连接度水平,发挥绿地生态系统的整体效益。

基于GIS技术的复杂山区道路选线优化方法探讨

针对复杂山区道路选线的优化问题,提出以地理信息系统技术为基础,综合考虑地形特征和环境约束等因素,进行道路选线优化的方法,对道路网络模型进行地形参数的获取与处理,对道路节点及其连通性进行分析;在此基础上,设计多条件权衡算法并有效处理约束条件,以达到道路选线优化的目的。此种方法在实际应用中得到验证并取得了较好的效果。

基于GIS实现空间智能及应用研究

GIS是空间智能的基础。利用GIS建立地理信息数据模型,结合空间分析功能对模型进行深度学习和处理实现空间智能,将在国土空间规划实施监测网络建设、城市地下空间体检、智慧化监管和实景三维中国建设等许多领域提供有力支持。

基于效用理论的GIS系统在老年住宅选址上的应用分析

本研究从老年住宅选址角度出发,整合了与老年人密切相关的21项设施与社会经济要素,通过层次分析法赋予其权重并进行二次筛选,利用效用理论建立老年住宅选址的适宜性客观评价模型,基于GIS系统结合西安市现有资源呈现可视化结果,最终确定最适宜老年住宅选址的六处区域,旨在为今后养老建筑的发展建设提供参考。

基于GIS的历史文化街区应急疏散能力可视化评估研究

为评估历史文化街区在旅游高峰期的应急疏散能力,探究街区的应急疏散风险区域。研究从点-线-面的角度出发,考虑行人特征因素、街巷路网因素和建筑结构因素,构建应急疏散能力评价模型。采用ANP-EWM综合评估方法确定各因素权重值,应用GIS技术进行因素可视化分级处理。在此基础上,采用空间分析方法,对单因素分级分析赋权重后进行加权叠加处理,得到历史文化街区应急疏散能力的可视化数据。以西安回民街为例进行实证分析,探究街区应急疏散能力风险区域。研究结果表明:所构建模型可以实现对研究区界的应急疏散能力可视化分级评估,反映回民街不同等级疏散风险情况。研究结果可为景区应急疏散与制定安全管理措施提供参考。

基于GIS的四川省李子气候适宜性区划研究

【目的】为四川省李子产业合理规划布局和优化产业结构提供参考。【方法】利用四川省145个气象站点2009—2018年的气象数据,结合全省李子主产区的气候条件,以年平均温度、≥10℃有效积温、冬季需冷量、2月平均气温、降水量、日照时数以及海拔作为李子气候适宜性区划的评价指标。基于地理信息系统(GIS)技术平台和空间插值分析四川省各区域的气象要素值,将适宜性划分为最适宜、适宜、次适宜和不适宜4个等级。【结果】四川省李子栽培的最适宜区包括四川盆地中部、东部和川西南山地部分地区;适宜区包括四川盆地东南部和盆周西部山地;次适宜区包括川西北高原与四川盆地的过渡地带;不适宜区主要分布在川西北高原。【结论】区划结果与四川李子种植现状吻合度较高,为四川省李子栽培的合理布局提供了科学依据。

The Development of a Geographic Information System(GIS) Database for Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve and Its Application

The objective of this paper is to develop a GIS(Geographic Information System) database for Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve(Jiuzhaigou,hereafter) in China and demonstrate its application as a research tool.A cost-effective procedure was developed to compile a variety of geographical and biological data of the study area in terms of popular GIS format such as shape files.These files were further calibrated and validated using field surveys data.The developed GIS database was used to quantify the distributions of the wildlife(amphibians,mammals,and birds) using the distances of the wildlife to the centerline of the bus-tour routes.The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to quantify the correlation in space between pairs of different wildlife using the number of habitats for given space contexts.An ArcObject-based macro was developed to perform the analysis.The results showed the majority of the habitats of wildlife are located in the proximity of the tour-bus routes with an average distance ranging from 564 to 894 m depending on types of wildlife.This indicates a possibility of the disturbance to the wildlife by human activities.The correlation coefficient of the wildlife ranged from 0.36 to 0.64 depending on pairs of wildlife,indicating some correlations in space.However,due to the limited sample size,the statistical significances need to be further investigated.This paper has successfully demonstrated the use of the GIS-based database as a research tool for environmental study.

Remote sensing and geographic information systems techniques in studies on treeline ecotone dynamics

We performed a meta-analysis on over 100 studies applying remote sensing(RS)and geographic information systems(GIS)to understand treeline dynamics.A literature search was performed in multiple online databases,including Web of Knowledge(Thomson Reuters),Scopus(Elsevier),BASE(Bielefeld Academic Search Engine),CAB Direct,and Google Scholar using treeline-related queries.We found that RS and GIS use has steadily increased in treeline studies since 2000.Spatialresolution RS and satellite imaging techniques varied from low-resolution MODIS,moderate-resolution Landsat,to high-resolution WorldView and aerial orthophotos.Most papers published in the 1990s used low to moderate resolution sensors such as Landsat Multispectral Scanner and Thematic Mapper,or SPOT PAN(Panchromatic)and MX(Multispectral)RS images.Subsequently,we observed a rise in high-resolution satellite sensors such as ALOS,GeoEye,IKONOS,and WorldView for mapping current and potential treelines.Furthermore,we noticed a shift in emphasis of treeline studies over time:earlier reports focused on mapping treeline positions,whereas RS and GIS are now used to determine the factors that control treeline variation.

城镇排水管网GIS数据校核技术与软件开发

地理信息系统(GIS)是“智慧水务”建设中常见数据库,由于数据库建立、维护等过程的失误,实际的排水管网GIS存在各类异常,这影响了排水管网运行分析、模拟、管理决策的准确性与有效性,故有必要研究排水管网GIS校核技术,以保证GIS数据质量。研究提出了构造拓扑信息算法,总结了拓扑、文本属性、数值属性等常见异常形式,并在此基础上针对各类数据提出通用校核方法,开发了集成排水管网GIS拓扑与属性校核技术以及可输出校核结果报告的软件平台,并将其用于校核Z市污水管网GIS。结果表明,该市排水管网GIS存在24 336条异常记录,经过校核67%以上的异常得到改善,表明这些校核技术可有效地检测与修复各类GIS异常。

基于移动GIS的招商空间信息系统设计与实现

针对诸多招商信息系统缺乏地理空间信息数据展示的问题,综合运用地理信息技术、移动互联网和数据库技术,以空间地理信息为载体,设计在线与离线的运行模式,方便用户随时随地使用空间信息服务,满足各级用户的工作需要,有效提高政府人员的工作效率,为招商引资、展示城市风貌提供信息化辅助手段。

基于GIS的空间TOPSIS模型的安徽省休宁县滑坡易发性评价

文章在常规TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution)模型的基础上提出空间TOPSIS模型,以安徽省休宁县为例,采用地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)技术对安徽省休宁县的滑坡易发性进行评价。研究表明:基于GIS的空间TOPSIS模型的滑坡易发性评价,能够处理和分析滑坡评价因子以及滑坡易发性的空间变化特征;评价结果与休宁县境内已经发生滑坡的空间分布较为吻合,评价结果较好。基于GIS的空间TOPSIS模型在滑坡易发性评价中具有较好的适用性。

基于DEA-GIS方法的我国农村医疗卫生资源配置效率及公平性研究

背景“强基层”是我国医改重心之一,研究我国农村医疗卫生资源配置的效率及公平性对推动基层医疗卫生服务有序发展具有重要意义,但目前罕有基于数据包络分析-地理信息系统(DEA-GIS)方法兼具公平和效率研究的相关文献。目的分析2020年我国29个省份农村医疗卫生资源配置的效率及公平性,为优化我国农村医疗卫生资源配置和完善乡村医疗卫生服务体系提供参考。方法本研究数据来源于《中华人民共和国行政区划统计表》《2021中国卫生健康统计年鉴》。综合现有文献研究、数据可得性及征得专家咨询意见,选取我国29个省份(不含北京市、上海市和港澳台地区)的乡镇卫生院和村卫生室作为研究对象,以乡镇卫生院和村卫生室机构数(以下简称卫生机构数)、乡镇卫生院床位数(以下简称床位数)、乡镇卫生院和村卫生室卫生技术人员数(以下简称卫生技术人员数)作为投入指标;乡镇卫生院和村卫生室诊疗人次数(以下简称诊疗数)、乡镇卫生院入院数(以下简称入院数)作为产出指标。运用DEA模型评估我国农村医疗卫生资源配置效率,利用卫生资源集聚度和GIS技术将农村医疗卫生资源配置情况进行空间制图,分析其公平性。结果2020年我国农村医疗卫生资源有4个省份DEA有效、7个省份DEA弱有效、18个省无效。其中,DEA无效地区均存在不同程度的投入过剩现象,仅山东省和西藏自治区存在产出不足的问题。分区域分析结果显示,农村医疗卫生资源集中分布在东部地区,中部地区次之,西部地区集聚度最低。结论政府需重视提升农村医疗卫生资源配置的技术效率,通过优化投入产出结构、减少资源冗余,合理统筹东中西部的资源配置,对各地区精准施策促进公平和效率。

GIS技术在洪水灾害中的应用研究综述

地理信息系统(GIS)是一种专用于处理地理和空间信息的计算机系统。当前,随着计算机技术的逐渐成熟,GIS技术的空间分析等特点对于水资源的规划与管理有着重要的研究意义,其中在洪水灾害中的应用是近年来研究发展的一个重点。通过GIS技术建立洪水模拟模型,进行预测预警,以此为防洪抗涝提出更加科学的决策建议,降低频发的洪涝灾害事件所带来的损失。该文针对其在洪水灾害中的预测、风险图绘制、模型建立及避险路线进行评述,提出当前存在的问题,并对今后GIS在洪水灾害中的应用进行展望。

基于GIS+BIM的地铁工程实景三维可视化关键技术及应用

针对地铁工程项目可视化管理中存在的模型精细化不足、数据集成与展示不充分及真实性欠缺等问题,本研究提出了利用GIS和BIM技术作为解决方案,提升地铁工程实景三维建设的效果。首先研究构建了地铁工程实景三维平台的建设框架,分析了数据集成与融合、动态层次加载、模型轻量化与显示等关键技术。随后以深圳地铁14号线工程为案例,进行了实景三维可视化平台的建设与功能应用。案例涵盖了工程建设管理图、空间分析可视化、多视角场景漫游及BIM可视化与属性查询等内容,实现了地铁工程项目多源异构数据与模型的集成,提供了多尺度的实景三维可视化展示,为项目管理与决策提供了有力支持。