Effect of Uncertainty of the Pre-Exponential Factor on Kinetic Parameters of Hydrocarbon Generation from Organic Matter and its Geological Applications

The source rock sample of the Shahejie Formation （upper Es4） in Jiyang Sag was pyrolyzed under open system with the Rock-Eval-lI apparatus, and then kinetic model parameters were calibrated for investigating the effect of uncertainty of pre-exponential factors on kinetic parameters and geological applications, where the parallel first-order reaction rate model with an average pre- exponential factor and discrete distribution activity energies was used. The results indicate that when the pre-exponential factor changes from low to high, an extreme value for residual errors occurs. And with the increasing pre-exponential factor, the distribution shape of activation energies are nearly the same, but the values of activation energies move higher integrally, and the average activation energy increases about 12 kJ/mol for every 10-fold of the pre-exponential factors. Extrapolating the geological heating rate of 3.3 ~C/Ma, the results show that with the increases in pre-exponential factor, the geological temperature corresponding to TRo.5 （transforming ratio of hydrocarbon generation is 50%） increases gradually, and the additional temperature gradually decreases. Combined with geochemical data of source rock, the kinetic parameters with different pre-exponentia[ factors are used to calculate the transformation ratio of hydrocarbon generation, and the result indicates that kinetic parameters corresponding to the better optimized pre-exponential factor are more suitable. It is suggested that the risk assessment of hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters should be enhanced when using the kinetic method to appraise the oil-gas resources. Meantime, the application result of different kinetic parameters should be verified with geological and geochemical data of source rock in the target area; therefore, the most suitable kinetic parameters for target can be obtained.

Applications of Remote Sensing Techniques in Coal Geology

Through applied researches, the regularity of thermal infrared radiation of the coal seams has been found, a model of thermal radiation of the coal seams established, and the internal relations of the information extracted from remote sensing images with coal seams and coal measures revealed. Through a series of complete tests of remote sensing techniques such as multi-level (space, aerial and ground) synchronous remote-sensing and multi-directional, multiband and multitemporal remote sensing, the optimal procedure for applications of remote sensing techniques in coal geology has been determined. The theories and methods established in the applied researches have yielded apparent economic results and social benefits in respect to coal field prediction, coal reconnaissance, coal geological surveys and detection of geological hazards in coal mines.

A New Method for Clay Mineral Analysis and Its Application in Geology

X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks in a low-angle diffraction section of clayminerals, especially those of authigenic origin, have broadening and tailing features in shape.Using the five basic parameters, peak position, peak height, width, shape coefficient and asymmetry,to describe an XRD peak is more accurate, comprehensive and integrated than using only 3 of them,position, height and width. Following the concept of the five basic parameters of an XRD peak, theprogram Decoform proposed in this study provides more information in mineralogical analyses byfitting actual XRD profiles. In combination with the HW-IR plot, Decoform can he systematically andaccurately used in the comprehensive analyses of crystallinity, domain size, lattice strain andquantitative phase. It is also of value for the geological investigations of diagenesis,metamorphism, basin maturity, structural stress field and so on.

Application of Fluid Inclusions in Tectonic Geology

The release of thermal fluids is expected during tectonic movement. These thermal fluids may be trappedby minerals (newly formed or recrystallized)to form fluid inclusions. The aim of this paper is to discuss thetectonic relations between the North China Platform and the Qinling Geosyncline based mainly on the fluidinclusion data. Some preliminary conclusions have been drawn as follows:1. Recognized between the platform and tbe geosyncline are several tectonic belts, each of whch hasdifferent characteristics with respect to fluid inclusions.2. Various tectonic beits are bounded by the fault, on both sides of which fluid inclusions found areconsiderably different.3. Research on fluid inclusions provides further information on the history of tectonic evolution of theNorth China Platform and the Qinling Geosyncline.This work is an initial attempt to the study of tectonic geology in terms of fluid inclusion data.

Realization and application of geological cloud platform

In recent years,with the progress of computer technology,some traditional industries such as geology are facing changes in industrial structure and application mode.So we try to apply big data and virtualization technology in the field of geoscience.This study aims at addressing the existing problems in geological applications,such as data sharing,data processing and computing performance.A Geological Cloud Platform has been designed and realized preliminarily with big data and virtualization technology.The application of the Geological Cloud Platform can be divided into two parts:1)to nest the geological computing model in cloud platform and visualize the results and 2)to use relevant software to conduct data analysis and processing in virtual machines of Windows or Linux system.Finally,we prospect Carlin-type deposits in Nevada by using the spatial data model ArcSDM in the virtual machine.