Deep Learning-Based Classification of Rotten Fruits and Identification of Shelf Life

The freshness of fruits is considered to be one of the essential characteristics for consumers in determining their quality,flavor and nutritional value.The primary need for identifying rotten fruits is to ensure that only fresh and high-quality fruits are sold to consumers.The impact of rotten fruits can foster harmful bacteria,molds and other microorganisms that can cause food poisoning and other illnesses to the consumers.The overall purpose of the study is to classify rotten fruits,which can affect the taste,texture,and appearance of other fresh fruits,thereby reducing their shelf life.The agriculture and food industries are increasingly adopting computer vision technology to detect rotten fruits and forecast their shelf life.Hence,this research work mainly focuses on the Convolutional Neural Network’s(CNN)deep learning model,which helps in the classification of rotten fruits.The proposed methodology involves real-time analysis of a dataset of various types of fruits,including apples,bananas,oranges,papayas and guavas.Similarly,machine learningmodels such as GaussianNaïve Bayes(GNB)and random forest are used to predict the fruit’s shelf life.The results obtained from the various pre-trained models for rotten fruit detection are analysed based on an accuracy score to determine the best model.In comparison to other pre-trained models,the visual geometry group16(VGG16)obtained a higher accuracy score of 95%.Likewise,the random forest model delivers a better accuracy score of 88% when compared with GNB in forecasting the fruit’s shelf life.By developing an accurate classification model,only fresh and safe fruits reach consumers,reducing the risks associated with contaminated produce.Thereby,the proposed approach will have a significant impact on the food industry for efficient fruit distribution and also benefit customers to purchase fresh fruits.

Optimized Deep Learning Approach for Efficient Diabetic Retinopathy Classification Combining VGG16-CNN

Diabetic retinopathy is a critical eye condition that,if not treated,can lead to vision loss.Traditional methods of diagnosing and treating the disease are time-consuming and expensive.However,machine learning and deep transfer learning(DTL)techniques have shown promise in medical applications,including detecting,classifying,and segmenting diabetic retinopathy.These advanced techniques offer higher accuracy and performance.ComputerAided Diagnosis(CAD)is crucial in speeding up classification and providing accurate disease diagnoses.Overall,these technological advancements hold great potential for improving the management of diabetic retinopathy.The study’s objective was to differentiate between different classes of diabetes and verify the model’s capability to distinguish between these classes.The robustness of the model was evaluated using other metrics such as accuracy(ACC),precision(PRE),recall(REC),and area under the curve(AUC).In this particular study,the researchers utilized data cleansing techniques,transfer learning(TL),and convolutional neural network(CNN)methods to effectively identify and categorize the various diseases associated with diabetic retinopathy(DR).They employed the VGG-16CNN model,incorporating intelligent parameters that enhanced its robustness.The outcomes surpassed the results obtained by the auto enhancement(AE)filter,which had an ACC of over 98%.The manuscript provides visual aids such as graphs,tables,and techniques and frameworks to enhance understanding.This study highlights the significance of optimized deep TL in improving the metrics of the classification of the four separate classes of DR.The manuscript emphasizes the importance of using the VGG16CNN classification technique in this context.

Behavior recognition based on the fusion of 3D-BN-VGG and LSTM network

In order to effectively solve the problems of low accuracy,large amount of computation and complex logic of deep learning algorithms in behavior recognition,a kind of behavior recognition based on the fusion of 3 dimensional batch normalization visual geometry group(3D-BN-VGG)and long short-term memory(LSTM)network is designed.In this network,3D convolutional layer is used to extract the spatial domain features and time domain features of video sequence at the same time,multiple small convolution kernels are stacked to replace large convolution kernels,thus the depth of neural network is deepened and the number of network parameters is reduced.In addition,the latest batch normalization algorithm is added to the 3-dimensional convolutional network to improve the training speed.Then the output of the full connection layer is sent to LSTM network as the feature vectors to extract the sequence information.This method,which directly uses the output of the whole base level without passing through the full connection layer,reduces the parameters of the whole fusion network to 15324485,nearly twice as much as those of 3D-BN-VGG.Finally,it reveals that the proposed network achieves 96.5%and 74.9%accuracy in the UCF-101 and HMDB-51 respectively,and the algorithm has a calculation speed of 1066 fps and an acceleration ratio of 1,which has a significant predominance in velocity.

Periocular Biometric Recognition for Masked Faces

Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19),people are recommended to wear facial masks to limit the spread of the virus.Under the circumstances,traditional face recognition technologies cannot achieve satisfactory results.In this paper,we propose a face recognition algorithm that combines the traditional features and deep features of masked faces.For traditional features,we extract Local Binary Pattern(LBP),Scale-Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT)and Histogram of Oriented Gradient(HOG)features from the periocular region,and use the Support Vector Machines(SVM)classifier to perform personal identification.We also propose an improved Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)model Angular Visual Geometry Group Network(A-VGG)to learn deep features.Then we use the decision-level fusion to combine the four features.Comprehensive experiments were carried out on databases of real masked faces and simulated masked faces,including frontal and side faces taken at different angles.Images with motion blur were also tested to evaluate the robustness of the algorithm.Besides,the experiment of matching a masked face with the corresponding full face is accomplished.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has state-of-the-art performance in masked face recognition,and the periocular region has rich biological features and high discrimination.

基于双支路特征融合的MRI颅脑肿瘤图像分割研究

针对磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)颅脑肿瘤区域误识别与分割网络空间信息丢失问题,提出一种基于双支路特征融合的MRI脑肿瘤图像分割方法。首先通过主支路的重构VGG与注意力模型(re-parameterization visual geometry group and attention model, RVAM)提取网络的上下文信息,然后使用可变形卷积与金字塔池化模型(deformable convolution and pyramid pooling model, DCPM)在副支路获取丰富的空间信息,之后使用特征融合模块对两支路的特征信息进行融合。最后引入注意力模型,在上采样过程中加强分割目标在解码时的权重。提出的方法在Kaggle_3m数据集和BraTS2019数据集上进行了实验验证,实验结果表明该方法具有良好的脑肿瘤分割性能,其中在Kaggle_3m上,Dice相似系数、杰卡德系数分别达到了91.45%和85.19%。

Transfer Learning for Multi-Crop Leaf Disease Image Classification using Convolutional Neural Network VGG

In recent times,the use of artificial intelligence(AI)in agriculture has become the most important.The technology adoption in agriculture if creatively approached.Controlling on the diseased leaves during the growing stages of crops is a crucial step.The disease detection,classification,and analysis of diseased leaves at an early stage,as well as possible solutions,are always helpful in agricultural progress.The disease detection and classification of different crops,especially tomatoes and grapes,is a major emphasis of our proposed research.The important objective is to forecast the sort of illness that would affect grapes and tomato leaves at an early stage.The Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)methods are used for detecting Multi-Crops Leaf Disease(MCLD).The features extraction of images using a deep learning-based model classified the sick and healthy leaves.The CNN based Visual Geometry Group(VGG)model is used for improved performance measures.The crops leaves images dataset is considered for training and testing the model.The performance measure parameters,i.e.,accuracy,sensitivity,specificity precision,recall and F1-score were calculated and monitored.The main objective of research with the proposed model is to make on-going improvements in the performance.The designed model classifies disease-affected leaves with greater accuracy.In the experiment proposed research has achieved an accuracy of 98.40%of grapes and 95.71%of tomatoes.The proposed research directly supports increasing food production in agriculture.

CytoBrain:Cervical Cancer Screening System Based on Deep Learning Technology

Identification of abnormal cervical cells is a significant problem in computer-aided diagnosis of cervical cancer.In this study,we develop an artificial intelligence(AI)system,named CytoBrain,to automatically screen abnormal cervical cells to help facilitate the subsequent clinical diagnosis of the subjects.The system consists of three main modules:1)the cervical cell segmentation module which is responsible for efficiently extracting cell images in a whole slide image(WSI);2)the cell classification module based on a compact visual geometry group(VGG)network called CompactVGG which is the key part of the system and is used for building the cell classifier;3)the visualized human-aided diagnosis module which can automatically diagnose a WSI based on the classification results of cells in it,and provide two visual display modes for users to review and modify.For model construction and validation,we have developed a dataset containing 198952 cervical cell images(60238 positive,25001 negative,and 113713 junk)from samples of 2312 adult women.Since CompactVGG is the key part of CytoBrain,we conduct comparison experiments to evaluate its time and classification performance on our developed dataset and two public datasets separately.The comparison results with VGG11,the most efficient one in the family of VGG networks,show that CompactVGG takes less time for either model training or sample testing.Compared with three sophisticated deep learning models,CompactVGG consistently achieves the best classification performance.The results illustrate that the system based on CompactVGG is efficient and effective and can support for large-scale cervical cancer screening.

Glaucoma Detection with Retinal Fundus Images Using Segmentation and Classification

Glaucoma is a prevalent cause of blindness worldwide.If not treated promptly,it can cause vision and quality of life to deteriorate.According to statistics,glaucoma affects approximately 65 million individuals globally.Fundus image segmentation depends on the optic disc(OD)and optic cup(OC).This paper proposes a computational model to segment and classify retinal fundus images for glaucoma detection.Different data augmentation techniques were applied to prevent overfitting while employing several data pre-processing approaches to improve the image quality and achieve high accuracy.The segmentation models are based on an attention U-Net with three separate convolutional neural networks(CNNs)backbones:Inception-v3,visual geometry group 19(VGG19),and residual neural network 50(ResNet50).The classification models also employ a modified version of the above three CNN architectures.Using the RIM-ONE dataset,the attention U-Net with the ResNet50 model as the encoder backbone,achieved the best accuracy of 99.58%in segmenting OD.The Inception-v3 model had the highest accuracy of 98.79%for glaucoma classification among the evaluated segmentation,followed by the modified classification architectures.