Breakthroughs in the generation of programmable sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs), such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs),TAL effector nucleases (TALENs) and the RNA-directed nuclease CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)...Breakthroughs in the generation of programmable sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs), such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs),TAL effector nucleases (TALENs) and the RNA-directed nuclease CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), have greatly increased the ease of plant genome engineering (Voytas, 2013; Malzahn et al.,2017). Programmable SSNs introduce a DNA double-strand break展开更多
Structural and organizational changes of the vegetative cell in Amaryllis vittata Ait. during such dynamic processes of pollen as hydration, activation and germination have been examined with electron microscopy. The ...Structural and organizational changes of the vegetative cell in Amaryllis vittata Ait. during such dynamic processes of pollen as hydration, activation and germination have been examined with electron microscopy. The mature pollen grain is composed of such organelles as plastids, mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes and lipid bodies which are in their resting state. Microfilaments appear as aggregates. After pollen activation, however,the organelles undergo great changes in number and shape: the lamellae of plastids and the cristae of mitochondria increase conspicuously in number, the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum become narrower; the dictyosomes produce vesicles actively the lipid bodies become degraded and the microfilament aggregates disperse. Cortical microtubules and spiny vesicles appear in the cytoplasm after germination of the pollen tube. No apparent structural changes of the organelles were noticed any longer during this period and microfilaments are distributed throughout the entire pollen tube as a three-dimensional network.展开更多
Rabies is a zoonotic disease that still causes 59,000 human deaths each year,and rabies vaccine is the most effective way to control the disease.Our previous studies suggested that the maturation of DC plays an import...Rabies is a zoonotic disease that still causes 59,000 human deaths each year,and rabies vaccine is the most effective way to control the disease.Our previous studies suggested that the maturation of DC plays an important role in enhancing the immunogenicity of rabies vaccine.Flt3L has been reported to own the ability to accelerate the DC maturation,therefore,in this study,a recombinant rabies virus expressing mouse Flt3L,designated as LBNSE-Flt3L,was constructed,and its immunogenicity was characterized.It was found that LBNSE-FU3L could enhance the maturation of DC both in vitro and in vivo,and significantly more TFH cells and Germinal Center B(GC B)cells were generated in mice immunized with LBNSE-FU3L than those immunized with the parent virus LBNSE.Consequently,expressing of Flt3L could elevate the level of virus-neutralizing antibodies(VNA)in immunized mice which provides a better protection from a lethal rabies virus challenge.Taken together,our study extends the potential of Flt3L as a good adjuvant to develop novel rabies vaccine by enhancing the VNA production through activating the DC—Tfh^GC B axis in immunized mice.展开更多
基金supported by a Collaborative Funding Grant from North Carolina Biotechnology Center and Syngenta Biotechnology (2016-CFG-8003)startup funds provided by East Carolina University and University of Maryland to Y.Q.a grant from the National Science Foundation (IOS-1339209)
文摘Breakthroughs in the generation of programmable sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs), such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs),TAL effector nucleases (TALENs) and the RNA-directed nuclease CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), have greatly increased the ease of plant genome engineering (Voytas, 2013; Malzahn et al.,2017). Programmable SSNs introduce a DNA double-strand break
文摘Structural and organizational changes of the vegetative cell in Amaryllis vittata Ait. during such dynamic processes of pollen as hydration, activation and germination have been examined with electron microscopy. The mature pollen grain is composed of such organelles as plastids, mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes and lipid bodies which are in their resting state. Microfilaments appear as aggregates. After pollen activation, however,the organelles undergo great changes in number and shape: the lamellae of plastids and the cristae of mitochondria increase conspicuously in number, the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum become narrower; the dictyosomes produce vesicles actively the lipid bodies become degraded and the microfilament aggregates disperse. Cortical microtubules and spiny vesicles appear in the cytoplasm after germination of the pollen tube. No apparent structural changes of the organelles were noticed any longer during this period and microfilaments are distributed throughout the entire pollen tube as a three-dimensional network.
基金supported by the National Program on Key Research Project of China (2016YFD0500400 and 2017YFD0501701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872494, 31402176, 31372419, and 31522057)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2662016QD036 to MZ)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (863 program, No. 2011AA10A212)the Ministry of Agriculture of China (Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest, No. 201303042 to ZFF)
文摘Rabies is a zoonotic disease that still causes 59,000 human deaths each year,and rabies vaccine is the most effective way to control the disease.Our previous studies suggested that the maturation of DC plays an important role in enhancing the immunogenicity of rabies vaccine.Flt3L has been reported to own the ability to accelerate the DC maturation,therefore,in this study,a recombinant rabies virus expressing mouse Flt3L,designated as LBNSE-Flt3L,was constructed,and its immunogenicity was characterized.It was found that LBNSE-FU3L could enhance the maturation of DC both in vitro and in vivo,and significantly more TFH cells and Germinal Center B(GC B)cells were generated in mice immunized with LBNSE-FU3L than those immunized with the parent virus LBNSE.Consequently,expressing of Flt3L could elevate the level of virus-neutralizing antibodies(VNA)in immunized mice which provides a better protection from a lethal rabies virus challenge.Taken together,our study extends the potential of Flt3L as a good adjuvant to develop novel rabies vaccine by enhancing the VNA production through activating the DC—Tfh^GC B axis in immunized mice.
