Correction:Identification of SSR markers linked to the abscission of cotton boll traits and mining germplasm in Cotton

Correction:J Cotton Res 7,20(2024)https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-024-00180-3 Following publication of the original article(Shui et al.2024),the author found 5 errors in the published article.1.One of the author’s name has been corrected from Gou Chunping to Guo Chunping.2.The reference(Zhao SQ.2016)in Table 2 has been updated to:Zhao SQ.Analysis on the major gene and multigene mixed inheritance and QTL mapping for early maturity traits in upland cotton.Chin Acad Agric Sci.2016.https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.201600501.(in Chinese with English abstract).3.In’Results’part,’Phenotype analysis of 238 cotton boll abscission among cotton accessions’paragraph,the phenotype analysis of AR1 ranging from 19.27%–63.79%,which was wrongly written as 19.27%-63.97%.4.The‘2018KRL’is modified to‘2018KEL’in Table 1.

Extent and Structure of Phenotypic Variability in Solenostemon rotundifolius Germplasm from Ghana and Burkina Faso

Solenostemon rotundifolius is a species belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It is currently one of the minor plants of high socio-economic interest. One of the limitations to promoting this species in Burkina Faso is the lack of varieties that meet consumers’ demands. Implementing a breeding program is an important step toward achieving this goal. Such a program is based on the variability of agronomical traits of interest within evaluated germplasm. This study aimed to assess the level of two germplasms variability of S. rotundifolius from Ghana and Burkina Faso for traits related to vegetative development, cycle, and yield. Agromorphological characterization of 174 accessions, including 116 from Ghana and 58 from Burkina Faso was carried out in Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. The characterization was made on the basis of fifteen (15) quantitative traits related to the canopy and leaf size, the cycle, and the yield. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between accessions within each germplasm for all the evaluated traits. The analysis of the structuration of this agromorphological variability allowed organizing the accessions into different groups. These results could lead to the identification of accessions within each germplasm for breeding purposes or future research on genotype-environment interactions.

Selection criteria of MPOB-Angola germplasm collection for yield improvement of the oil palm

Oil palm germplasm collected from Angola,Africa in 1991 were subjected to genetic variability potential studies.The collection was planted in the form of open-pollinated families as trials at the Malaysian Palm Oil Board(MPOB)Kluang Research Station,Johor,Malaysia,in 1994.Dura palms from 52 families and tenera palms from 44 families of MPOB-Angola were evaluated for their bunch yield and bunch quality components.The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic variability among the families and performance of MPOB-Angola germplasm for yield improvement.The analysis of variance(ANOVA)revealed highly significant differences between the dura and tenera families for most of the traits,suggesting the presence of high genetic variability,which is essential for breeding programmes.Among the duras,family AGO 02.02 displayed the best yield performance,with a high fresh fruit bunch,oil yield and total economic product at 240.40,29.46 and 37.93 kg palm^(-1)year^(-1),respectively.As for the teneras,family AGO 03.04 recorded the highest FFB yield and oil yield at 249.25 and 45.22 kg palm^(-1)year^(-1),respectively.Besides that,several families with big fruit sizes or producing a mean fruit weight of 14-17 g were also identified.Both dura and tenera from AGO 01.01 recorded the highest oil to bunch(O/B)of 17.76%and 28.65%,respectively.These findings will facilitate the selection of palms from the MPOB-Angola germplasm for future breeding programmes.

Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for fast germplasm analysis and classification in multi-environment using intact-seed peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

Peanut is a worldwide oilseed crop and the need to assess germplasm in a non-destructive manner is important for seed nutritional breeding.In this study,Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS)was applied to rapidly assess germplasm variability from whole seed of 699 samples,field-collected and assembled in four genetic and environmentbased sets:one set of 300 varieties of a core-collection and three sets of 133 genotypes of an interspecific population,evaluated in three environments in a large spatial scale of two countries,Mbalmayo and Bafia in Cameroon and Nioro in Senegal,under rainfed conditions.NIR elemental spectra were gathered on six subsets of seeds of each sample,after three rotation scans,with a spectral resolution of 16 cm-1over the spectral range of867 nm to 2530 nm.Spectra were then processed by principal component analysis(PCA)coupled with Partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA).As results,a huge variability was found between varieties and genotypes for all NIR wavelength within and between environments.The magnitude of genetic variation was particularly observed at 11 relevant wavelengths such as 1723 nm,usually related to oil content and fatty acid composition.PCA yielded the most chemical attributes in three significant PCs(i.e.,eigenvalues>10),which together captured 93%of the total variation,revealing genetic and environment structure of varieties and genotypes into four clusters,corresponding to the four samples sets.The pattern of genetic variability of the interspecific population covers,remarkably half of spectrum of the core-collection,turning out to be the largest.Interestingly,a PLS-DA model was developed and a strong accuracy of 99.6%was achieved for the four sets,aiming to classify each seed sample according to environment origin.The confusion matrix achieved for the two sets of Bafia and Nioro showed 100%of instances classified correctly with 100%at both sensitivity and specificity,confirming that their seed quality was different from each other and all other samples.Overall,NIRS chemometrics is useful to assess and distinguish seeds from different environments and highlights the value of the interspecific population and core-collection,as a source of nutritional diversity,to support the breeding efforts.

Resequencing of sweetpotato germplasm resources reveals key loci associated with multiple agronomic traits

Sweetpotato is an important crop that exhibits hexaploidy and high heterozygosity,which limits gene mining for important agronomic traits.Here,314 sweetpotato germplasm resources were deeply resequenced,and 4599509 SNPs and 846654 InDels were generated,among which 196124 SNPs were nonsynonymous and 9690 InDels were frameshifted.Based on the Indels,genome-wide marker primers were designed,and 3219 of 40366 primer pairs were selected to construct the core InDel marker set.The molecular ID of 104 sweetpotato samples verified the availability of these primers.The sweetpotato population structures were then assessed through multiple approaches using SNPs,and diverse approaches demonstrated that population stratification was not obvious for most Chinese germplasm resources.As many as 20 important agronomic traits were evaluated,and a genome-wide association study was conducted on these traits.A total of 19 high-confidence loci were detected in both models.These loci included several candidate genes,such as IbMYB1,IbZEP1,and IbYABBY1,which might be involved in anthocyanin metabolism,carotenoid metabolism,and leaf morphogenesis,respectively.Among them,IbZEP1 and IbYABBY1 were first reported in sweetpotato.The variants in the promoter and the expression levels of IbZEP1 were significantly correlated with f lesh color(orange or not orange)in sweetpotato.The expression levels of IbYABBY1 were also correlated with leaf shape.These results will assist in genetic and breeding studies in sweetpotato.

Genome-wide association mapping in a sweet cherry germplasm collection(Prunus avium L.)reveals candidate genes for fruit quality traits

In sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.),large variability exists for various traits related to fruit quality.There is a need to discover the genetic architecture of these traits in order to enhance the efficiency of breeding strategies for consumer and producer demands.With this objective,a germplasm collection consisting of 116 sweet cherry accessions was evaluated for 23 agronomic fruit quality traits over 2-6 years,and characterized using a genotyping-by-sequencing approach.The SNP coverage collected was used to conduct a genome-wide association study using two multilocus models and three reference genomes.We identified numerous SNP-trait associations for global fruit size(weight,width,and thickness),fruit cracking,fruit firmness,and stone size,and we pinpointed several candidate genes involved in phytohormone,calcium,and cell wall metabolisms.Finally,we conducted a precise literature review focusing on the genetic architecture of fruit quality traits in sweet cherry to compare our results with potential colocalizations of marker-trait associations.This study brings new knowledge of the genetic control of important agronomic traits related to fruit quality,and to the development of marker-assisted selection strategies targeted towards the facilitation of breeding efforts.

Generating colorful carrot germplasm through metabolic engineering of betalains pigments

Betalains are tyrosine-derived plant pigments exclusively found in the Caryophyllales order and some higher fungi and generally classified into two groups:red-violet betacyanins and yellow-orange betaxanthins.Betalains attract great scientific and economic interest because of their relatively simple biosynthesis pathway,attractive colors and health-promoting properties.Co-expressing two core genes BvCYP76AD1 and BvDODA1 with or without a glycosyltransferase gene MjcDOPA5GT allowed the engineering of carrot(an important taproot vegetable)to produce a palette of unique colors.The highest total betalains content,943.2μg·g^(−1) DW,was obtained in carrot taproot transformed with p35S:RUBY which produces all of the necessary enzymes for betalains synthesis.Root-specific production of betalains slightly relieved tyrosine consumption revealing the possible bottleneck in betalains production.Furthermore,a unique volcano-like phenotype in carrot taproot cross-section was created by vascular cambium-specific production of betalains.The betalains-fortified carrot in this study is thus anticipated to be used as functional vegetable and colorful carrot germplasm in breeding to promote health.

Assessing genetic variation in Gossypium barbadense L.germplasm based on fibre characters

Background Gossypium barbadense L.has specific fibre in terms of its length,strength,and fineness,and known as extra-long staple(ELS) cotton,Sea–Island cotton,or Egyptian cotton.Narrow genetic base with less genetic variability is observed in G.barbadense germplasm.Hence,this study was aimed to evaluate the genetic variability present in 108 germplasm accessions of G.barbadense and to identify the superior genotypes based on the fibre traits.Results We evaluated 108 accessions for five fibre quality traits along with three checks in augmented block design.All fibre traits showed significant differences among genotypes,indicating that there is genetic potential for improvement.Fibre strength and micronaire(MIC) showed high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation.High heritability combined with high genetic advance as percentage of mean(GAM) was recorded for fibre length,strength,and micronaire.Fibre strength and fibre length were significantly correlated with each other,while both showed negative correlation with micronaire.Principal component analysis and Biplot analysis showed that uniformity index discriminated all the genotypes in higher level,while fibre length and strength were medium in discrimination power.Biplot revealed genotypes DB 16,EC959191,GSB 39,ARBB 20,5746U,EA 203,and EA 201 were genetically diverse.Hierarchal cluster analysis based on unweighted paired group method using arithmetic average(UPGMA) grouped the genotypes into four clusters,with each cluster consisting of 4,18,48,and 38 genotypes,respectively.Conclusion Among the genotypes,34 for fibre length(> 35 mm),18 for fibre strength(> 40.4 g·tex^(-1)) and 66 for micronaire(3.7-4.2,A grade) were identified as potential accessions based on their superiority.The superior fibre genotypes identified in this study are potential lines for the ELS cotton breeding program.

Synthetical Evaluation on the Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance of Rice Germplasms to Magnaporthe oryzae

[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen out rice resources resistant to rice blast(Magnaporthe oryzae).[Methods]The qualitative and quantitative resistance of 1659 rice resources from 45 countries and regions to rice blast were evaluated by disease nursery in upland condition and the test of the spectrum to rice blast isolates.[Results]There were 292 entries which accounted for 17.6%showed high blast resistance(0 and 1 disease scale),68 entries(counted for 4.1%)showed resistance to blast(3 disease scale);and the number of the entries showed intermediate resistance,intermediate susceptible and susceptible were 208(with the corresponding percentage of 12.5%),471(28.4%),620(37.4%)respectively.Among the tested entries,27 entries including BG1222,BL122,BTX,IR37704-131-2-3-2,and LEBONNET had showed broad-spectrum blast resistance with the resistance frequency of higher than 90%,Quantitative resistance evaluation was conducted on some key resources,and 14 entries,of which are BR27,DRAGO,IR100,QINLIUAI、SERIBU GANTANG,YUEXIANGZHAN and so on,showed good quantitative resistances,and 8 entries had higher quantitative resistances than IR36.[Conclusions]This study provides important blast resistance resources for the local rice breeding program and has a significant value for the discovery of new blast resistance genes and its application in the blast resistance breeding.

Protection and Utilization of Chinese Giant Salamander Germplasm Resources

Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus)is salamander germplasm resource that only distributed in China.It is the material basis of the evolution principle research,genetic research and artificial breeding.Since the 1990s,overharvesting,water pollution and habitat changes have seriously destroyed the germplasm resources of A.davidianus,their population density has decreased since then.Strengthening the protection and rational utilization of A.davidianus germplasm resources are key factors in impacting the healthy,stable and sustainable development of A.davidianus industry.Under the above background,we discussed the current problems with the protection for A.davidianus germplasm resources,put forward suggestions for the conservation of A.davidianus germplasm resources.It is expected to provide a reference to effective protection for A.davidianus germplasm resources,and provide a scientific foundation for further studies,so as to promote the high-quality development of related industry.

Evaluation and Exploration of Citrus Germplasm Resources in the Origin of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.ex Tseng Shiyueju)

[Objectives]To protect the local rare citrus germplasm resources and further develop and cultivate new citrus varieties.[Methods]The germplasm resources of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.Ex Tseng Shiyueju)in Sihui City of Guangdong Province and other 8 citrus varieties from the same origin were evaluated.The appearance characteristics of tree shape,the length and thickness of shoot at each shoot stage,the appearance characteristics of leaves and the fruit quality of each variety were investigated.[Results]Through the comparison of various citrus varieties grafted with sour mandarin,the results showed that the overall advantages of the length and thickness of the shoots of Shatang tangerine in summer and autumn were more prominent,which was conducive to fruit setting.The sprouting time of the three shoots of each variety was different,and there were sporadic sprouting phenomena in different seasons,so the growth was different,and the length and thickness of the shoots were different in different seasons.There were significant differences in shoot length and diameter among different varieties in the same season.The coefficient of variation of Shatangju's leaves was low,and the traits were stable;leaf shape,leaf base shape,leaf margin and other indicators among the three shoots of the same variety and the differences among the same shoots of different varieties were compared.All varieties had strong flavor,separately sweet and sour,sweet and sweet taste.Shatangju has many segments,orange pericarp,rough texture,easy peeling,and high oblate fruit shape.The orange pericarp was favored by the participants,while the rough and thick peel was not favored by the participants.[Conclusions]Based on the improvement of local varieties,it is recommended to improve the smoothness of pericarp,reducing the thickness of pericarp and improving the flavor of fruit will be conducive to increasing sales.In the cultivation process of various quality resources,especially in the period of fruit growth and development,the plan of nutrition and fertilization should be formulated according to the rules of fruit growth and development,the rules of yield formation and the rules of quality composition,so as to establish the integrated nutrient management system of various varieties.

福建省农作物种质资源调查收集与多样性分析

2017-2022年,福建省在第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动中,共收集作物地方品种和野生近缘植物种质资源6235份,蔬菜、粮食、果树、经济作物、牧草绿肥分别占33.57%、25.91%、24.35%、14.59%、1.57%;所有资源隶属于83科,229属,313种,其中豆科种质资源份数最多,占总数的16.04%。不同地区和海拔是影响收集农作物种质资源种类和数量的重要因素。全省9个地级市中,三明市收集种质资源数量最多,占20.65%。全省收集农作物种质资源数量随着海拔升高而下降,不同海拔收集数量随着市辖县(市、区)、乡(镇)、村(街道)的数量减少呈现减少趋势。沿海地区如漳州、福州、宁德、泉州、莆田、厦门等6个地级市,海拔0~200 m是种质资源Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Brillouin丰富度指数最高的海拔区间;闽西北山区,如龙岩、三明、南平等3个地级市,海拔200~400 m、400~600 m、600~800 m种质资源的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Brillouin丰富度指数较高。不同地级市、不同海拔区间与收集种质资源的物种多样性指数的相关性分析发现,三明和龙岩市与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数呈极显著正相关,莆田和龙岩市与Pielou均匀度指数呈现极显著负相关,这与全省农业经济分区有密切关系。通过梳理全省农作物种质资源的多样性,为因地制宜地开发、利用、挖掘全省地方农作物种质资源提供参考和科学依据。

酿酒葡萄种质资源果实品质性状的分析与评价

对40份酿酒葡萄种质资源的14个果实品质性状进行统计,并应用主成分分析和聚类分析方法进行综合评价,以筛选出适栽和特色品种。结果表明,14个品质性状的变异系数在8.45%~52.73%,其中花色苷含量变异系数最大,可溶性固形物含量变异系数最小,花色苷含量、穗质量、种子数、粒质量4个性状在不同资源之间存在较大差异;结合主要性状分布范围分析,筛选出高花色苷种质‘罗马4号’和高糖高酸高酚种质‘小芒森’。主成分分析将白色酿酒葡萄的8个主要果实性状综合为3个主成分,累计贡献率达90%以上,‘小芒森’‘菲尔斯’‘雷司令’等种质综合表现较好;红色酿酒葡萄9个品质指标综合为4个主成分,累计贡献率达87%以上,‘小味儿多’‘马瑟兰’‘赤霞珠685’‘赤霞珠’等种质综合表现较好。通过聚类分析将40份酿酒葡萄种质资源分为5类,第Ⅰ类为小粒、糖酸酚类物质含量高的种质;第Ⅲ类为大穗、糖酸酚类物质含量居中的种质;第Ⅱ类糖酸酚类物质含量处于中等,但果穗、果粒显著小于第Ⅲ类且总酚、单宁含量较高,酸含量较低;第Ⅳ类为大粒、低糖低酸低酚类种质;第Ⅴ类为中粒、低糖高酸中酚类种质。

上海市农业种质资源信息共享服务平台设计与应用

上海市农业种质资源信息共享服务平台是对上海市保护单位的农业种质资源进行规范管理和共享利用的服务体系。为了解决当前规模化和多样化的种质分散于不同保护单位,不利于资源信息共享与利用的问题,本研究根据农业种质资源库(圃)的工作流程研发了以保护单位、资源用户和主管单位为主要角色的一站式共享服务平台,为保护单位建立了管理系统模块,保护单位管理员可进行本单位的种质资源数据管理、资源共享信息发布、申请审核和利用成效管理,促进各保护单位种质资源数据的规范化和共享服务。为资源用户创建了申请共享和利用反馈机制,主要提供种质资源信息查询服务、申请利用服务、利用成效反馈服务等,可同时申请多个保护单位的种质。为主管单位提供全面调查的统计汇总信息,包括全市资源存量、资源分发利用、资源利用成效等信息,实时掌握资源共享动向和利用成效。种质资源信息共享服务平台将为保护单位、资源用户和主管单位提供便捷的服务,有助于提高农业种质资源保存与利用效率。

新疆高粱种质资源萌发期抗旱性综合评价

为研究新疆本土高粱(Sorghum)种质资源的抗旱性并筛选萌发期有效抗旱指标,以来源于不同地区的207份高粱种质资源为研究对象,采用PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫条件,对高粱萌发相关的10个指标进行分析,在主成分分析基础上采用隶属函数法对各高粱品种的抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,高粱的各萌发指标均受到影响。其中,相对发芽势与萌发抗旱指数相关性最强,前3个主成分累计贡献率为78.328%,分别反映高粱在干旱胁迫下的生长、萌发及发育情况。根据综合得分将207份种质划分为5类,即高度抗旱种质12份、抗旱种质28份、中等抗旱种质87份、干旱敏感种质64份和高度敏感种质16份。筛选出高粱萌发期抗旱性鉴定的重要指标为相对芽鲜重、萌发抗旱指数、相对干物质转运率,建立了可准确评估高粱萌发期抗旱性的回归方程,为高粱萌发期抗旱性种质筛选提供理论依据。

不同苜蓿品种叶片特征、光合生理特性与产量性状的比较

以国内外引进的8个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种为试验材料,对比研究不同品种的叶片特征、产量性状和光合生理特性,采用相关性分析和通径分析法,探讨其与产量的关联性,以期为高产紫花苜蓿种质的筛选提供依据。结果表明:供试紫花苜蓿品种单株干重的变幅为0.88~1.21 g;各性状与单株干重的相关性按大小排序依次为:单株叶干重>比叶重>蒸腾速率>单株叶片数>叶形指数,单株叶干重是最突出的叶片特征指标。对单株干重的影响程度从大到小依次为:比叶重>气孔导度>可溶性蛋白>株高>蔗糖>可溶性糖>叶绿素总量,其中,比叶重是单株干重的主要决定因子。综上,高产紫花苜蓿种质筛选的重要指标包括:单株叶干重和比叶重,8个紫花苜蓿品种中‘甘农9号’、‘WL319HQ’和‘SG501’的单株干重、单株叶干重和比叶重均较大,可作为高产种质在育种工作中加以研究利用。

3种类型烟草种质资源烟叶生物碱等化学成分差异性分析

为筛选能为科研、生产和育种利用的优异烟草种质资源。对来源于国内外的141份烤烟、18份白肋烟和6份雪茄烟的烟叶常规化学成分和主要生物碱进行检测、比较和聚类分析。结果表明:总糖和还原糖含量以烤烟最高,总氮、烟碱和氧化钾以白肋烟种质最高。总植物碱和烟碱含量以烤烟种质自来黄2243最高,雪茄烟种质Dutch(Ohio)最低;降烟碱和烟碱转化率以烤烟种质平板柳叶最高,以烤烟种质二性子和白肋烟种质Burley11B最低。聚类分析将165份种质分成4类,烤烟种质主要集中在第1和第4类,其主要特征是总糖和还原糖含量较高,烟碱转化率较低;第2类的总糖和还原糖含量低,总氮、总植物碱和氧化钾含量高;第3类的烟碱和总植物碱含量低,降烟碱含量高,烟碱转化率高。不同类型种质资源的化学成分和生物碱差异明显,筛选出的不同梯度烟碱的种质可为烟碱的进一步研究提供材料支撑。

贵州枇杷种质资源分布及其产业发展概述

贵州立体气候突出,野生枇杷种质资源丰富,性状差异性明显。目前已找到普通枇杷、大花枇杷、小叶枇杷3个种类,普通枇杷在全省广泛分布,大花枇杷主要分布在黔东南州雷公山一带,小叶枇杷主要分布在黔西南州兴义市一带。贵州省枇杷商品化栽培始于1958年,由黔东南州率先从江苏、浙江、福建等省引进优良品种进行试验示范。进入20世纪80年代中后期,贵阳市、黔南州、黔西南州等各地州(市)相继开展引种试验及小规模推广应用。截至2010年,在贵阳市、黔东南州、毕节市等地区拥有了万亩以上的规模化种植。特别是2015年以来,贵州各地枇杷种植生产发展速度迅猛,据2022年贵州省农业农村厅统计数据,全省枇杷种植面积已达2.3万hm^(2),年产量16.3万t,产值达17.1亿元,鲜果采摘期超过2个月。但栽培技术与管理水平仍较低,面积上升与产量增长不成正比,全省平均每666.7 m^(2)商品果产量不足500 kg,提升空间很大。存在问题主要为,一是缺乏地方规范的引、试、推制度体系,盲目性引种,造成品种混杂,良莠不齐,商品性低;二是对遗传优良性状的种质资源挖掘不足,缺乏地方特色的主导品种,市场竞争力不强;三是枇杷品牌创建与营销策略意识不强,形成行业内竞争压价销售,影响效益;四是鲜果产后冷链及深加工产品技术研发滞后,产业附加值增长有限;五是旱涝寒暑等极端天气频繁出现,山地果园设施栽培配套条件滞后,抗风险能力不强等。主要围绕贵州枇杷种质资源分布特征、引种与育种、栽培技术演变、产业发展及其制约因子等方面进行了分析,尝试提出贵州枇杷产业当前与未来的主要任务,以推动枇杷产业高质量发展。

179份高粱种质资源表型鉴定与遗传多样性分析

为充分挖掘利用优异高粱种质资源,选育高粱新品种,提高黑龙江省高粱种质资源利用效率,以179份高粱资源为试验材料,运用相关分析、聚类分析等方法综合分析12个农艺性状。结果表明,179份高粱种质资源在12个农艺性状上,均表现出丰富的遗传多样性,变异系数变化在13.70%~128.32%,大小表现为着壳率>粒形>角质率>株高>单穗粒重>壳色>粒色>穗柄长>千粒重>穗柄径>茎粗>抽穗日数。相关分析得出,单穗粒重与千粒重、株高、抽穗日数、茎粗、穗柄径和穗柄长呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关,千粒重与穗柄径、茎粗呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关,着壳率与千粒重呈极显著(P<0.01)负相关。聚类分析可将179份高粱资源分成4个类群,宜在不同类群间选配亲本开展杂交以培育新种质。筛选出DY042、DY048、DY155三份资源可用作食用高粱改良的基础材料。DY062可作为提高粒重、穗重,降低着壳率的亲本加以利用。

芥蓝新种质创制及其在育种上的应用

采用常规杂交方法,以芥蓝为母本,以甘蓝种的不同变种为父本进行杂交,从F2中选择优良单株,经回交和多代连续自交,最终创制出紫色性状(肉质茎、叶片、叶脉、花蕾)、蜡粉性状(无蜡粉肉质茎、无蜡粉叶片)、肉质茎形状(短纺锤形、柱形)、侧薹性状(早发、多发、颜色紫色或绿色)以及花瓣颜色(浅黄色)等不同类型的芥蓝新种质。应用这些材料成功选育出京紫1号、京紫2号、京紫3号、21M2芥蓝和22M4芥蓝等芥蓝新品种。研究结果为芥蓝种质资源创制提供了科学依据,为芥蓝新品种选育奠定了基础。