Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus)is salamander germplasm resource that only distributed in China.It is the material basis of the evolution principle research,genetic research and artificial breeding.Since t...Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus)is salamander germplasm resource that only distributed in China.It is the material basis of the evolution principle research,genetic research and artificial breeding.Since the 1990s,overharvesting,water pollution and habitat changes have seriously destroyed the germplasm resources of A.davidianus,their population density has decreased since then.Strengthening the protection and rational utilization of A.davidianus germplasm resources are key factors in impacting the healthy,stable and sustainable development of A.davidianus industry.Under the above background,we discussed the current problems with the protection for A.davidianus germplasm resources,put forward suggestions for the conservation of A.davidianus germplasm resources.It is expected to provide a reference to effective protection for A.davidianus germplasm resources,and provide a scientific foundation for further studies,so as to promote the high-quality development of related industry.展开更多
[Objectives]To protect the local rare citrus germplasm resources and further develop and cultivate new citrus varieties.[Methods]The germplasm resources of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.Ex Tseng Shiyueju)in Sihui City ...[Objectives]To protect the local rare citrus germplasm resources and further develop and cultivate new citrus varieties.[Methods]The germplasm resources of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.Ex Tseng Shiyueju)in Sihui City of Guangdong Province and other 8 citrus varieties from the same origin were evaluated.The appearance characteristics of tree shape,the length and thickness of shoot at each shoot stage,the appearance characteristics of leaves and the fruit quality of each variety were investigated.[Results]Through the comparison of various citrus varieties grafted with sour mandarin,the results showed that the overall advantages of the length and thickness of the shoots of Shatang tangerine in summer and autumn were more prominent,which was conducive to fruit setting.The sprouting time of the three shoots of each variety was different,and there were sporadic sprouting phenomena in different seasons,so the growth was different,and the length and thickness of the shoots were different in different seasons.There were significant differences in shoot length and diameter among different varieties in the same season.The coefficient of variation of Shatangju's leaves was low,and the traits were stable;leaf shape,leaf base shape,leaf margin and other indicators among the three shoots of the same variety and the differences among the same shoots of different varieties were compared.All varieties had strong flavor,separately sweet and sour,sweet and sweet taste.Shatangju has many segments,orange pericarp,rough texture,easy peeling,and high oblate fruit shape.The orange pericarp was favored by the participants,while the rough and thick peel was not favored by the participants.[Conclusions]Based on the improvement of local varieties,it is recommended to improve the smoothness of pericarp,reducing the thickness of pericarp and improving the flavor of fruit will be conducive to increasing sales.In the cultivation process of various quality resources,especially in the period of fruit growth and development,the plan of nutrition and fertilization should be formulated according to the rules of fruit growth and development,the rules of yield formation and the rules of quality composition,so as to establish the integrated nutrient management system of various varieties.展开更多
Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L. ) is a conunonly used green manure crop in paddy fields in southern China and it has the effect of fostering fertility and soil. This paper firstly sununarized advances in r...Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L. ) is a conunonly used green manure crop in paddy fields in southern China and it has the effect of fostering fertility and soil. This paper firstly sununarized advances in research of new high quality and yield varieties of germplasm resources of Chinese milk vetch. Then, on the basis of current situation, it came up with recommendations for collection, storage and promotion, as well as application in the current ecological agriculture, including establishing germplasm resource bank and improving germplasm resource evaluation system.展开更多
Nervonic acid(NA)is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical functions that plays an important role in treating several neurological disorders.One major source of NA is plant ...Nervonic acid(NA)is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical functions that plays an important role in treating several neurological disorders.One major source of NA is plant seed oil.Here we report fatty acid profiles of seeds and germplasm diversity of six plant species,including three woody plants with high amounts of NA-enriched seed oil,Malania oleifera,Macaranga adenantha,and M.indica.M.oleifera had the largest seed(average 7.40 g single seed),highest oil content(58.71%),and highest NA level(42.22%).The germplasm diversity of M.oleifera is associated with its habitat but not elevation.Seeds of M.adenantha contained higher NA levels(28.41%)than M.indica(21.77%),but M.indica contained a significantly higher oil content(29.22%)and seed yield.M.adenantha germplasm varied among populations,with one population having seeds with high oil content(22.63%)and NA level(37.78%).Although M.indica grow naturally at a range of elevations,no significant differences were detected between M.indica populations.These results suggest that M.indica and M.oleifera have greater potential as a source of NA,which will contribute to constructing a germplasm resource nursery and establishing a selection and breeding program to improve the development of NA-enriched plants.展开更多
Total 75 rice varieties (lines) in Heilongjiang Province (or cold region) as germplasm resources were identified for cold tolerance at germinating stage by controlling temperature in artificial incubator. The resu...Total 75 rice varieties (lines) in Heilongjiang Province (or cold region) as germplasm resources were identified for cold tolerance at germinating stage by controlling temperature in artificial incubator. The results showed that the shooting seed rate at the germinating stage could be used as the evaluation index of cold tolerance. The cold tolerance was recorded on 1-9 scale and could be identified by the criteria of five indexes such as highly tolerant (HT), tolerant (T), moderately tolerant (MT), susceptible (S), highly susceptible (HS).展开更多
The random amplified polymorphic DNA marker (RAPD) was applied to detect the genetic relationships and diversity among 21 germplasm materials of Kudingcha species in Oleaceae, which involved 8 species, i.e., Ligustr...The random amplified polymorphic DNA marker (RAPD) was applied to detect the genetic relationships and diversity among 21 germplasm materials of Kudingcha species in Oleaceae, which involved 8 species, i.e., Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume, L. henryi Hemsl., L. japonicum Thunb, L. japonicum Thunb. var. pubscens Koidz, L. lucidum Ait., L. pedunculare Rehd, Osmanthus masumuranus Hayata, and L. delavayanm Hariot. 20 RAPD primers selected were applied for the amplification on the 21 germplasm materials mentioned above. 427 bands were obtained, and the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 97.7%. The genetic similarity coefficients (GS) ranged from 0.1522 to 0.8322 with an average of 0.5466. There was a significant genetic difference among germplasm materials of Kudingcha species in Oleaceae, and UPGMA cluster based on the GS of RAPD could distinguish all test germplasm materials clearly and indicated the relationship of the 8 species mentioned above, all of which indicated that RAPD markers could be used for the studies of genetic diversity and relationship and classification of germplasm resources of Kudingcha species in Oleaceae. Analysis results of RAPD showed that L. japonicum Thunb. var. pubscens Koidz has closer genetic relationship with L. pedunculare Rehd and further genetic relationship with L. japonicum Thunb. among all tested species. The authors suggest that further research is needed to study whether L. japonicum Thunb. var. pubscens Koidz should be classified into a variata of L. japonicum Thunb, or should be considered as an independent species. The analysis results supported that L. pururascens Y. C. Yang should be combined into L. robustum (Roxb.) Blume.展开更多
Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an important oil and cash crop in the world.Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant,which provides important material guarantee for peanut breeding and industrial development.Her...Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an important oil and cash crop in the world.Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant,which provides important material guarantee for peanut breeding and industrial development.Here,the safe conservation technology and indicators of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middleterm Genebank of China were expounded from three processes of storage,monitoring,reproduction and renewal.We summarized and reviewed the situation of conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Middle-term Genebank in the past 20 years.The future research direction of peanut resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China is prospected.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to establish an appropriate technology system for in vitro screening of Fuzarium wilt-resistant germplasm resources of red edible seed watermelon and obtain variants resistant to fusaric ...[ Objective] This study aimed to establish an appropriate technology system for in vitro screening of Fuzarium wilt-resistant germplasm resources of red edible seed watermelon and obtain variants resistant to fusaric acid, thus providing resistant materials for breeding Fusarium wilt-resistant red edible seed watermel- on. [ Method] Using Zhongxin No. 1 red edible seed watermelon advemitious buds as screening materials and fusaric acid (FA) as a stress agent, in vitro screen- ing of Fusarium wilt-resistant red edible seed watermelon clonal variants and identification of Fusarium wilt-resistance of the germplasm resources of red edible seed watermelon were performed. [ Result] The results showed that the appropriate FA for in vitro screening of Fusarium wilt-resistant red edible seed watermelon vari- ants was 15 mg/L. In vitro screening system for Fusarium wilt-resistant red edible seed watermelon variants was established preliminarily and FA-resistant regenera- ted plants were obtained. Among the 36 germplasm resources of red edible seed watermelon, there were 2 highly resistant materials, 6 moderately resistant materi- als, 11 slightly resistant materials and 17 highly susceptible materials. [ Conclusion] This study confirmed preliminarily that in vitro screening method is effective for obtaining resistant materials of red edible seed watermelon.展开更多
Sapindus L.species are widely cultivated for biodiesel,biomedical,and biochemical raw materials in southern China.However,yields fuctuate widely due to the lack of high-yielding,high-quality,stable cultivars.Therefore...Sapindus L.species are widely cultivated for biodiesel,biomedical,and biochemical raw materials in southern China.However,yields fuctuate widely due to the lack of high-yielding,high-quality,stable cultivars.Therefore,the objectives of this study were to evaluate three species and one variety among 149 nationwide Sapindus species and screen for elite accessions which would serve as Sapindus breeding materials.Accessions were evaluated on 19 agro-morphological traits by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.These displayed substantial diversity and a broad range of economic traits.In particular,accessions of Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus rarak had more variation in economic traits than Sapindus delavayi and Sapindus rarak var.velutinus.Increased saponin accumulation may be achieved at the cost of seed oil production.Thirty elite accessions for oil and saponin production,and for comprehensive utilization were screened and accessions no.80,110,and 112 had significant potential to produce high yields.These elite accessions will facilitate the identification of genetic determinants of valuable traits and the effective utilization of trait variability in Sapindus breeding.展开更多
In the last 20 years, China has made considerable achievements in the conservation of crop germplasm resources. A network for crop germplasm conservation has been established by the end of 2002, which includes a natio...In the last 20 years, China has made considerable achievements in the conservation of crop germplasm resources. A network for crop germplasm conservation has been established by the end of 2002, which includes a national long-term seed genebank and its duplicated genebank, 8 national medium-term seed genebanks, 30 national field genebanks. 2 national in vitro genebanks, and 3 in situ conservation sites including 1 for wild soybean and 2 for wild rice. More than 334 000 crop germplasm accessions are currently stored in the national long-term genebank, covering 35 families, 192 genera and 712 species, which rank in the first place in the world. More than 43 000 accessions of vegetatively propagated crops and perennial crops covering more than 900 species are conserved in the national field genebanks. In addition, 2 300 accessions are stored in the national in vitro genebanks. This paper reviewed the latest advances of techniques for safety preservation of stored germplasm in seed genebank, ultra-dried seed storage and in vitro preservation in China and discussed current highlights in germplasm conservation.展开更多
Discrimination of 24 wild tea germplasm resources (Camellia sp.) using RAPD markers was conducted. The result showed that RAPD markers were very effective tool and method in wild tea germplasm discrimination. There we...Discrimination of 24 wild tea germplasm resources (Camellia sp.) using RAPD markers was conducted. The result showed that RAPD markers were very effective tool and method in wild tea germplasm discrimination. There were 3 independent ways to discriminate tea germplasms, a) unique RAPD markers, b) specific band patterns and c) a combination of the band patterns or DNA fingerprinting provided by different primers. The presence of 16 unique RAPD markers and the absence of 3 unique markers obtained from 12 primers made it possible to discriminate 14 germplasms. Using the unique band patterns of primer OPO-13 could discriminate 10 tea germplasms. It was of much importance using minimum primers to obtain maximum discrimination capacity. All the 24 wild tea germplasms could be discriminated easily and entirely by the band patterns combination or DNA fingerprinting obtained from OPO-13, OPO-18, OPG-12 and OPA-13, including two wild tea trees of very similar morphological characteristics and chemical components.展开更多
[Objectives]To promote the development of the ramie industry in Dazhou City of Sichuan Province and provide a material basis for the breeding of new ramie varieties.[Methods]The Institute of Bast Fiber Crops of Dazhou...[Objectives]To promote the development of the ramie industry in Dazhou City of Sichuan Province and provide a material basis for the breeding of new ramie varieties.[Methods]The Institute of Bast Fiber Crops of Dazhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences performed a screening test of excellent ramie germplasm resources from 2017 to 2019 to compare the growth,resistance,raw fiber yield and fiber fineness of the experimental materials.[Results]All the experimental materials showed strong growth potential,drought resistance and disease resistance.There were 8 kinds of resources with a fiber fineness greater than 2000 m/g,of which 3 kinds of resource materials had a fiber fineness greater than 2300 m/g;12 kinds of resources has the raw fiber yield exceeding the control and 10 kinds of resources had the raw fiber yield≥2000 kg/ha;3 kinds of resources met the requirements of the high-yield and high-quality indicators(fiber fineness exceeding 2000 m/g and raw fiber yield≥2000 kg/ha),they were BD0718,BD1614 and BYL2.[Conclusions]These high-quality ramie resources can provide a rich resource base for the breeding of new ramie varieties.展开更多
The genetic diversity analysis was done on 11 phenotypic traits of 35 camellia germplasm materials. The results showed that there were varying degrees of variation in 11 traits concerning the flowers and leaves select...The genetic diversity analysis was done on 11 phenotypic traits of 35 camellia germplasm materials. The results showed that there were varying degrees of variation in 11 traits concerning the flowers and leaves selected in this study,and petal number had the largest coefficient of variation,followed by ovary height,and leaf length had the smallest coefficient of variation. F test results showed that the differences in 11 phenotypic traits reached a significant level. Through the trait correlation analysis,it was found that there was a positive or negative significant correlation between the 11 phenotypic traits. Principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 71. 185%,the eigenvector which reflected flower pattern was largest,and flower pattern had a great impact on classification of camellia variety. Based on the genetic differences in traits between varieties,the 35 test materials were divided into three categories: Group I was characterized by large flower pattern; Group II was characterized by large leaf pattern; Group Ⅲ was characterized by many petals. Flower diameter and flower height were important standards for classification of camellia variety.展开更多
At present,the grape and cherry industries in Shandong are in the leading position in China and have driven the development of related high-end manufacturing industries such as wine,brandy,preserved fruit processing,f...At present,the grape and cherry industries in Shandong are in the leading position in China and have driven the development of related high-end manufacturing industries such as wine,brandy,preserved fruit processing,fruit juice processing and health products. Therefore,vigorously developing the grape and cherry industries in Shandong Province and carrying out development and innovation are important parts of Shandong Province in responding to the strategy of national new and old kinetic energy conversion. However,currently the germplasm resources preserved in the fruit tree resources banks in China are only 45% of those in the US and 27. 2% of those in the EU. Moreover,the development of fruit trees resources banks in Shandong is relatively backward in China,and there is still no banks related with grape and cherry germplasm resources in Shandong. Therefore,importance can be attached to the agriculture,forestry,and animal husbandry to build germplasm resources banks for grape and cherry industries in Shandong Province. Building the national-level grape and cherry germplasm resources bank in Shandong Province can also promote the utilization of wild and farm germplasm resources in the future; advance the research on the genes related to disease resistance,stress resistance and quality of grapes and cherries; push forward the construction and development of cherry and grape mutants banks. It is conducive to the research on the agronomic traits of grapes and cherries,and can provide the parents resources for planting innovation and improving the quality of grapes and cherries,as well as promote the development and application of molecular markers of grapes and cherries,including the identification of lines and crossbreeding. Thereby,it cannot only promote the industry development,but also achieve the development of cultivation,breeding and basic research in an all-round way and the development of " production,study and research" going side by side.展开更多
In this paper,by analyzing the genetic diversity of cultivated soybean germplasm resources in China,the environmental and genotypic factors that affect the genetic diversity of cultivated soybean germplasm resources w...In this paper,by analyzing the genetic diversity of cultivated soybean germplasm resources in China,the environmental and genotypic factors that affect the genetic diversity of cultivated soybean germplasm resources were explored to further expand the genetic basis of the existing germplasm resources of cultivated soybean in China. Moreover,research progress on genetic diversity of cultivated soybean in China was summarized,which not only revealed the geographical characteristics of genetic diversity of cultivated soybean in China,but also proposed direction for research of genetic diversity of soybean.展开更多
Shannan Prefecture of Tibet is the central producing region of Tibetan chicken, and Tibetan chicken feeding has become one of the characteristic industries of animal husbandry in local agricultural and pastoral area, ...Shannan Prefecture of Tibet is the central producing region of Tibetan chicken, and Tibetan chicken feeding has become one of the characteristic industries of animal husbandry in local agricultural and pastoral area, and it is an important source of food and income for the locals. However, because of extensive feed- ing managemem, low level of intensification, blind hybrid of exotic varieties and despising selective breeding, the number of pedigree Tibetan chickens have reduced year by year and the performance of Tibetan chicken herd varied greatly, premium specificity could not be effectively utihzed. By investigating the present situation of Tibetan chicken feeding, analyzing the specificity of Tibetan chicken germplasm resources, the scientific conservation breeding was started to make full use of the advantage of keeping Tibetan chickens on the plateau.展开更多
The mathematical model of analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE)was applied to comprehensively evaluate the germplasm resources of Sterculia nobilis Smith,and the scientific nature and rel...The mathematical model of analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE)was applied to comprehensively evaluate the germplasm resources of Sterculia nobilis Smith,and the scientific nature and reliability of the mathematical model was verified by calculating index weights and comprehensive evaluation scores.In this paper,11 indicators were selected to construct a comprehensive evaluation system from four dimensions of yields,resistances,contents of main inclusions in seeds and tree shapes.AHP method was applied to calculate the index weight of each dimension,after passing the consistency test,FCE method was applied to comprehensively evaluate germplasm resources of S.nobilis Smith.The index weights of the yields,resistances,contents of major inclusions in seeds and tree shapes were 0.5518,0.2554,0.1279 and 0.0649,respectively.The yield had the greatest influence on the comprehensive evaluation of germplasm resources of S.nobilis Smith,which was in line with the actual production demand of S.nobilis Smith as a food crop.However,resistances and contents of major inclusions in seeds had limited influence on it,while tree shapes had the least influence on it.After fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,the final evaluation score was 88.00,the corresponding evaluation score was between 4 and 5,and the evaluation results ranged from slight good to good,which indicated that the evaluation weights corresponding to the four dimensions were more scientific and reasonable.In this study,the mathematical model of AHP-FCE was used to establish and evaluate the comprehensive evaluation system of the germplasm resources of S.nobilis Smith.According to the values of index weights and the evaluation results,it showed that the mathematical model was scientific and reliable,and it could provide a new reference method for the comprehensive evaluation of germplasm resources of other fruits.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to explore rice germplasm resources resistant to rice blast and provide theoretical basis for the modification of rice blast- resistant germplasm resources. [ Method] The resistance of 12...[ Objective] This study aimed to explore rice germplasm resources resistant to rice blast and provide theoretical basis for the modification of rice blast- resistant germplasm resources. [ Method] The resistance of 120 rice materials to rice blast was identified at three experimental areas. [ Result] The resistance of 120 experimental materials was at grade 0 -9 to panicle blast in Hainan Province, at grade 0 -9 to seedling blast in Fujian Province and at grade 3 -9 topanicle blast in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Analysis of correlations between agronomic traits and rice blast resistance indicated that the resistance of experimental materials could not be simply determined based on agronomic traits. Furthermore, 61 published SSR makers closely linked to rice blast were selected and synthe- sized for genotypic analysis of 120 experimental materials. The results of cluster analysis preliminarily divided 120 germplasms into resistant varieties and susceptible varieties. [ Conclusion] These rice germplasm resources are of important value for breeding new materials resistant to rice blast.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to provide a scientific basis for protection and utilization of sinipercine fish resources in Jinjiang River,the national resources protection area. [Method]A total of 171 specimens of siniper...[Objective]The paper was to provide a scientific basis for protection and utilization of sinipercine fish resources in Jinjiang River,the national resources protection area. [Method]A total of 171 specimens of sinipercine were collected from Jinjiang River and its branches,identified and statistically counted.[Result]There were three species of wild sinipercine,including Siniperca scherzeri,Coreoperca whiteheadi and Siniperca kneri,with occurrence frequencies of100%,66. 7% and 50%,respectively. They were common species in the river,and S. scherzeri was dominant. The total allowable catch(TAC) of the three species was not big,and the individuals captured were generally small,and with rare mature individuals. [Conclusion]The resources of sinipercine had a preliminary recovery in the region after the foundation of the national resources protection area for aquatic resources in Jinjiang River in 2009.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to preliminarily study the pharmacognosy of three species of chrysanthemums cultivated in Bozhou,and to compare their similarities and differences.[Method]Organs of three species of chrysanthe...[Objective]The paper was to preliminarily study the pharmacognosy of three species of chrysanthemums cultivated in Bozhou,and to compare their similarities and differences.[Method]Organs of three species of chrysanthemum samples were dissected and made into integral slices,and surface morphology of each part was observed microscopically.Powder slices were developed in the same way and observed under a microscope.According to thin layer chromatography(TLC)test(Part I,Appendix VIB,2005 edition),2μL of sample solutions and reference solutions were absorbed respectively,and dripped on the same piece of silica gel G thin layer plate.With petroleum ether-acetone(2∶1)as the developing solvent,samples were developed and then dried.Slices were sprayed with chromogenic agent 2%aluminum trichloride,and examined under UV light at the wavelength of 365 nm.Whether fluorescent spots of the same color were displayed in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of reference solutions were observed.[Result]Non-glandular hairs were found in bract microstructures of three species of chrysanthemums.There were many T-shaped hairs and few multicellular sessile non-glandular hairs.The epidermal cell walls of bracts were parallel straight,and some were rectangular;stomas could be seen everywhere.Only Dendranthema morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Boju’cv.nov.and Dendranthema morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.displayed fluorescent spots of the same color in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of reference sample acacetin in TLC test,and the spots of D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.were light in color;there were no spots observed in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.[Conclusion]The external characters,internal forms and internal components of D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Boju’cv.nov.,D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.and C.morifolium Ramat are all related to germplasm resources of chrysanthemum species.The contents of acacetin,one of the components of D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Boju’cv.nov.and D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.,remain to be further studied.展开更多
基金Supported by the Project of Henan Province for Tackling Key Problems in Science and Technology(212102110386)the National Spark Program Project(2011ga750009).
文摘Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus)is salamander germplasm resource that only distributed in China.It is the material basis of the evolution principle research,genetic research and artificial breeding.Since the 1990s,overharvesting,water pollution and habitat changes have seriously destroyed the germplasm resources of A.davidianus,their population density has decreased since then.Strengthening the protection and rational utilization of A.davidianus germplasm resources are key factors in impacting the healthy,stable and sustainable development of A.davidianus industry.Under the above background,we discussed the current problems with the protection for A.davidianus germplasm resources,put forward suggestions for the conservation of A.davidianus germplasm resources.It is expected to provide a reference to effective protection for A.davidianus germplasm resources,and provide a scientific foundation for further studies,so as to promote the high-quality development of related industry.
基金Supported by China Agricalture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-26)Citrus Germplasm Resources Nursery Construction Project in Sihui City of Guangdong Province(KJ-20230310-H010)。
文摘[Objectives]To protect the local rare citrus germplasm resources and further develop and cultivate new citrus varieties.[Methods]The germplasm resources of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.Ex Tseng Shiyueju)in Sihui City of Guangdong Province and other 8 citrus varieties from the same origin were evaluated.The appearance characteristics of tree shape,the length and thickness of shoot at each shoot stage,the appearance characteristics of leaves and the fruit quality of each variety were investigated.[Results]Through the comparison of various citrus varieties grafted with sour mandarin,the results showed that the overall advantages of the length and thickness of the shoots of Shatang tangerine in summer and autumn were more prominent,which was conducive to fruit setting.The sprouting time of the three shoots of each variety was different,and there were sporadic sprouting phenomena in different seasons,so the growth was different,and the length and thickness of the shoots were different in different seasons.There were significant differences in shoot length and diameter among different varieties in the same season.The coefficient of variation of Shatangju's leaves was low,and the traits were stable;leaf shape,leaf base shape,leaf margin and other indicators among the three shoots of the same variety and the differences among the same shoots of different varieties were compared.All varieties had strong flavor,separately sweet and sour,sweet and sweet taste.Shatangju has many segments,orange pericarp,rough texture,easy peeling,and high oblate fruit shape.The orange pericarp was favored by the participants,while the rough and thick peel was not favored by the participants.[Conclusions]Based on the improvement of local varieties,it is recommended to improve the smoothness of pericarp,reducing the thickness of pericarp and improving the flavor of fruit will be conducive to increasing sales.In the cultivation process of various quality resources,especially in the period of fruit growth and development,the plan of nutrition and fertilization should be formulated according to the rules of fruit growth and development,the rules of yield formation and the rules of quality composition,so as to establish the integrated nutrient management system of various varieties.
基金Supported by State Key Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology(2017YFD0200808)National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(201510410011)
文摘Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L. ) is a conunonly used green manure crop in paddy fields in southern China and it has the effect of fostering fertility and soil. This paper firstly sununarized advances in research of new high quality and yield varieties of germplasm resources of Chinese milk vetch. Then, on the basis of current situation, it came up with recommendations for collection, storage and promotion, as well as application in the current ecological agriculture, including establishing germplasm resource bank and improving germplasm resource evaluation system.
基金supported by the Applied Basic Research Key Project of Yunnan,China(Grant No.202101AS07001)Reserve Talents for Yunnan Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders,China(Grant No.202105AC160083)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31671732).
文摘Nervonic acid(NA)is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical functions that plays an important role in treating several neurological disorders.One major source of NA is plant seed oil.Here we report fatty acid profiles of seeds and germplasm diversity of six plant species,including three woody plants with high amounts of NA-enriched seed oil,Malania oleifera,Macaranga adenantha,and M.indica.M.oleifera had the largest seed(average 7.40 g single seed),highest oil content(58.71%),and highest NA level(42.22%).The germplasm diversity of M.oleifera is associated with its habitat but not elevation.Seeds of M.adenantha contained higher NA levels(28.41%)than M.indica(21.77%),but M.indica contained a significantly higher oil content(29.22%)and seed yield.M.adenantha germplasm varied among populations,with one population having seeds with high oil content(22.63%)and NA level(37.78%).Although M.indica grow naturally at a range of elevations,no significant differences were detected between M.indica populations.These results suggest that M.indica and M.oleifera have greater potential as a source of NA,which will contribute to constructing a germplasm resource nursery and establishing a selection and breeding program to improve the development of NA-enriched plants.
文摘Total 75 rice varieties (lines) in Heilongjiang Province (or cold region) as germplasm resources were identified for cold tolerance at germinating stage by controlling temperature in artificial incubator. The results showed that the shooting seed rate at the germinating stage could be used as the evaluation index of cold tolerance. The cold tolerance was recorded on 1-9 scale and could be identified by the criteria of five indexes such as highly tolerant (HT), tolerant (T), moderately tolerant (MT), susceptible (S), highly susceptible (HS).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (39860048)the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province in China([2005] 2033)
文摘The random amplified polymorphic DNA marker (RAPD) was applied to detect the genetic relationships and diversity among 21 germplasm materials of Kudingcha species in Oleaceae, which involved 8 species, i.e., Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume, L. henryi Hemsl., L. japonicum Thunb, L. japonicum Thunb. var. pubscens Koidz, L. lucidum Ait., L. pedunculare Rehd, Osmanthus masumuranus Hayata, and L. delavayanm Hariot. 20 RAPD primers selected were applied for the amplification on the 21 germplasm materials mentioned above. 427 bands were obtained, and the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 97.7%. The genetic similarity coefficients (GS) ranged from 0.1522 to 0.8322 with an average of 0.5466. There was a significant genetic difference among germplasm materials of Kudingcha species in Oleaceae, and UPGMA cluster based on the GS of RAPD could distinguish all test germplasm materials clearly and indicated the relationship of the 8 species mentioned above, all of which indicated that RAPD markers could be used for the studies of genetic diversity and relationship and classification of germplasm resources of Kudingcha species in Oleaceae. Analysis results of RAPD showed that L. japonicum Thunb. var. pubscens Koidz has closer genetic relationship with L. pedunculare Rehd and further genetic relationship with L. japonicum Thunb. among all tested species. The authors suggest that further research is needed to study whether L. japonicum Thunb. var. pubscens Koidz should be classified into a variata of L. japonicum Thunb, or should be considered as an independent species. The analysis results supported that L. pururascens Y. C. Yang should be combined into L. robustum (Roxb.) Blume.
基金The National Program for Crop Germplasm Protection of China(19210163)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172006)+2 种基金The Plant Germplasm Resources Sharing Platform(NICGR2021-016)National Peanut Industry Technology System Construction(CARS-13)Central Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CAAS-OCRI-ZDRW-202101)。
文摘Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an important oil and cash crop in the world.Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant,which provides important material guarantee for peanut breeding and industrial development.Here,the safe conservation technology and indicators of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middleterm Genebank of China were expounded from three processes of storage,monitoring,reproduction and renewal.We summarized and reviewed the situation of conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Middle-term Genebank in the past 20 years.The future research direction of peanut resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China is prospected.
基金Supported by National Space Breeding Project of China(2006HT100113)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-26)Science and Technology Development Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(GNK2013YZ26)
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to establish an appropriate technology system for in vitro screening of Fuzarium wilt-resistant germplasm resources of red edible seed watermelon and obtain variants resistant to fusaric acid, thus providing resistant materials for breeding Fusarium wilt-resistant red edible seed watermel- on. [ Method] Using Zhongxin No. 1 red edible seed watermelon advemitious buds as screening materials and fusaric acid (FA) as a stress agent, in vitro screen- ing of Fusarium wilt-resistant red edible seed watermelon clonal variants and identification of Fusarium wilt-resistance of the germplasm resources of red edible seed watermelon were performed. [ Result] The results showed that the appropriate FA for in vitro screening of Fusarium wilt-resistant red edible seed watermelon vari- ants was 15 mg/L. In vitro screening system for Fusarium wilt-resistant red edible seed watermelon variants was established preliminarily and FA-resistant regenera- ted plants were obtained. Among the 36 germplasm resources of red edible seed watermelon, there were 2 highly resistant materials, 6 moderately resistant materi- als, 11 slightly resistant materials and 17 highly susceptible materials. [ Conclusion] This study confirmed preliminarily that in vitro screening method is effective for obtaining resistant materials of red edible seed watermelon.
基金supported by“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”(2019YC19)the Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China(No.2019FY100803)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China from the Chinese Ministry of Education(2015ZCQLX-02)。
文摘Sapindus L.species are widely cultivated for biodiesel,biomedical,and biochemical raw materials in southern China.However,yields fuctuate widely due to the lack of high-yielding,high-quality,stable cultivars.Therefore,the objectives of this study were to evaluate three species and one variety among 149 nationwide Sapindus species and screen for elite accessions which would serve as Sapindus breeding materials.Accessions were evaluated on 19 agro-morphological traits by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.These displayed substantial diversity and a broad range of economic traits.In particular,accessions of Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus rarak had more variation in economic traits than Sapindus delavayi and Sapindus rarak var.velutinus.Increased saponin accumulation may be achieved at the cost of seed oil production.Thirty elite accessions for oil and saponin production,and for comprehensive utilization were screened and accessions no.80,110,and 112 had significant potential to produce high yields.These elite accessions will facilitate the identification of genetic determinants of valuable traits and the effective utilization of trait variability in Sapindus breeding.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program and the National Basic Work Program,China(2001BA511B01).
文摘In the last 20 years, China has made considerable achievements in the conservation of crop germplasm resources. A network for crop germplasm conservation has been established by the end of 2002, which includes a national long-term seed genebank and its duplicated genebank, 8 national medium-term seed genebanks, 30 national field genebanks. 2 national in vitro genebanks, and 3 in situ conservation sites including 1 for wild soybean and 2 for wild rice. More than 334 000 crop germplasm accessions are currently stored in the national long-term genebank, covering 35 families, 192 genera and 712 species, which rank in the first place in the world. More than 43 000 accessions of vegetatively propagated crops and perennial crops covering more than 900 species are conserved in the national field genebanks. In addition, 2 300 accessions are stored in the national in vitro genebanks. This paper reviewed the latest advances of techniques for safety preservation of stored germplasm in seed genebank, ultra-dried seed storage and in vitro preservation in China and discussed current highlights in germplasm conservation.
基金Zhejiang Provincial New Century 151 Personnel Engineering ProgramChina and partially finished in the Centerfor Gene ResearchEhime University,Japan.
文摘Discrimination of 24 wild tea germplasm resources (Camellia sp.) using RAPD markers was conducted. The result showed that RAPD markers were very effective tool and method in wild tea germplasm discrimination. There were 3 independent ways to discriminate tea germplasms, a) unique RAPD markers, b) specific band patterns and c) a combination of the band patterns or DNA fingerprinting provided by different primers. The presence of 16 unique RAPD markers and the absence of 3 unique markers obtained from 12 primers made it possible to discriminate 14 germplasms. Using the unique band patterns of primer OPO-13 could discriminate 10 tea germplasms. It was of much importance using minimum primers to obtain maximum discrimination capacity. All the 24 wild tea germplasms could be discriminated easily and entirely by the band patterns combination or DNA fingerprinting obtained from OPO-13, OPO-18, OPG-12 and OPA-13, including two wild tea trees of very similar morphological characteristics and chemical components.
基金Science and Technology Project of Dazhou City"Breeding of New Ramie Varieties with Extra High Quality and High Yield for Fiber"(18ZDYF0017)Program of Special Cash Crop Innovation Team New Ramie Variety Breeding and Cultivation and Utilization Post of Sichuan Province.
文摘[Objectives]To promote the development of the ramie industry in Dazhou City of Sichuan Province and provide a material basis for the breeding of new ramie varieties.[Methods]The Institute of Bast Fiber Crops of Dazhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences performed a screening test of excellent ramie germplasm resources from 2017 to 2019 to compare the growth,resistance,raw fiber yield and fiber fineness of the experimental materials.[Results]All the experimental materials showed strong growth potential,drought resistance and disease resistance.There were 8 kinds of resources with a fiber fineness greater than 2000 m/g,of which 3 kinds of resource materials had a fiber fineness greater than 2300 m/g;12 kinds of resources has the raw fiber yield exceeding the control and 10 kinds of resources had the raw fiber yield≥2000 kg/ha;3 kinds of resources met the requirements of the high-yield and high-quality indicators(fiber fineness exceeding 2000 m/g and raw fiber yield≥2000 kg/ha),they were BD0718,BD1614 and BYL2.[Conclusions]These high-quality ramie resources can provide a rich resource base for the breeding of new ramie varieties.
文摘The genetic diversity analysis was done on 11 phenotypic traits of 35 camellia germplasm materials. The results showed that there were varying degrees of variation in 11 traits concerning the flowers and leaves selected in this study,and petal number had the largest coefficient of variation,followed by ovary height,and leaf length had the smallest coefficient of variation. F test results showed that the differences in 11 phenotypic traits reached a significant level. Through the trait correlation analysis,it was found that there was a positive or negative significant correlation between the 11 phenotypic traits. Principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 71. 185%,the eigenvector which reflected flower pattern was largest,and flower pattern had a great impact on classification of camellia variety. Based on the genetic differences in traits between varieties,the 35 test materials were divided into three categories: Group I was characterized by large flower pattern; Group II was characterized by large leaf pattern; Group Ⅲ was characterized by many petals. Flower diameter and flower height were important standards for classification of camellia variety.
基金supported by the Agricultural scientific and technological innovation project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2016D01)Agricultural scientific and technological innovation project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences-cultivating project for National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2018"identification and function research of Vitis vinifera and Vitis amurensis cold stress response-related micro RNAs"+2 种基金Major Agricultural Application Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province"Research and Application of Precision Control of Maturation and Product Innovation of Featured Brewing Grape"Major Agricultural Application Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province"Development of Landmark Wines and Integrated Application of Key Technologies in Shandong Province"Fruit innovation team of modern agricultural industry technology system in Shandong Province-Jinan comprehensive test station(SDAIT-06-21)
文摘At present,the grape and cherry industries in Shandong are in the leading position in China and have driven the development of related high-end manufacturing industries such as wine,brandy,preserved fruit processing,fruit juice processing and health products. Therefore,vigorously developing the grape and cherry industries in Shandong Province and carrying out development and innovation are important parts of Shandong Province in responding to the strategy of national new and old kinetic energy conversion. However,currently the germplasm resources preserved in the fruit tree resources banks in China are only 45% of those in the US and 27. 2% of those in the EU. Moreover,the development of fruit trees resources banks in Shandong is relatively backward in China,and there is still no banks related with grape and cherry germplasm resources in Shandong. Therefore,importance can be attached to the agriculture,forestry,and animal husbandry to build germplasm resources banks for grape and cherry industries in Shandong Province. Building the national-level grape and cherry germplasm resources bank in Shandong Province can also promote the utilization of wild and farm germplasm resources in the future; advance the research on the genes related to disease resistance,stress resistance and quality of grapes and cherries; push forward the construction and development of cherry and grape mutants banks. It is conducive to the research on the agronomic traits of grapes and cherries,and can provide the parents resources for planting innovation and improving the quality of grapes and cherries,as well as promote the development and application of molecular markers of grapes and cherries,including the identification of lines and crossbreeding. Thereby,it cannot only promote the industry development,but also achieve the development of cultivation,breeding and basic research in an all-round way and the development of " production,study and research" going side by side.
基金Supported by Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2016A02)Special Fund for Construction of Grain Industry Innovation Team of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Shandong Province(SDARS-16-01)
文摘In this paper,by analyzing the genetic diversity of cultivated soybean germplasm resources in China,the environmental and genotypic factors that affect the genetic diversity of cultivated soybean germplasm resources were explored to further expand the genetic basis of the existing germplasm resources of cultivated soybean in China. Moreover,research progress on genetic diversity of cultivated soybean in China was summarized,which not only revealed the geographical characteristics of genetic diversity of cultivated soybean in China,but also proposed direction for research of genetic diversity of soybean.
文摘Shannan Prefecture of Tibet is the central producing region of Tibetan chicken, and Tibetan chicken feeding has become one of the characteristic industries of animal husbandry in local agricultural and pastoral area, and it is an important source of food and income for the locals. However, because of extensive feed- ing managemem, low level of intensification, blind hybrid of exotic varieties and despising selective breeding, the number of pedigree Tibetan chickens have reduced year by year and the performance of Tibetan chicken herd varied greatly, premium specificity could not be effectively utihzed. By investigating the present situation of Tibetan chicken feeding, analyzing the specificity of Tibetan chicken germplasm resources, the scientific conservation breeding was started to make full use of the advantage of keeping Tibetan chickens on the plateau.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860533)Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(GuikeAA17204045-4)Special Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development by the Central Government(GuikeZY19183010)。
文摘The mathematical model of analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE)was applied to comprehensively evaluate the germplasm resources of Sterculia nobilis Smith,and the scientific nature and reliability of the mathematical model was verified by calculating index weights and comprehensive evaluation scores.In this paper,11 indicators were selected to construct a comprehensive evaluation system from four dimensions of yields,resistances,contents of main inclusions in seeds and tree shapes.AHP method was applied to calculate the index weight of each dimension,after passing the consistency test,FCE method was applied to comprehensively evaluate germplasm resources of S.nobilis Smith.The index weights of the yields,resistances,contents of major inclusions in seeds and tree shapes were 0.5518,0.2554,0.1279 and 0.0649,respectively.The yield had the greatest influence on the comprehensive evaluation of germplasm resources of S.nobilis Smith,which was in line with the actual production demand of S.nobilis Smith as a food crop.However,resistances and contents of major inclusions in seeds had limited influence on it,while tree shapes had the least influence on it.After fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,the final evaluation score was 88.00,the corresponding evaluation score was between 4 and 5,and the evaluation results ranged from slight good to good,which indicated that the evaluation weights corresponding to the four dimensions were more scientific and reasonable.In this study,the mathematical model of AHP-FCE was used to establish and evaluate the comprehensive evaluation system of the germplasm resources of S.nobilis Smith.According to the values of index weights and the evaluation results,it showed that the mathematical model was scientific and reliable,and it could provide a new reference method for the comprehensive evaluation of germplasm resources of other fruits.
基金Supported by National High-tech R&D Program(863 Program)"Water-saving and Drought-resistant Rice Germplasm Innovation"(2010AA101803)Special Fund for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Technology System(NXCYTY-01)
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to explore rice germplasm resources resistant to rice blast and provide theoretical basis for the modification of rice blast- resistant germplasm resources. [ Method] The resistance of 120 rice materials to rice blast was identified at three experimental areas. [ Result] The resistance of 120 experimental materials was at grade 0 -9 to panicle blast in Hainan Province, at grade 0 -9 to seedling blast in Fujian Province and at grade 3 -9 topanicle blast in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Analysis of correlations between agronomic traits and rice blast resistance indicated that the resistance of experimental materials could not be simply determined based on agronomic traits. Furthermore, 61 published SSR makers closely linked to rice blast were selected and synthe- sized for genotypic analysis of 120 experimental materials. The results of cluster analysis preliminarily divided 120 germplasms into resistant varieties and susceptible varieties. [ Conclusion] These rice germplasm resources are of important value for breeding new materials resistant to rice blast.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education"Research on Fish Resources in Sinipercinae in Fanjing Mountain and Neighboring Regions(QJK 010081)Key Support Disciplinary Projects of Colleges and Universities in Guizhou Province"Protection and Utilization of Wild Fauna and Flora"[QJHZDZCXK(2011)232]Featured Laboratory Construction Projects of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education"Key Laboratory of Special Wildlife Resources in Fanjing Mountain"[QJH KY(2011)232]
文摘[Objective]The paper was to provide a scientific basis for protection and utilization of sinipercine fish resources in Jinjiang River,the national resources protection area. [Method]A total of 171 specimens of sinipercine were collected from Jinjiang River and its branches,identified and statistically counted.[Result]There were three species of wild sinipercine,including Siniperca scherzeri,Coreoperca whiteheadi and Siniperca kneri,with occurrence frequencies of100%,66. 7% and 50%,respectively. They were common species in the river,and S. scherzeri was dominant. The total allowable catch(TAC) of the three species was not big,and the individuals captured were generally small,and with rare mature individuals. [Conclusion]The resources of sinipercine had a preliminary recovery in the region after the foundation of the national resources protection area for aquatic resources in Jinjiang River in 2009.
基金Key Science and Technology Service Projects in 2016"Investigation Project of Degradation of Four Major Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials in Bozhou City"(BZCG[2015]338)University Continuing Education Teaching Reform Project(2019jxjj67)Natural Science Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(KJ2019A1180,KJ2018A0884,KJ2017A772).
文摘[Objective]The paper was to preliminarily study the pharmacognosy of three species of chrysanthemums cultivated in Bozhou,and to compare their similarities and differences.[Method]Organs of three species of chrysanthemum samples were dissected and made into integral slices,and surface morphology of each part was observed microscopically.Powder slices were developed in the same way and observed under a microscope.According to thin layer chromatography(TLC)test(Part I,Appendix VIB,2005 edition),2μL of sample solutions and reference solutions were absorbed respectively,and dripped on the same piece of silica gel G thin layer plate.With petroleum ether-acetone(2∶1)as the developing solvent,samples were developed and then dried.Slices were sprayed with chromogenic agent 2%aluminum trichloride,and examined under UV light at the wavelength of 365 nm.Whether fluorescent spots of the same color were displayed in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of reference solutions were observed.[Result]Non-glandular hairs were found in bract microstructures of three species of chrysanthemums.There were many T-shaped hairs and few multicellular sessile non-glandular hairs.The epidermal cell walls of bracts were parallel straight,and some were rectangular;stomas could be seen everywhere.Only Dendranthema morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Boju’cv.nov.and Dendranthema morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.displayed fluorescent spots of the same color in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of reference sample acacetin in TLC test,and the spots of D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.were light in color;there were no spots observed in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.[Conclusion]The external characters,internal forms and internal components of D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Boju’cv.nov.,D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.and C.morifolium Ramat are all related to germplasm resources of chrysanthemum species.The contents of acacetin,one of the components of D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Boju’cv.nov.and D.morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.‘Da maya’cv.nov.,remain to be further studied.