Considering that we still do not fully understand the behavior of air pockets trapped in rainstorm systems and water flow changes inside pipes,the study of actual geysers presents many challenges.In this study,three-d...Considering that we still do not fully understand the behavior of air pockets trapped in rainstorm systems and water flow changes inside pipes,the study of actual geysers presents many challenges.In this study,three-dimensional numerical models were developed to investigate the mechanisms of geyser events triggered by rapid filling flows at different scales.The results showed that,in the first stage of the water–air mixture of the prototype model,a large amount of air was released quickly,and the subsequent overflow lasted for a more extended period.The transport capacity of the downstream pipe,as a critical factor,significantly influenced the water–air interaction of the geyser.Restricting the outlet area and increasing the outlet pressure simultaneously resulted in a stronger geyser.The equivalent density of the water–air mixture increased as the scale decreased during the geyser event.展开更多
The origin of life on Earth remains enigmatic with diverse models and debates.Here we discuss essential requirements for the first emergence of life on our planet and propose the following nine requirements:(1)an ener...The origin of life on Earth remains enigmatic with diverse models and debates.Here we discuss essential requirements for the first emergence of life on our planet and propose the following nine requirements:(1)an energy source(ionizing radiation and thermal energy);(2)a supply of nutrients(P.K.REE.etc.);(3)a supply of life-constituting major elements;(4)a high concentration of reduced gases such as CH4,HCN and NH3;(5)dry-wet cycles to create membranes and polymerize RNA;(6)a non-toxic aqueous environment;(7)Na-poor water;(8)highly diversified environments,and(9)cyclic conditions,such as dayto-night,hot-to-cold etc.Based on these nine requirements,we evaluate previously proposed locations for the origin of Earth’s life,including:(1)Darwin’s"warm little pond",leading to a"prebiotic soup"for life;(2)panspermia or Neo-panspermia(succession model of panspermia);(3)transportation from/through Mars;(4)a deepsea hydrothermal system;(5)an on-land subduct ion-zone hot spring,and(6)a geyser systems driven by a natural nuclear reactor.We conclude that location(6)is the most ideal candidate for the o rigin point for Earth’s life because of its efficiency in continuously supplying both the energy and the necessary materials for life,thereby maintaining the essential"cradle"for its initial development.We also emphasize that falsifiable working hypothesis provides an important tool to evaluate one of the biggest mysteries of the universe-the origin of life.展开更多
Intrigued by videos of erupting geysers, we wished to find out how these wonders of nature work. The questions we asked were: how does a geyser operate? What causes its periodicity? What are its different eruptive pha...Intrigued by videos of erupting geysers, we wished to find out how these wonders of nature work. The questions we asked were: how does a geyser operate? What causes its periodicity? What are its different eruptive phases? To answer these questions, we built a model of a geyser of variable height, while respecting the main characteristics of natural geysers. Using the model, we collected pressure and temperature data with sensors and a data acquisition card. In particular, we discovered how the duration of an eruptive cycle varies, why there is overpressure at the beginning of an eruption, and why some eruptions begin normally but then shift to a continuous boiling regime without replenishment. We also provide models for depressurization and for replenishment.展开更多
Over the past years,many efforts have been accomplished to achieve fast and accurate meta-heuristic algorithms to optimize a variety of real-world problems.This study presents a new optimization method based on an unu...Over the past years,many efforts have been accomplished to achieve fast and accurate meta-heuristic algorithms to optimize a variety of real-world problems.This study presents a new optimization method based on an unusual geological phenomenon in nature,named Geyser inspired Algorithm(GEA).The mathematical modeling of this geological phenomenon is carried out to have a better understanding of the optimization process.The efficiency and accuracy of GEA are verified using statistical examination and convergence rate comparison on numerous CEC 2005,CEC 2014,CEC 2017,and real-parameter benchmark functions.Moreover,GEA has been applied to several real-parameter engineering optimization problems to evaluate its effectiveness.In addition,to demonstrate the applicability and robustness of GEA,a comprehensive investigation is performed for a fair comparison with other standard optimization methods.The results demonstrate that GEA is noticeably prosperous in reaching the optimal solutions with a high convergence rate in comparison with other well-known nature-inspired algorithms,including ABC,BBO,PSO,and RCGA.Note that the source code of the GEA is publicly available at https://www.optim-app.com/projects/gea.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention(Grant No.2021492011)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LQ22E090002).
文摘Considering that we still do not fully understand the behavior of air pockets trapped in rainstorm systems and water flow changes inside pipes,the study of actual geysers presents many challenges.In this study,three-dimensional numerical models were developed to investigate the mechanisms of geyser events triggered by rapid filling flows at different scales.The results showed that,in the first stage of the water–air mixture of the prototype model,a large amount of air was released quickly,and the subsequent overflow lasted for a more extended period.The transport capacity of the downstream pipe,as a critical factor,significantly influenced the water–air interaction of the geyser.Restricting the outlet area and increasing the outlet pressure simultaneously resulted in a stronger geyser.The equivalent density of the water–air mixture increased as the scale decreased during the geyser event.
基金supported by MEXT KAKENHI:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas,Grant Numbers26106002,26106004,26106006the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation,Project No.14.Y26.31.0018
文摘The origin of life on Earth remains enigmatic with diverse models and debates.Here we discuss essential requirements for the first emergence of life on our planet and propose the following nine requirements:(1)an energy source(ionizing radiation and thermal energy);(2)a supply of nutrients(P.K.REE.etc.);(3)a supply of life-constituting major elements;(4)a high concentration of reduced gases such as CH4,HCN and NH3;(5)dry-wet cycles to create membranes and polymerize RNA;(6)a non-toxic aqueous environment;(7)Na-poor water;(8)highly diversified environments,and(9)cyclic conditions,such as dayto-night,hot-to-cold etc.Based on these nine requirements,we evaluate previously proposed locations for the origin of Earth’s life,including:(1)Darwin’s"warm little pond",leading to a"prebiotic soup"for life;(2)panspermia or Neo-panspermia(succession model of panspermia);(3)transportation from/through Mars;(4)a deepsea hydrothermal system;(5)an on-land subduct ion-zone hot spring,and(6)a geyser systems driven by a natural nuclear reactor.We conclude that location(6)is the most ideal candidate for the o rigin point for Earth’s life because of its efficiency in continuously supplying both the energy and the necessary materials for life,thereby maintaining the essential"cradle"for its initial development.We also emphasize that falsifiable working hypothesis provides an important tool to evaluate one of the biggest mysteries of the universe-the origin of life.
文摘Intrigued by videos of erupting geysers, we wished to find out how these wonders of nature work. The questions we asked were: how does a geyser operate? What causes its periodicity? What are its different eruptive phases? To answer these questions, we built a model of a geyser of variable height, while respecting the main characteristics of natural geysers. Using the model, we collected pressure and temperature data with sensors and a data acquisition card. In particular, we discovered how the duration of an eruptive cycle varies, why there is overpressure at the beginning of an eruption, and why some eruptions begin normally but then shift to a continuous boiling regime without replenishment. We also provide models for depressurization and for replenishment.
文摘Over the past years,many efforts have been accomplished to achieve fast and accurate meta-heuristic algorithms to optimize a variety of real-world problems.This study presents a new optimization method based on an unusual geological phenomenon in nature,named Geyser inspired Algorithm(GEA).The mathematical modeling of this geological phenomenon is carried out to have a better understanding of the optimization process.The efficiency and accuracy of GEA are verified using statistical examination and convergence rate comparison on numerous CEC 2005,CEC 2014,CEC 2017,and real-parameter benchmark functions.Moreover,GEA has been applied to several real-parameter engineering optimization problems to evaluate its effectiveness.In addition,to demonstrate the applicability and robustness of GEA,a comprehensive investigation is performed for a fair comparison with other standard optimization methods.The results demonstrate that GEA is noticeably prosperous in reaching the optimal solutions with a high convergence rate in comparison with other well-known nature-inspired algorithms,including ABC,BBO,PSO,and RCGA.Note that the source code of the GEA is publicly available at https://www.optim-app.com/projects/gea.
