Adhesion of Vibrio alginolyticus to the gill mucus of Pseudosciaena crocea has been investigated using [ methyl-^3 H ] thymidine as isotope tracer. The results showed that： the adhesive quantity of V. alginolyticus i...Adhesion of Vibrio alginolyticus to the gill mucus of Pseudosciaena crocea has been investigated using [ methyl-^3 H ] thymidine as isotope tracer. The results showed that： the adhesive quantity of V. alginolyticus increased with bacterial concentrations and reached equilibrium after incubated for 180 min; the higher adhesive quantity was obtained at 15 ~ 30 ℃ and sourish conditions; adhesion of V. alginolyticus could not achieved without Na^＋ , and Ca^2＋ played an auxiliary role in the bacterial adhesion; adhesion of V. alginolyticus was inhibited remarkably by starvation, heat treatment and periodic acid treatment; all of the eight kinds of carbohydrates investigated enhanced the adhesion of V. alginolyticus to the gill mucus of P. crocea, among them, glucose, mannose, fructose and maltose showed the specially enhanced adhesion. The results indicated that E alginolyticus could adhere to the gill mucus of P. crocea facilely in seawater, and this bacterial adhesion was influenced by environmental factors and closely related to superficial carbohydrate structures and some heat-sensitive structures.展开更多
The fingerling Grass carp. Ctenopharyngodon idellus. was exposed in differentconcentrations of meothrin nearby 24h LC_(50) and its gill morphology was examined by light and elec-tron microscopy. The results indicate...The fingerling Grass carp. Ctenopharyngodon idellus. was exposed in differentconcentrations of meothrin nearby 24h LC_(50) and its gill morphology was examined by light and elec-tron microscopy. The results indicate that meothrin caused fish convulsions. cough, ataxia,intermittent paralysis and overtumed. Morphological examination revealved severe alterations to com-pare with control fish. These initially consisted in hypertrophy of the secondary lamellae, andfinally resulted in local telangiectasia, fusion between secondary lamellae.Ultrustiuctural changes in the gills showed the pillar cell system collapse and resulted in largenon-tissue spaces which were invaded by leucocytes. The cytoplasin of the epithelial cells appearedmany myelin figures, electron dense deposits. Chloride cells were severely damaged with a degeneratedmitochondria and nuclear membrane. Higher concentration of meothrin caused a loss of adhesion be-tween the epithelial cells. accompanied by a collapsing of the structural integrity of the primarylamellae and degenerating of epithelial and chloride cells .展开更多
The distribution and concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined in the gills and remaining soft tissues of Perna viridis collected from 12 geographical sites (10 from the west and 2 from the east coastal wate...The distribution and concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined in the gills and remaining soft tissues of Perna viridis collected from 12 geographical sites (10 from the west and 2 from the east coastal waters) of Peninsular Malaysia. All samples showed that the levels of Cd, Pb and Zn were generally higher in the gill than those in the remaining soft tissues. These results could be due to the fact that gills are the first organ of metal accumulation and larger surface area with mucus sheets in the organ. Since the mussel gill is a better accumulator of Cd, Pb and Zn of ambient seawater than remaining soft tissue, it is a potential indicator of ambient levels of dissolved metals in the ambient seawater. However, further validations based on laboratory conditions are needed.展开更多
由玛萨诸塞州技术学院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)应用数学教授Greenspan Harvey P.等编写的高等数学教材名为《微积分——应用数学导论》(1986年第二版)。全书共八章,依次为极限、微分、积分、级数、向量、偏导数、重积...由玛萨诸塞州技术学院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)应用数学教授Greenspan Harvey P.等编写的高等数学教材名为《微积分——应用数学导论》(1986年第二版)。全书共八章,依次为极限、微分、积分、级数、向量、偏导数、重积分、向量运算。展开更多
This paper deals with the proportional distribution, niche breadth and niche overlap of two metazoan parasites(copepods species, Ergasilus anchoratus Markewitsch, 1946 and Pseudergasilus parasiluri Yamaguti, 1936) and...This paper deals with the proportional distribution, niche breadth and niche overlap of two metazoan parasites(copepods species, Ergasilus anchoratus Markewitsch, 1946 and Pseudergasilus parasiluri Yamaguti, 1936) and monogeneans (in the genus Silurodiscoides Gussev, 1976) found on gills of the fish, Silurus asotus L. from Jiangkou Reservoir in Jiangxi Province,China. E.anchoratus was the common and dominant metazoan parasite on gills of the fish in this locality as indicated by the higher infection levels, and distributed almost evenly on gill arches without any observed gill arch preference, as shown by the wide proportional distribution and broad niche breadth. P. parasiluri and monogeneans in Silurodiscoides were found also without any significant gill arch preference although they had a rather narrow niche breadth. The observed significant overlap between P. parasiluri and Silurodiscoides spp. may be simply due to the lower infection levels of the parasites. The observed pattern of unrestricted distributions of the parasitic copepods on gills of the fish may be accounted for, at least in part, by the moving ability of the copepods, and may also indicate that the parasite does not exhibit any feature of gill arch preference. However, further experimental research is needed to verify the microhabitat distribution of the parasites.展开更多
The combing process of gill machine is an important link in the wool spinning technology.Inorder to improve the quality of products,it is necessary to study the new autoleveling device whichuses the modern control the...The combing process of gill machine is an important link in the wool spinning technology.Inorder to improve the quality of products,it is necessary to study the new autoleveling device whichuses the modern control theory and microcomputer science.We have to set up a mathematicalmodel for object:As the woolen yarns (both input and output) are complex random process,it issuitable for CARMA (controlled autoregressive-moving average) to describe the object by meansof time series analyses of models.展开更多
There has been an increasing interest in marine oysters (order: Petridae) in recent years because their numbers are declining in many parts of the world and also because they are used as monitors of pollution. The pre...There has been an increasing interest in marine oysters (order: Petridae) in recent years because their numbers are declining in many parts of the world and also because they are used as monitors of pollution. The present study describes the microscopic structure of gills as viewed by light and electron microscopy in two locations selected in Alexandria coast, Eastern Harbor (E.H.) and El Asafra. The specimens in the E.H. represent the presence of extracellular mineralized granules.展开更多
Specimens of Mugil soiuy were collected from the coastal waters of Bohai Sea in Tianjin. The gillfilaments were cut with fine scissors and soaked for 24h in a fixative consisting of 2.5% glutaralde-hyde in 0.1 mol lph...Specimens of Mugil soiuy were collected from the coastal waters of Bohai Sea in Tianjin. The gillfilaments were cut with fine scissors and soaked for 24h in a fixative consisting of 2.5% glutaralde-hyde in 0.1 mol lphosporic acid buffer. After three washes in a buffer solution the tissue was fixedin a mixture of 1% osmium tetraoxide at 4℃ for 1h. The tissue was dehydrated in graded ethandethanols and dried. The tissue was examined and photographed with an SEM at an accelerating voltage展开更多
The hazardous effect of water pollution on the histopathology of gill organ of the pearl oyster, Pinctada radiata was studied with respect to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in Al-Khiran coast at Kuwait....The hazardous effect of water pollution on the histopathology of gill organ of the pearl oyster, Pinctada radiata was studied with respect to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in Al-Khiran coast at Kuwait. Thirty oyster samples from each site, site one where dead oysters were located, site two which is two kilometers away from site one and the control site which is ten kilometers away from site one were collected from Al-Khiran area where a massive number of dead oysters were reported. The gills of oysters were immediately removed and transferred to Bouin’s solution for fixation and then processed for sectioning, staining and mounting and gill tissues were ready for examination. Histopathological changes in gills of oysters exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in site one and site two included necrosis and edemas of branchial lamellae, complete degeneration of gill filaments, loss of regular shape and haemolysis, and inflammation. Gill tissues of oysters from the control site had normal appearance. The study showed a clear evidence that PAHs caused severe histopathological changes in gills of pearl oyster Pinctada radiata.展开更多
The current study investigates the toxic effects of acute dose of an endocrine disruptor atrazine on Grass carp (<em>Ctenepharyngodon idella</em>) using histopathological changes as biomarkers. Histopathol...The current study investigates the toxic effects of acute dose of an endocrine disruptor atrazine on Grass carp (<em>Ctenepharyngodon idella</em>) using histopathological changes as biomarkers. Histopathology is promising field for research in aquatic toxicology, in this manner vital organs;brain, gills, and liver tissues were inspected histological after exposing to sublethal groupings of atrazine 0.025 and 0.03 μl/L for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days individually with equal untreated control group. Against various doses, rapid movements, gulping of air and jumping of fish to scat from toxic medium were noticed. Various severe (+++) morphological modifications in tissue were documented in comparison with control group comprised of degenerated neurons, vacuolization, inflammatory cells infiltration and neural necrosis in brain tissue. The most well-known gills tissue alteration at all concentrations of atrazine was epithelial hyperplasia, desquamation, epithelial lifting and smaller aneurism while hepatic injuries were described by overcast expanding of hepatocytes esteemed as cloudy swelling of hepatocytes followed by karyolysis, karyohexis and dilation of sinusoids which shows that atrazine introduction upgraded the toxicosis impacts with the increase concentration, influenced the strength of the fish, inferable from histological inconsistencies.展开更多
The investigation was performed on 4 Mullets (27～49 cm long and weighing 225～1 500 g each) of both sexes from the waters off Tianjin. Small pieces of the gills were sliced and immersionfixed in a buffer mixture of 1...The investigation was performed on 4 Mullets (27～49 cm long and weighing 225～1 500 g each) of both sexes from the waters off Tianjin. Small pieces of the gills were sliced and immersionfixed in a buffer mixture of 1.5% glutaraldehyde, 1.5% paraformaldehyde and 0.1 mol/dm~3 phosphate for at least 24 h. After fixation in phosphate buffered 1% OOat 4 ℃ for 1 h, the tissues were展开更多
Rita rita exposed to a concentration of 6.9 mg per liter(96-h LC_(50)of an anionic detergent, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate)exhibited a gradual decrease in the lipid moieties of the epi- thelial cells,club cells,and...Rita rita exposed to a concentration of 6.9 mg per liter(96-h LC_(50)of an anionic detergent, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate)exhibited a gradual decrease in the lipid moieties of the epi- thelial cells,club cells,and goblet mucous cells lining the gill arch and gill filament epithelium. However,in time,no reaction of any of the lipid moieties could be observed,indicating the absence of the same,using various histochemical techniques.The results are discussed in light of the mechanistic understanding of detergent action.1989 Academic Press,Inc.展开更多
基金This study was funded by the National Hi-Tech Development Plan("863"Plan)of China under contract Nos 2001AA5070 and 2002AA639600the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province under contract No.B0410022.
文摘Adhesion of Vibrio alginolyticus to the gill mucus of Pseudosciaena crocea has been investigated using [ methyl-^3 H ] thymidine as isotope tracer. The results showed that： the adhesive quantity of V. alginolyticus increased with bacterial concentrations and reached equilibrium after incubated for 180 min; the higher adhesive quantity was obtained at 15 ~ 30 ℃ and sourish conditions; adhesion of V. alginolyticus could not achieved without Na^＋ , and Ca^2＋ played an auxiliary role in the bacterial adhesion; adhesion of V. alginolyticus was inhibited remarkably by starvation, heat treatment and periodic acid treatment; all of the eight kinds of carbohydrates investigated enhanced the adhesion of V. alginolyticus to the gill mucus of P. crocea, among them, glucose, mannose, fructose and maltose showed the specially enhanced adhesion. The results indicated that E alginolyticus could adhere to the gill mucus of P. crocea facilely in seawater, and this bacterial adhesion was influenced by environmental factors and closely related to superficial carbohydrate structures and some heat-sensitive structures.
文摘The fingerling Grass carp. Ctenopharyngodon idellus. was exposed in differentconcentrations of meothrin nearby 24h LC_(50) and its gill morphology was examined by light and elec-tron microscopy. The results indicate that meothrin caused fish convulsions. cough, ataxia,intermittent paralysis and overtumed. Morphological examination revealved severe alterations to com-pare with control fish. These initially consisted in hypertrophy of the secondary lamellae, andfinally resulted in local telangiectasia, fusion between secondary lamellae.Ultrustiuctural changes in the gills showed the pillar cell system collapse and resulted in largenon-tissue spaces which were invaded by leucocytes. The cytoplasin of the epithelial cells appearedmany myelin figures, electron dense deposits. Chloride cells were severely damaged with a degeneratedmitochondria and nuclear membrane. Higher concentration of meothrin caused a loss of adhesion be-tween the epithelial cells. accompanied by a collapsing of the structural integrity of the primarylamellae and degenerating of epithelial and chloride cells .
文摘The distribution and concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined in the gills and remaining soft tissues of Perna viridis collected from 12 geographical sites (10 from the west and 2 from the east coastal waters) of Peninsular Malaysia. All samples showed that the levels of Cd, Pb and Zn were generally higher in the gill than those in the remaining soft tissues. These results could be due to the fact that gills are the first organ of metal accumulation and larger surface area with mucus sheets in the organ. Since the mussel gill is a better accumulator of Cd, Pb and Zn of ambient seawater than remaining soft tissue, it is a potential indicator of ambient levels of dissolved metals in the ambient seawater. However, further validations based on laboratory conditions are needed.
文摘This paper deals with the proportional distribution, niche breadth and niche overlap of two metazoan parasites(copepods species, Ergasilus anchoratus Markewitsch, 1946 and Pseudergasilus parasiluri Yamaguti, 1936) and monogeneans (in the genus Silurodiscoides Gussev, 1976) found on gills of the fish, Silurus asotus L. from Jiangkou Reservoir in Jiangxi Province,China. E.anchoratus was the common and dominant metazoan parasite on gills of the fish in this locality as indicated by the higher infection levels, and distributed almost evenly on gill arches without any observed gill arch preference, as shown by the wide proportional distribution and broad niche breadth. P. parasiluri and monogeneans in Silurodiscoides were found also without any significant gill arch preference although they had a rather narrow niche breadth. The observed significant overlap between P. parasiluri and Silurodiscoides spp. may be simply due to the lower infection levels of the parasites. The observed pattern of unrestricted distributions of the parasitic copepods on gills of the fish may be accounted for, at least in part, by the moving ability of the copepods, and may also indicate that the parasite does not exhibit any feature of gill arch preference. However, further experimental research is needed to verify the microhabitat distribution of the parasites.
文摘The combing process of gill machine is an important link in the wool spinning technology.Inorder to improve the quality of products,it is necessary to study the new autoleveling device whichuses the modern control theory and microcomputer science.We have to set up a mathematicalmodel for object:As the woolen yarns (both input and output) are complex random process,it issuitable for CARMA (controlled autoregressive-moving average) to describe the object by meansof time series analyses of models.
文摘There has been an increasing interest in marine oysters (order: Petridae) in recent years because their numbers are declining in many parts of the world and also because they are used as monitors of pollution. The present study describes the microscopic structure of gills as viewed by light and electron microscopy in two locations selected in Alexandria coast, Eastern Harbor (E.H.) and El Asafra. The specimens in the E.H. represent the presence of extracellular mineralized granules.
文摘Specimens of Mugil soiuy were collected from the coastal waters of Bohai Sea in Tianjin. The gillfilaments were cut with fine scissors and soaked for 24h in a fixative consisting of 2.5% glutaralde-hyde in 0.1 mol lphosporic acid buffer. After three washes in a buffer solution the tissue was fixedin a mixture of 1% osmium tetraoxide at 4℃ for 1h. The tissue was dehydrated in graded ethandethanols and dried. The tissue was examined and photographed with an SEM at an accelerating voltage
文摘The hazardous effect of water pollution on the histopathology of gill organ of the pearl oyster, Pinctada radiata was studied with respect to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in Al-Khiran coast at Kuwait. Thirty oyster samples from each site, site one where dead oysters were located, site two which is two kilometers away from site one and the control site which is ten kilometers away from site one were collected from Al-Khiran area where a massive number of dead oysters were reported. The gills of oysters were immediately removed and transferred to Bouin’s solution for fixation and then processed for sectioning, staining and mounting and gill tissues were ready for examination. Histopathological changes in gills of oysters exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in site one and site two included necrosis and edemas of branchial lamellae, complete degeneration of gill filaments, loss of regular shape and haemolysis, and inflammation. Gill tissues of oysters from the control site had normal appearance. The study showed a clear evidence that PAHs caused severe histopathological changes in gills of pearl oyster Pinctada radiata.
文摘The current study investigates the toxic effects of acute dose of an endocrine disruptor atrazine on Grass carp (<em>Ctenepharyngodon idella</em>) using histopathological changes as biomarkers. Histopathology is promising field for research in aquatic toxicology, in this manner vital organs;brain, gills, and liver tissues were inspected histological after exposing to sublethal groupings of atrazine 0.025 and 0.03 μl/L for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days individually with equal untreated control group. Against various doses, rapid movements, gulping of air and jumping of fish to scat from toxic medium were noticed. Various severe (+++) morphological modifications in tissue were documented in comparison with control group comprised of degenerated neurons, vacuolization, inflammatory cells infiltration and neural necrosis in brain tissue. The most well-known gills tissue alteration at all concentrations of atrazine was epithelial hyperplasia, desquamation, epithelial lifting and smaller aneurism while hepatic injuries were described by overcast expanding of hepatocytes esteemed as cloudy swelling of hepatocytes followed by karyolysis, karyohexis and dilation of sinusoids which shows that atrazine introduction upgraded the toxicosis impacts with the increase concentration, influenced the strength of the fish, inferable from histological inconsistencies.
文摘The investigation was performed on 4 Mullets (27～49 cm long and weighing 225～1 500 g each) of both sexes from the waters off Tianjin. Small pieces of the gills were sliced and immersionfixed in a buffer mixture of 1.5% glutaraldehyde, 1.5% paraformaldehyde and 0.1 mol/dm~3 phosphate for at least 24 h. After fixation in phosphate buffered 1% OOat 4 ℃ for 1 h, the tissues were
文摘Rita rita exposed to a concentration of 6.9 mg per liter(96-h LC_(50)of an anionic detergent, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate)exhibited a gradual decrease in the lipid moieties of the epi- thelial cells,club cells,and goblet mucous cells lining the gill arch and gill filament epithelium. However,in time,no reaction of any of the lipid moieties could be observed,indicating the absence of the same,using various histochemical techniques.The results are discussed in light of the mechanistic understanding of detergent action.1989 Academic Press,Inc.
