The rare ginsenoside Compound K （C-K） is attracting more attention because of its good physiological activity and urgent need. There are many pathways to obtain ginsenoside C-K, including chemical and biological met...The rare ginsenoside Compound K （C-K） is attracting more attention because of its good physiological activity and urgent need. There are many pathways to obtain ginsenoside C-K, including chemical and biological methods. Among these, the conversion of PPD-type ginsenosides by enzymatic hydrolysis is a trend due to its high efficiency and mild conditions. For effectively extracting from the other panaxadiol saponins, the conversion process for ginsenoside C-K was investigated using snailases in this study. The univariate experimental design and response surface methodology were used to determine the optimal hydrolysis conditions for the conversion of ginsenoside Rbl into ginsenoside C-K by snailases. The optimum conditions were as follows： pH 5,12, temperature 51 ℃, ratio of snailase/substrate 0.21, and reaction time 48 h. On the basis of these parameters, the addition of 1.0 mmol· L- 1 ferric ion was found to significantly improve the enzymolysis ofsnailases for the first time. With the above conditions, the maximum conversion rate reached 89.7%, suggesting that the process can obviously increase the yield of ginsenoside C-K. The bioassay tests indicated that the ginsenoside C-K showed anti-tumor activity in a series of tumor cell lines. Based on these results, we can conclude that the process of rare ginsenoside C- K production by enzymolysis with snailase is feasible, efficient, and suitable for the industrial production and application.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Ginsenoside metabolite compound K(CK)is a degradation product of ginsenoside in the intestine by bacteria.The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of CK have been reported.This study investigate...OBJECTIVE Ginsenoside metabolite compound K(CK)is a degradation product of ginsenoside in the intestine by bacteria.The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of CK have been reported.This study investigated whether CK exerted its immunoregulatory effect through modulation of dendritic cells(DCs)function.METHODS In vivo,severity of collegen-induced arthritis(CIA),T cells and DCs subsets,phenotype of DC were assayed by flow cytometry,CCL19 and CCL21 level in lymph nodes assayed by ELISA.In vitro,bone marrow-derived DCs from normal mice were matured with lipopolysaccharide and treated with CK for 48 h.In vivo,bone marrow-derived DCs were generated from CIA mice before and 2 weeks into CK treatment.DCs were analyzed for migration,phenotype and T-cell stimulatory capacity.RESULTS CK alleviated the severity of CIA,decreased pD Cs and mo-DCs,increased na?ve T cells in CIA mice lymph nodes,and suppressed CCL21 expression in lymph nodes.CK suppressed DCs migration induced by CCL21 and T cells-stimulatory capability of DC,down-regulated LPS-induced expression of CD80,CD86,MHCII and CCR7 on DCs.CONCLUSION This study elucidated the novel immunomodulatory property of CK via impairing function of DCs in priming T cells activation.These results provide an interesting novel insight into the potential mechanism by which CK contribute to the restoration of immunoregulation in autoimmune conditions.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21476182,21776227,21776228)Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials Program(2014SZS07-K04,2014SZS07-P05,15JS106,2014SZS07-Z01,2014SZS07-Z02,2016SZSj-35,2014SZS07-K03)Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering Program(2015HBGC-04)
文摘The rare ginsenoside Compound K （C-K） is attracting more attention because of its good physiological activity and urgent need. There are many pathways to obtain ginsenoside C-K, including chemical and biological methods. Among these, the conversion of PPD-type ginsenosides by enzymatic hydrolysis is a trend due to its high efficiency and mild conditions. For effectively extracting from the other panaxadiol saponins, the conversion process for ginsenoside C-K was investigated using snailases in this study. The univariate experimental design and response surface methodology were used to determine the optimal hydrolysis conditions for the conversion of ginsenoside Rbl into ginsenoside C-K by snailases. The optimum conditions were as follows： pH 5,12, temperature 51 ℃, ratio of snailase/substrate 0.21, and reaction time 48 h. On the basis of these parameters, the addition of 1.0 mmol· L- 1 ferric ion was found to significantly improve the enzymolysis ofsnailases for the first time. With the above conditions, the maximum conversion rate reached 89.7%, suggesting that the process can obviously increase the yield of ginsenoside C-K. The bioassay tests indicated that the ginsenoside C-K showed anti-tumor activity in a series of tumor cell lines. Based on these results, we can conclude that the process of rare ginsenoside C- K production by enzymolysis with snailase is feasible, efficient, and suitable for the industrial production and application.
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(81503084,81330081,31200675,and 81173075)
文摘OBJECTIVE Ginsenoside metabolite compound K(CK)is a degradation product of ginsenoside in the intestine by bacteria.The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of CK have been reported.This study investigated whether CK exerted its immunoregulatory effect through modulation of dendritic cells(DCs)function.METHODS In vivo,severity of collegen-induced arthritis(CIA),T cells and DCs subsets,phenotype of DC were assayed by flow cytometry,CCL19 and CCL21 level in lymph nodes assayed by ELISA.In vitro,bone marrow-derived DCs from normal mice were matured with lipopolysaccharide and treated with CK for 48 h.In vivo,bone marrow-derived DCs were generated from CIA mice before and 2 weeks into CK treatment.DCs were analyzed for migration,phenotype and T-cell stimulatory capacity.RESULTS CK alleviated the severity of CIA,decreased pD Cs and mo-DCs,increased na?ve T cells in CIA mice lymph nodes,and suppressed CCL21 expression in lymph nodes.CK suppressed DCs migration induced by CCL21 and T cells-stimulatory capability of DC,down-regulated LPS-induced expression of CD80,CD86,MHCII and CCR7 on DCs.CONCLUSION This study elucidated the novel immunomodulatory property of CK via impairing function of DCs in priming T cells activation.These results provide an interesting novel insight into the potential mechanism by which CK contribute to the restoration of immunoregulation in autoimmune conditions.
文摘目的:探讨人参皂苷compound K(CK)对急性心肌梗死小鼠梗死纤维瘢痕比和心功能的影响。方法:45只,雄性,C57BL/6J小鼠,随机分为假手术组、模型组、CK组(各15只)。假手术组和模型组灌胃0.9%氯化钠液10m L·kg^(-1)·day^(-1),人参皂苷CK组灌胃给予人参皂苷CK10 m L·kg^(-1)·day^(-1)(浓度0.2%)。14d后心脏超声检测各组心功能改变,HE染色和Masson染色检测各组心肌坏死和梗死纤维瘢痕比,ELISA法检测各组小鼠术后第7d、14d血清中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL^(-1)0水平,流式细胞技术检测各组小鼠脾脏调节性T细胞(Treg)变化。结果:与假手术组相比,模型组心功能显著下降(P<0.05),第7天血清中TNF-α和IL-6表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),第14天后无明显改变,而IL^(-1)0第7天和第14天,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而脾脏Treg细胞比例显著降低(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,人参皂苷CK组心功能显著改善,心肌坏死减少,心肌梗死纤维瘢痕明显减少(P<0.05)。第7天血清中TNF-α和IL-6表达水平显著下降(P<0.05),第14天无差异,而IL^(-1)0第7天和14天均表达增加(P<0.05)。脾脏Treg细胞比例显著增加(P<0.05)。结论:人参皂苷CK对急性心肌梗死小鼠有较好的保护作用,其机制可能是增加调节性T细胞比例,并减轻炎症损伤。
