In Vitro Efficacy Assessment of Botanical Extracts against Botrytis gladiolorum Causing Gladiolus Leaf Blight

An experiment was conducted at the Mycology laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to find out the efficacy of selected botanical extracts against Botrytis gladiolorum (Bg) causing gladiolus leaf blight. Infected leaves samples were collected from gladiolus farmers’ field and brought to the laboratory for study. Ten selected botanicals were used against the colony growth of (Bg). The botanicals were Mehendi, Chrysanthemum, Basil (Tulsi), Onion, Neem, Bael, Arjuna, Garlic, Aloevera (Ghritkumary) and Turmeric. Botanical extracts were applied at the rate of 5%, 10% and 20%. The radial mycelia growth was found minimum (11.60 mm) in garlic extract treated plate at the dose of 5% at 5 DAI, which was statistically similar with turmeric extract treated (14.00 mm) plate and the inhibition of growth was 60% and 51.72%, respectively. Similar trend was found at 10 DAI and 15 DAI. At 15 DAI, garlic and turmeric extract gave the best result against Bg, which was statistically similar with onion (50.07% inhibition) and mehendi (49.93%). All botanicals showed significantly different results over control and found effective in reducing the mycelial growth at the dose of 10%. At 5 DAI, no radial mycelia growth was found in garlic treated plate, which was statistically similar with onion treated plate, means that the inhibition of growth was 100%. Similar trend was also found at 10 DAI, and 15 DAI but at 15 DAI, onion (30.20 mm) gave the statistically similar results with Garlic (30.10 mm) and the mycelia growth inhibition was (57.70%) and (57.84%), respectively. In case of 20% dose, garlic extract showed the best result at 5 DAI and the radial mycelia growth was found minimum (00.00 mm) which was statistically similar with onion extract treated (00.00 mm) plate and turmeric extract treated plate. The inhibition of growth was 100%. At 15 DAI, the inhibition of fungal growth was found (73.74%), (71.23%) and (66.90%), respectively with treated by turmeric (18.80 mm), garlic (20.60 mm) and onion (23.70 mm).

RAPD Analysis of M_1 Generation of Gladiolus hybridus Hort Treated by EMS

Gladiolus hybridus Hort is one of the world＇s famous cutting flowers. It is very popular because of the big size, bright color, various shape, and long period of bloom. New species should be cultivated in order to meet the consumers＇ need of asking for the new. Among the technologies of cultivating new species of flowers, mutagenic breeding is a shortcut. This study treated corm bud of G. hybridus Hort with EMS of different consistency. Then M1 after treated was analyzed by RAPD. The result showed that EMS was a very effective mutagenic agent for the corm bud of G. hybridus Hort. With the increase of consistency, the mutagenic range increased first, then decreased, among which 0.6% EMS treatment had the biggest influence. However, with the same EMS consistency, there was not close relevancy between the amount of mutagenic agent and the divergence of plant＇s genomes, which offered a molecular basis for selecting plants with good mutation.

Research on protoplast preparation and culture in Gladiolus hybridus Hort

Protoplasts prepared from the aseptic leaves of Rose Supreme in Gladiolus hybridus Hort. were cultured. The yield of protoplasts with vigour was the highest under the following conditions： 1.5% cellulase Onzuka RS, 0.5% pectinase Y-23, 0.6 mol· L^-1 mannitol, pH 5.8, digestion time 2 h, and temperature 27℃. After isolation and purification, protoplasts were cultured in solid and liquid combined medium, which included KM8P, 0.6 mol· L^-1 mannitol, 1.0 mg· L^-1 2, 4-D, 0.2 mg· L^-1 NAA and 0.2 mg· L^-1 KT. The division of the protoplasts first emerged in medium after cultured 4 days, and emerged only a few times.

Effects of Exogenous Calcium on Some Postharvest Characteristics of Cut Gladiolus

In order to apply calcium to the vase solutions of cut gladiolus （Gladiolus hybridus）, the vase life and some physiological characteristics were studied in this article. A gladiolus cultivar, Mascagni, was chosen for experiments, and its cut flowers were held into solutions, which contained calcium acetate, ethylene glycol bis-amino tetmacetate （EGTA）, and water, respectively. The effects of calcium were probed by measuring the ornamental quality of cut gladiolus and the physiological characteristics such as calmodulin （CAM）, abscisic acid （ABA）, gibberellins （GA）, zeatin （ZRs）, endogenous calcium, malondialdehyde （MDA）, and soluble sugar in florets. In a solution of 2 mmol L-1 calcium acetate, the opening rate of cut gladiolus was higher than that of control, and the vase life and ornamental value of flowers were better than that in control and other treatments of calcium acetate. Thus, the solution of 2 mmol L^-1 calcium acetate has the best effect on the fresh keeping of cut gladiolus. In petals and bracts of cut gladiolus, the contents of CaM and GA and the ratios of GA/ABA and ZRs/ABA were higher in treatment of 2 mmol L^-1 calcium acetate than that in control, while the contents of ABA and MDA were lower. Compared with the control, the solution of 2 mmol L^-1 calcium acetate increased the endogenous calcium contents, and decreased the MDA contents, and alleviated the effects of EGTA on CaM, GA, GA/ABA, and ZRs/ABA. It made the soluble sugar content higher in petals than the control, but lower in bracts. Thus, the solution of 2 mmol L^-1 calcium acetate not only stabilizes the membrane structure of cut gladiolus, but also activates CaM. It thereby controls the endogenous hormone levels, and transports soluble sugar into petals, and increases the vase life of the flower.

ISSR Analysis of M_1 Generation of Gladiolus hybridus Hort Treated by EMS

Gladiolus hybridus Hort is one of famous cutting flowers,being famous of big size,bright color,various shapes and long bloom period.New species should be cultivated in order to meet consumers needs.Mutagenic breeding is a shortcut to cultivate new species of flowers.In this study,corm bud of G.hybridus Hort was treated with different concentrations of EMS.Then M 1 generation was analyzed by ISSR.Results showed that EMS was a very effective mutagenic agent for the corm bud of G.hybridus Hort.With the increa...

Study on Mutant Induction of Gladiolus by in vitro Culture of Petals

Petals of Gladiolus ＇Rose Supreme＇ were used to establish regeneration system. Developmental characteristics of petals were observed. A total of 94 plantlets of petal somaclonal line were marked in Mj generation by ISSR molecular markers and traits were observed in M3 generation. The results showed that the best medium to induce callus was MS＋2, 4-D 4.0 rag＂ L-~＋6-BA 0.5 rag. L~ and the best medium to induce somatic embryogenesis was MS＋2, 4-D1.0 mg＇L-I＋TDZ0.3 mg-L-1. New petals could be formed from petal callus directly. Pigments of mother plant appeared on plantlets while they were formed from petals. Two mutants were obtained from petal somaclonal line in M3 generation which demonstrated the correctness of ISSR analysis in M1 generation.

RAPD Analysis of Twelve General Species of Gladiolus hybridus Hort.

RAPD analysis was applied in studying the classification and genetic relationship of 12 cultivars of Gladiolus hybridus Hort. Twenty-six arbitrary primers screened from 80 primers were used for further PCR and diversity analysis. A total of 164 RAPD sites were detected with a mean of 6.31 fragments amplified for each primer. A total of 151 polymorphic DNA fragments were detected among all ,the 164 amplified fragments, which accounted for a high level of 92.8% of all and could be used for identification of different cultivars. The result revealed that the germplasm resource of Gladiolus hybridus Hort. cultivar had a narrow genetic base on molecular level.

ISSR Analysis of 26 General Species in Gladiolus hybridus Hort

ISSR analysis is applied in this study to research the classification and genetic relationship of 26 cultivars of G.hybridus Hort.Total 19 arbitrary primers screened from 100 primers were used for further PCR and diversity analysis.A total of 110 ISSR sites were detected with a mean of 5.63 fragments amplified for each primer.A total of 103 polymorphic DNA fragments were detected among all the 110 amplified fragments,which accounted for a high level of 93.6%of all and could be used to identify different cultivars.The results revealed that the idioplasm resource of G.hybridus Hort cutting flower cultivar had a narrow genetic basis on molecular level,and certain genetic relationship existed in summer large-flowers of G.hybridus Hort varieties.

Discovery of UPSTREAM OF FLOWERING LOCUS C (UFC) and FLOWERING LOCUS C EXPRESSOR (FLX) in Gladiolus ×hybridus, G. dalenii

The lack of identified flowering genes in ornamental geophytic crops,such as Gladiolus,is critical to further genetic research.The UPSTREAM OF FLOWERING LOCUS C(UFC)gene is adjacent to FLOWERING LOCUS C(FLC)which is a floral repressor;FLC EXPRESSOR(FLX)upregulates FRIGIDA which upregulates FLC expression.The purpose of this research was to determine whether two flowering genes exist in Gladiolus×hybridus and G.dalenii:UFC and FLX.Seventeen early flowering and commercial cultivars possess the UFC gene with four exons in two allelic forms.The sequenced UFC gene,when translated into its amino acid sequence and set in pair-alignment to other species,has<57%in amino acid identity to Musa acuminata.The FLX gene in gladiolus has 3/5(60%)exons in common with Ananas comosus;pair-alignment of the exons has~65%identity of FLX to A.comosus.The UFC protein consists of a conserved domain,DUF966,which is higher in identity(86%)and pair-alignment with Elaeis guineensis.The two newly-discovered genes in gladiolus,UFC and FLX,provide insight into the flowering mechanism,flowering pathway genes,and vernalization response.

In vitro Selection for Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Gladiolus

Cormels pieces of four Fusarium susceptible Gladiolus cultivars （Friendship, Peter Pears, Victor Borge and Novalux） formed friable calli when cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog basal medium containing various concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. The friable calli established cell suspensions. Plantlet regeneration was obtained from the control callus, control cell suspension derived callus and in vitro selected Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. resistant cell-lines of Friendship. The in vitro cormlets showed 85-95% germination after breaking dormancy of 8 weeks at 4℃. Cell suspensions of all four Gladiolus cultivars were found to be highly sensitive to fusaric acid. Gradual increase in fusaric acid concentrations to the cell-suspension cultures decreased cell growth considerably. One albino plant was found from the second generation of the in vitro selected cell line of Friendship. The albino plant was found to be highly susceptible to F. oxysporum. The cormlets of all in vitro selected cell lines of Friendship were inoculated with a conidial suspension of the F. oxysporum before planting and were also sprayed with the same spore suspension for further characterization when the height of plants was about 6cm. The four selected cell lines showed the same response whether or not they were inoculated with conidia of the F. oxysporum. Plantlets of all of the selected cell lines exhibited significant growth as compared with the control after application of conidia of the F. oxysporum.

图像处理技术在唐菖蒲叶面积测定中的应用

以数码相机结合Photoshop软件实测的唐菖蒲(Gladiolus hybridus Hort)叶面积为参照,用不同叶位叶片的长径(L)和宽径(W)求得唐菖蒲叶面积的矫正系数和回归方程。以矫正系数(K)法求算叶面积:品种“桃红”LA=0.65LW,品种“玫瑰粉”LA=0.71LW;回归方程法求算叶面积:“桃红”LA=0.58×L×W+7.02,“玫瑰粉”LA=0.69×L×W+1.58。经方差分析比较证明,应用回归方程法计算的叶面积比用矫正系数法更为可靠。

不同品种唐菖蒲叶片浸提液对土壤微生物数量的影响

为了明确不同品种唐菖蒲地上部分叶片对土壤微生物数量化感作用的差异,采用稀释平板菌落计数法,以新星(Nova Lux,A1)、金色原野(Gold Field,A2)、阿姆斯特丹(Amsterdam,A3)、粉友谊(Friendship,A4)和超级红(Red Supreme,A5)5个唐菖蒲栽培品种为研究对象,研究了各品种叶片浸提液对土壤微生物数量的影响。结果表明,唐菖蒲叶片浸提液对土壤中微生物数量产生了显著影响,同时,这种影响具有一定的品种效应和浓度效应。在对土壤细菌的影响上,A1、A2、A3具有极显著的促进作用和低浓度促进效应,其中A3在叶片浸提液浓度为10 g·L-1时细菌数量最多,约是对照的4-5倍;A4和A5则表现较强的抑制作用,其中A5叶片浸提液为10 g·L-1时,细菌数量约是对照的50%。在对真菌的影响上以抑制效应为主,而且品种间抑制效应存在较大差别。其中以A4在10 g·L-1时的叶片浸提液的抑制效果最强,真菌的数量仅为对照的5%。在对放线菌影响上,只有A3对放线菌数量有显著的低浓度促进效应,在叶片浸提液浓度为10 g·L-1时放线菌数量约为对照的二倍,其他品种均有一定程度的抑制作用。

不同物质对唐菖蒲继代培养试管苗芽增殖的影响

[目的]探讨不同物质对唐菖蒲继代培养试管苗芽增殖的影响。[方法]在唐菖蒲试管苗芽增殖过程中,添加不同植物生长调节剂、碳源、活性炭,考察不同物质对芽增殖影响。[结果]浓度0.5 mg/L奈乙酸与浓度1.0 mg/L的6-苄基腺嘌呤植物生长调节剂组合下,苗增殖效果好而且苗较壮,增殖倍数为5。0.2%的活性炭,在30 d内有利于试管苗株高的增加,但对芽的诱导无明显作用。[结论]用50 g/L市售白糖代替40 g/L纯蔗糖作为培养基的碳源是可行的,这样降低了配制培养基的成本,而且对试管苗的增殖和质量无影响。

蔗糖溶液预处理对唐菖蒲‘嫦娥粉’切花花朵开放的促进作用

分别采用ω(蔗糖)=5%、10%和15%的溶液对唐菖蒲‘嫦娥粉’(Gladiolus hybridus‘Eerde’)切花于瓶插前预处理24 h,观察不同浓度蔗糖溶液对该切花瓶插期间花朵开放的促进效应.结果表明,与对照(去离子水)相比,各浓度蔗糖溶液预处理可不同程度地促进唐菖蒲切花上的花朵开放,尤其以ω(蔗糖)=10%和15%的溶液预处理的效果更为突出,二者均可显著提高唐菖蒲切花的小花日开放率和切花日观赏值,改善切花的水分吸收,并有利于维持切花的鲜样质量.

不同浓度柠檬酸对唐菖蒲保鲜效果的影响

以鲜切花唐菖蒲(Gladiolus gandavensis Vaniot Houtt)为试材,采用不同浓度的柠檬酸对其进行保鲜处理,研究了柠檬酸对唐菖蒲切花寿命、观赏品质以及瓶插过程中切花花径、失水量、吸水量、水分平衡值、鲜质量变化量等指标的影响。结果表明:添加保鲜液的各处理均能不同程度地延长唐菖蒲鲜切花的寿命,提高切花品质,增加切花鲜质量与花径大小。其中,添加柠檬酸的保鲜液处理在鲜质量达到最大值后,降幅整体较缓,且在促进切花保鲜、延长切花寿命方面效果显著,使得平均日观赏值明显增加。