Collective motion can be observed in biological systems over a wide range of length scales, from large animals to bacteria. Collective motion is thought to confer an advantage for defense and adaptation. A central que...Collective motion can be observed in biological systems over a wide range of length scales, from large animals to bacteria. Collective motion is thought to confer an advantage for defense and adaptation. A central question in the study of biological collective motion is how the traits of individuals give rise to the emergent behavior at population level This question is relevant to the dynamics of general self-propelled particle systems, biological self-organization, and active fluids. Bacteria provide a tractable system to address this question, because bacteria are simple and their behavior is relatively easy to control. In this mini review we will focus on a special form of bacterial collective motion, i.e., bacterial swarming in two dimensions. We will introduce some organization principles known in bacterial swarming and discuss potential means of controlling its dynamics. The simplicity and controllability of 2D bacterial behavior during swarming would allow experimental examination of theory predictions on general collective motion.展开更多
The recently discovered type IX secretion system(T9SS)is limited to the Bacteroidetes phylum.Cytophaga hutchin-sonii,a member of the Bacteroidetes phylum widely spread in soil,has complete orthologs of T9SS components...The recently discovered type IX secretion system(T9SS)is limited to the Bacteroidetes phylum.Cytophaga hutchin-sonii,a member of the Bacteroidetes phylum widely spread in soil,has complete orthologs of T9SS components and many T9SS substrates.C.hutchinsonii can efficiently degrade crystalline cellulose using a novel strategy,in which bacterial cells must be in direct contact with cellulose.It can rapidly glide over surfaces via unclear mech-anisms.Studies have shown that T9SS plays an important role in cellulose degradation,gliding motility,and ion assimilation in C.hutchinsonii.As reported recently,T9SS substrates are N-or O-glycosylated at their C-terminal domains(CTDs),with N-glycosylation being related to the translocation and outer membrane anchoring of these proteins.These findings have deepened our understanding of T9SS in C.hutchinsonii.In this review,we focused on the research progress on diverse substrates and functions of T9SS in C.hutchinsonii and the glycosylation of its substrates.A model of T9SS functions and the glycosylation of its substrates was proposed.展开更多
基金This work is supported by funding from CUHK Direct Research Grants （Nos. 4053019, 4053079 and 4053130） the Research Grants Council of HKSAR （RGC Ref. No. CUHK 409713）, and from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. NSFC 21473152）.
文摘Collective motion can be observed in biological systems over a wide range of length scales, from large animals to bacteria. Collective motion is thought to confer an advantage for defense and adaptation. A central question in the study of biological collective motion is how the traits of individuals give rise to the emergent behavior at population level This question is relevant to the dynamics of general self-propelled particle systems, biological self-organization, and active fluids. Bacteria provide a tractable system to address this question, because bacteria are simple and their behavior is relatively easy to control. In this mini review we will focus on a special form of bacterial collective motion, i.e., bacterial swarming in two dimensions. We will introduce some organization principles known in bacterial swarming and discuss potential means of controlling its dynamics. The simplicity and controllability of 2D bacterial behavior during swarming would allow experimental examination of theory predictions on general collective motion.
基金The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31770080)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2100500).
文摘The recently discovered type IX secretion system(T9SS)is limited to the Bacteroidetes phylum.Cytophaga hutchin-sonii,a member of the Bacteroidetes phylum widely spread in soil,has complete orthologs of T9SS components and many T9SS substrates.C.hutchinsonii can efficiently degrade crystalline cellulose using a novel strategy,in which bacterial cells must be in direct contact with cellulose.It can rapidly glide over surfaces via unclear mech-anisms.Studies have shown that T9SS plays an important role in cellulose degradation,gliding motility,and ion assimilation in C.hutchinsonii.As reported recently,T9SS substrates are N-or O-glycosylated at their C-terminal domains(CTDs),with N-glycosylation being related to the translocation and outer membrane anchoring of these proteins.These findings have deepened our understanding of T9SS in C.hutchinsonii.In this review,we focused on the research progress on diverse substrates and functions of T9SS in C.hutchinsonii and the glycosylation of its substrates.A model of T9SS functions and the glycosylation of its substrates was proposed.
