Temozolomide chemotherapy based on MGMT protein expression for patients with malignant gliomas:a report of 40 cases

Objective This study is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy based on O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) protein expression in patients with malignant gliomas. Methods A total of 40 patients with pathologically confirmed malignant gliomas were enrolled. All patients had pretreated with radiotherapy and had assessable lesions.

The expression of MMPs and TIMPs in gliomas of the limbic system

To investigate the function of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2(TIMP-2) in the invasion of gliomas of the limbic system.Methods The expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in low and high-grade gliomas and meningiomas was detected by using immunohistochemical technique.Results (1) The expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly higher in high grade gliomas than those in low grade gliomas (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively).They were also significantly higher in low grade gliomas than those in meninginomas (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively).(2) The TIMP-2 expression level was obviously lower in gliomas of grade Ⅲ and grade Ⅳthan that in gliomas of grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ.Also,the expression of TIMP-2 in gliomas of grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in meningiomas. Conclusion (1) The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human brain gliomas is related to malignant progression of gliomas.They might be used as the indicators to evaluate the malignancy and prognosis of gliomas.(2) Imbalance between MMP-s and TIMP-s may be one of the improtant factors promoting glioma invasion.5 refs,3 figs.

Prognostic implications of epidermal growth factor receptor variant Ⅲ expression and nuclear translocation in Chinese human gliomas

Objective: To determine the prognostic implications and clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor variant Ⅲ(EGFRvⅢ) expression and EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation in Chinese human gliomas.Methods: We retrospectively examined EGFRvⅢ expression and EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation using immunohistochemistry in specimens of 240 Chinese patients with glioma, including 84 World Health Organization(WHO) II gliomas, 84 WHO Ⅲ gliomas and 72 glioblastomas(WHO IV). Factors that correlated with EGFRvⅢ and EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation expression were analyzed by the Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier methodology and Cox regression were used for the survival analysis.Results: Log-rank tests showed that patient age, Karnofsky performance scale(KPS) score, tumor grade,EGFRvⅢ expression, EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation, 1 p/19 q codeletion, isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH)mutation, Ki-67 labeling index and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase(MGMT) status(P<0.05) were significantly correlated with overall survival(OS) time. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that patient age, tumor grade, EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation, 1 p/19 q codeletion, and IDH mutation(P<0.05) were significantly correlated with OS. Patients with a high level of EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation(≥7%) had both significantly shorter OS [hazard ratio(HR): 1.920, 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 1.228-3.003, P=0.004] and progression-free survival(PFS) times(HR: 1.661, 95% CI: 1.116-2.471, P=0.012) than those with a low level of EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation(<7%).Conclusions: A high level of EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation in glioma is an independent factor indicating a poor prognosis, but EGFRvⅢ expression is not an independent clinical prognostic factor. The level of EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation maybe a novel and crucial prognostic biomarker in glioma.

A complete compilation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in human malignant gliomas

Glioblastomas are characterized by an aggressive local growth pattern, a marked degree of invasiveness and poor prognosis. Tumor invasiveness is facilitated by the increased activity of proteolytic enzymes which are involved in destruction of the extracellular matrix of the surrounding healthy brain tissue. Elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) were found in glioblastoma(GBM) cell-lines, as well as in GBM biopsies as compared with low-grade astrocytoma(LGA) and normal brain samples, indicating a role in malignant progression. A careful review of the available literature revealed that both the expression and role of several of the 23 human MMP proteins is controversely discussed and for some there are no data available at all. We therefore screened a panel of 15 LGA and 15 GBM biopsy samples for those MMPs for which there is either no, very limited or even contradictory dataavailable. Hence, this is the first complete compilation of the expression pattern of all 23 human MMPs in astrocytic tumors. This study will support a better understanding of the specific expression patterns and interaction of proteolytic enzymes in malignant human glioma and may provide additional starting points for targeted patient therapy.

The relationship between the expression of tumor matrix-metalloproteinase and the characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging of human gliomas

Objective： To investigate the relationship between the expression level of matrix-metalloproteinases （MMPs） with the pathological grades and MRI characteristics of human gliomas. Methods： Prior pre- and post-contrast enhancement MRI was performed on 31 patients with gliomas, which were confirmed by post-operational pathology. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by immunohistochemical staining in both a low grading group （grades I and II, n = 20） and high grading group （grades III and IV, n = 11）. Results： Compared to the low grading group, the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, as well as the tumor edema index （EI）, enhanced percentage （EP） and maximum diameters were significantly greater in the high grading group. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression were correlated with the tumor EI, EP and the maximum diameters. There were no differences in MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression between the unclear border definition group and the clear border definition group, whereas the MMPs expression levels were greater in the heterogeneous signal group than in the homogeneous signal group. Conclusion： The expression level of MMPs is correlated with the invasion ability of human gliomas. The MRI parameters, such as tumor El, EP, maximum diameter, and signal heterogeneity technically reflect the expression level of MMPs, and can be used to estimate the tumor＇s malignant behavior, thus providing the guidance for clinical therapies.

Promoter hypomethylation regulates CD133 expression in human gliomas

大脑开始肿瘤的房间(BTIC ) 对房间表面蛋白质 CD133 用抗体被充实；然而，生物关联和在人的 gliomas 的 CD133 表示的规章的机制还没被理解。在这研究，我们开始证明 CD133 是在 CD133 积极的房间焦点地作为在哪儿被观察的高级人的 glioblastomas 的 overexpressed 一微簇。另外，有 exon 1A， 1B，或 1C 的 CD133 抄本主要在 glioblastomas 被表示。阐明调整 CD133 的这异常表情的机制，包含一个 CpG 岛的三个近似倡导者(P1， P2，和 P3 ) 被孤立。在 U251MG 和 T98G glioblastoma 房间， P1 区域 flanking exon 1A 在三个倡导者之中展出了最高的活动，并且这项活动显著地被使失去活性由在 vitro methylation。在有 demethylating 代理人 5-azacytidine 或 histone deacetylase 禁止者 valproic 酸的处理以后， CD133 mRNA 的表示水平显著地在 glioma 房间被恢复。重要地，在 P1， P2，和 P3 区域以内的 CpG 地点的 hypomethylation 被与丰富的 CD133 mRNA 在人的 glioblastoma 纸巾定序的重亚硫酸盐观察。一起拿，我们的结果显示 DNA hypomethylation 是在 glioblastomas 的 CD133 表示的一个重要决定因素，并且这个 epigenetic 事件可以与表示 CD133 的 BTIC 的发展被联系。

Experimental study on mRNA and protein expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator in human brain gliomas

Objective: To investigate the relationship between urokinase type plasminogen activator(uPA) activityand the malignant biological behavior of human brain tumors. Methods: The amounts of uPA were measured byNorthern blot hybridization and immunohistochemical methods in 43 cases of brain gliomas and 5 cases of normalbrain tissues,and their relation with the clinical indexes was comprehensively analyzed. Results: All tissues expressed 2. 5 kb transcripts of uPA mRNA. The uPA mRNA levels were significantly higher in high-grade gliomasthan in low-grade gliomas and normal brain tissues (P<0.01),but no remarkable difference was observed betweenlow-grade gliomas and normal brain tissues (P>0.05). Levels of uPA mRNA expression were significantly higherin tumor tissues with recurrences in 18 months postoperatively and a survival period of less than 3 years than intheir counterparts withollt postoperative recurrence in 18 months and with a survival period of more than 3 years(P<0. 01 ). The uPA mRNA was also expressed in tumor cells near necrotic areas. The uPA mRNA expressionwas considerably correlated with the microvessel quantity (MVQ) in gliomas (r= 0. 56, P<0.01),but had no significant correlation with the sex or age of patients and their tumor sizes. The uPA protein was mainly distributed intumor cells and endothelial cells of glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas,whereas it was almost undetectablein low-grade gliomas. Conclusion: The expression of uPA gene is probably associated with the gliomas malignity,playing an irnportant role in predicting the recurrences and invasive behaviors of higher grade gliomas.

Updates on management of gliomas in the molecular age

Gliomas are primary brain tumors derived from glial cells of the central nervous system,afflicting both adults and children with distinct characteristics and therapeutic challenges.Recent developments have ushered in novel clinical and molecular prognostic factors,reshaping treatment paradigms based on classi-fication and grading,determined by histological attributes and cellular lineage.This review article delves into the diverse treatment modalities tailored to the specific grades and molecular classifications of gliomas that are currently being discussed and used clinically in the year 2023.For adults,the therapeutic triad typically consists of surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy.In contrast,pediatric gliomas,due to their diversity,require a more tailored approach.Although complete tumor excision can be curative based on the location and grade of the glioma,certain non-resectable cases demand a chemotherapy approach usually involving,vincristine and carboplatin.Addi-tionally,if surgery or chemotherapy strategies are unsuccessful,Vinblastine can be used.Despite recent advancements in treatment methodologies,there remains a need of exploration in the literature,particularly concerning the efficacy of treatment regimens for isocitrate dehydrogenase type mutant astrocytomas and fine-tuned therapeutic approaches tailored for pediatric cohorts.This review article explores into the therapeutic modalities employed for both adult and pediatric gliomas in the context of their molecular classification.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTHFACTOR EXPRESSION AND ANGIOGENESIS AND CELLPROLIFERATION OF MALIGNANTGLIOMAS IN CHILDREN

Objective: To investigate the relation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression with angiogenesis and cell proliferation in malignant glioma in children. Methods: Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of VEGF, microvessel quantity (MVQ) and PCNA Labeling Index (PCNA LI) in 33 malignant gliomas in children Results: Positive staining for VEGF was obtained in 23 out of the 33 cases (69.7). The MVQ and PCNA LI in VEFG-positive tumors were significantly higher than those in VEGF-negative tumors (P<0.005). The expression of VEGF in tumor tissues was significantly correlative with MVQ and PCNA LI (r=0.52 and 0.37, respectively, P<0.001). Conclusion: VEGF can be synthesized in tumor cells of malignant glioma in children which might play a significant role in angiogenesis and cell proliferation in the tumor.

Relation of Cystatin C and Cathepsin B Expression to the Pathological Grade and Invasion of Human Gliomas

OBJECTIVE To explore the relation of cystatin C and cathepsin B expression to the pathological grade and invasion of human gliomas. METHODS A immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of cystatin C and cathepsin B in 57 glioma samples. RESULTS The expression of cystatin C in high-grade (Grade III^IV )gliomas was significantly weaker than that in low-grade(Grade I^II, P=0.0001). On the other hand, the expression of cathepsin B in high-grade gliomas was significantly stronger than that in low-grade (P=0.0001). Cystatin C expression correlated inversely with cathepsin B expression in gliomas (P=0.01). CONCLUSION Cystatin C and cathepsin B expression is related to the pathological grade and invasion of gliomas. Combining detection of cystatin C and cathepsin B expressions might provide significant information for clinical assessment of maglignant phenotypes and invasion of gliomas.

Relationship between FGF12 expression in high-grade gliomas and clinical features

Objective:gliomas are the most common intracranial tumors.Fibroblast growth factor-12(FGF12),which belongs to the fibroblast growth factor(FGFs)family,plays an important role in cell mitosis,as well as in other life functions,such as embryo development,tissue repair,cell proliferation,and tumor growth and invasion.The purpose of this study was to explore the potential value of FGF12 in high-grade gliomas and to predict its drug sensitivity.To provide a possible therapeutic target for glioma.Methods:high-grade glioma gene expression data and clinical information were downloaded from the gene expression omnibus(GEO)database,using the R language“impute”and“survival”survival analysis package.The FGF12 genes closely related to survival were screened,a survival curve was drawn,and clinical correlation analysis was conducted.The differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were defined as |logFC|>1,adj.PVal<0.05 as the standard.We used the David for Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis,and constructed the protein-protein interactions(PPI)network.Then we used the Connectivity Map(CMAP)database for drug location,and the validation group was verified by the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas(CGGA)database in the same way.Results:we found that high FGF12 expression was associated with a higher survival rate.The same validation was performed in the validation group through the CGGA database,and the survival curve showed the same trend.The expression level of FGF12 is an independent factor that affects the life time and status of the samples,and it is a low risk factor.GO enrichment analysis showed that differential genes were enriched in matrix transmembrane transporter activity,ion channels and calcium ion active channels.KEGG showed that DEGs were enriched in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B(Akt)signaling pathway,dopaminergic synapse and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)signaling pathway.Four seed genes,GRIA2,COLLA2,GRIA4 and HES6,were obtained by PPI network analysis.The cAMP was used to analyze and obtained 7 small molecule drugs,such as merbromin,naloxone,AH-2384&ticarcillin,vincamine,amoxicillin,azacyclonol,which may be helpful in the prognosis of high-grade gliomas.Conclusion:FGF12 and its pathway may serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target for high-grade gliomas.

Decoding Retinoblastoma: Differential Gene Expression

Background: Retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular pediatric cancer, presents complexities in its genetic landscape that necessitate a deeper understanding for improved therapeutic interventions. This study leverages computational tools to dissect the differential gene expression profiles in retinoblastoma. Methods: Employing an in silico approach, we analyzed gene expression data from public repositories by applying rigorous statistical models, including limma and de seq 2, for identifying differentially expressed genes DEGs. Our findings were validated through cross-referencing with independent datasets and existing literature. We further employed functional annotation and pathway analysis to elucidate the biological significance of these DEGs. Results: Our computational analysis confirmed the dysregulation of key retinoblastoma-associated genes. In comparison to normal retinal tissue, RB1 exhibited a 2.5-fold increase in expression (adjusted p Conclusions: Our analysis reinforces the critical genetic alterations known in retinoblastoma and unveils new avenues for research into the disease’s molecular basis. The discovery of chemoresistance markers and immune-related genes opens potential pathways for personalized treatment strategies. The study’s outcomes emphasize the power of in silico analyses in unraveling complex cancer genomics.

Effects of pyraclostrobin on growth,oxidative stress,and gene expression in relation to stress and ATP-binding cassette transporters in Tetrahymena thermophila

Pyraclostrobin(PYR),a widely used fungicide,has negative effects on fish and algae,but its toxicity in protozoa remains unclear.In this study,the effects of PYR on the growth,oxidative stress,and gene expression related to stress and ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters in Tetrahymena thermophila were investigated.The result showed that the 96-h IC_(50)of PYR against T.thermophila was 17.2 mg/L.Moreover,PYR inhibited the growth of T.thermophila in concentration-or time-dependent manner.A morphological study revealed that the shape and size of T.thermophila changed,and damage of cell membrane surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy after 96 h of PYR exposure.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)increased throughout the experiment.In contrast,the glutathione(GSH)content was increased at 24 h and 48 h of exposure and decreased at 96 h.Moreover,a significant increase in malondialdehyde(MDA)level was observed in T.thermophila after96 h of exposure.Furthermore,PYR upregulated the HSP703,HSP705,GPx2,and ABAC15 gene expression in the 0.1–5-mg/L groups and downregulated the HSP704,HSP90,TGR,and ABCC52 mRNA levels at 96 h of exposure.These results suggest that PYR may exert adverse effects on T.thermophila by inducing oxidative stress and changing the gene expression related to ABC transporters and stress,which may enrich the understanding of the toxicity mechanism of PYR in aquatic organisms and provide reference data for aquatic ecological risk assessments.

Effects of antioxidant‑rich Lactiplantibacillus plantarum inoculated alfalfa silage on rumen fermentation, antioxidant and immunity status, and mammary gland gene expression in dairy goats

Background Milk synthesis in lactating animals demands high energy metabolism,which results in an increased production of reactive oxygen metabolites(ROM)causing an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants thereby inducing oxidative stress(OS)on the animals.To mitigate OS and postpartum disorders in dairy goats and gain insight into the impact of dietary choices on redox status during lactation,a feeding trial was conducted using alfalfa silage inoculated with a high-antioxidant strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.Methods Twenty-four Guanzhong dairy goats(38.1±1.20 kg)were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments:one containing silage inoculated with L.plantarum MTD/1(RSMTD-1),and the other containing silage inoculated with high antioxidant activity L.plantarum 24-7(ES24-7).Results ES24-7-inoculated silage exhibited better fermentation quality and antioxidant activity compared to RSMTD-1.The ES24-7 diet elevated the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxi-dase(GSH-Px),and catalase(CAT)activities in milk,serum,and feces of lactating goats(with the exception of T-AOC in milk).Additionally,the diet containing ES24-7 inoculated silage enhanced casein yield,milk free fatty acid(FFA)content,and vitamin A level in the goats’milk.Furthermore,an increase of immunoglobulin(Ig)A,IgG,IgM,inter-leukin(IL)-4,and IL-10 concentrations were observed,coupled with a reduction in IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6,interferon(IFN)-γ,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αconcentrations in the serum of lactating goats fed ES24-7.Higher concentrations of total volatile fatty acid(VFA),acetate,and propionate were observed in the rumen fluid of dairy goats fed ES24-7 inoculated silage.Moreover,the diet containing ES24-7 inoculated silage significantly upregulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2(NFE2L2),beta-carotene oxygenase 1(BCO1),SOD1,SOD2,SOD3,GPX2,CAT,glu-tathione-disulfide reductase(GSR),and heme oxygenase 1(HMOX1)genes in the mammary gland,while decreased the levels of NADPH oxidase 4(NOX4),TNF,and interferon gamma(IFNG).Conclusions These findings indicated that feeding L.plantarum 24-7 inoculated alfalfa silage not only improved rumen fermentation and milk quality in lactating dairy goats but also boosted their immunity and antioxidant status by modulating the expression of several genes related to antioxidant and inflammation in the mammary gland.

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of photosystem II(PsbX)gene family in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Background Photosystem II(PSII)constitutes an intricate assembly of protein pigments,featuring extrinsic and intrinsic polypeptides within the photosynthetic membrane.The low-molecular-weight transmembrane protein PsbX has been identified in PSII,which is associated with the oxygen-evolving complex.The expression of PsbX gene protein is regulated by light.PsbX’s central role involves the regulation of PSII,facilitating the binding of quinone molecules to the Qb(PsbA)site,and it additionally plays a crucial role in optimizing the efficiency of photosynthesis.Despite these insights,a comprehensive understanding of the PsbX gene’s functions has remained elusive.Results In this study,we identified ten PsbX genes in Gossypium hirsutum L.The phylogenetic analysis results showed that 40 genes from nine species were classified into one clade.The resulting sequence logos exhibited substantial conservation across the N and C terminals at multiple sites among all Gossypium species.Furthermore,the ortholo-gous/paralogous,Ka/Ks ratio revealed that cotton PsbX genes subjected to positive as well as purifying selection pressure might lead to limited divergence,which resulted in the whole genome and segmental duplication.The expression patterns of GhPsbX genes exhibited variations across specific tissues,as indicated by the analysis.Moreover,the expression of GhPsbX genes could potentially be regulated in response to salt,intense light,and drought stresses.Therefore,GhPsbX genes may play a significant role in the modulation of photosynthesis under adverse abiotic conditions.Conclusion We examined the structure and function of PsbX gene family very first by using comparative genom-ics and systems biology approaches in cotton.It seems that PsbX gene family plays a vital role during the growth and development of cotton under stress conditions.Collectively,the results of this study provide basic information to unveil the molecular and physiological function of PsbX genes of cotton plants.

E2E-MFERC:AMulti-Face Expression Recognition Model for Group Emotion Assessment

In smart classrooms, conducting multi-face expression recognition based on existing hardware devices to assessstudents’ group emotions can provide educators with more comprehensive and intuitive classroom effect analysis,thereby continuouslypromotingthe improvementof teaching quality.However,most existingmulti-face expressionrecognition methods adopt a multi-stage approach, with an overall complex process, poor real-time performance,and insufficient generalization ability. In addition, the existing facial expression datasets are mostly single faceimages, which are of low quality and lack specificity, also restricting the development of this research. This paperaims to propose an end-to-end high-performance multi-face expression recognition algorithm model suitable forsmart classrooms, construct a high-quality multi-face expression dataset to support algorithm research, and applythe model to group emotion assessment to expand its application value. To this end, we propose an end-to-endmulti-face expression recognition algorithm model for smart classrooms (E2E-MFERC). In order to provide highqualityand highly targeted data support for model research, we constructed a multi-face expression dataset inreal classrooms (MFED), containing 2,385 images and a total of 18,712 expression labels, collected from smartclassrooms. In constructing E2E-MFERC, by introducing Re-parameterization visual geometry group (RepVGG)block and symmetric positive definite convolution (SPD-Conv) modules to enhance representational capability;combined with the cross stage partial network fusion module optimized by attention mechanism (C2f_Attention),it strengthens the ability to extract key information;adopts asymptotic feature pyramid network (AFPN) featurefusion tailored to classroomscenes and optimizes the head prediction output size;achieves high-performance endto-end multi-face expression detection. Finally, we apply the model to smart classroom group emotion assessmentand provide design references for classroom effect analysis evaluation metrics. Experiments based on MFED showthat the mAP and F1-score of E2E-MFERC on classroom evaluation data reach 83.6% and 0.77, respectively,improving the mAP of same-scale You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5) and You Only Look Once version8 (YOLOv8) by 6.8% and 2.5%, respectively, and the F1-score by 0.06 and 0.04, respectively. E2E-MFERC modelhas obvious advantages in both detection speed and accuracy, which can meet the practical needs of real-timemulti-face expression analysis in classrooms, and serve the application of teaching effect assessment very well.

A Novel Deep Learning-Based Model for Classification of Wheat Gene Expression

Deep learning(DL)plays a critical role in processing and converting data into knowledge and decisions.DL technologies have been applied in a variety of applications,including image,video,and genome sequence analysis.In deep learning the most widely utilized architecture is Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)are taught discriminatory traits in a supervised environment.In comparison to other classic neural networks,CNN makes use of a limited number of artificial neurons,therefore it is ideal for the recognition and processing of wheat gene sequences.Wheat is an essential crop of cereals for people around the world.Wheat Genotypes identification has an impact on the possible development of many countries in the agricultural sector.In quantitative genetics prediction of genetic values is a central issue.Wheat is an allohexaploid(AABBDD)with three distinct genomes.The sizes of the wheat genome are quite large compared to many other kinds and the availability of a diversity of genetic knowledge and normal structure at breeding lines of wheat,Therefore,genome sequence approaches based on techniques of Artificial Intelligence(AI)are necessary.This paper focuses on using the Wheat genome sequence will assist wheat producers in making better use of their genetic resources and managing genetic variation in their breeding program,as well as propose a novel model based on deep learning for offering a fundamental overview of genomic prediction theory and current constraints.In this paper,the hyperparameters of the network are optimized in the CNN to decrease the requirement for manual search and enhance network performance using a new proposed model built on an optimization algorithm and Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN).

The Influence of Aerial Exposure on Sea Anemones Aulactinia veratra Mucin Genes Expression Using the RNA Sequencing

Mucin genes are the main component of mucus. The sea anemone species, Aulactinia veratra (Phylum Cnidaria) contains different types of mucin genes. In the intertidal zone, A. veratra is found to be exposed to air during the low tide and produces large quantities of mucus as an external covering. The relation between low tide and mucus secretion is still unclear, and what is the role of mucin during arial exposure is not yet investigated. This study hypothesised that the mucin genes in A. veratra would have significantly high expression in response to aerial exposure. Therefore, the aim of current study was to examine and analyses the response of A. veratra mucins in response to an experiment involving three hours of aerial exposure. To achieve this, aim the RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were used to examine the expression profile of A. veratra mucin genes in response to aerial exposure. The generated results have shown that, Mucin4-like and mucin5B-like were up-regulated in response to the three hours of aerial exposure in A. veratra. This finding shows a significant role of mucin5B-like and mucin4-like genes in response to air stress at low tide. The data generated from this study could be used in conjunction with future mucin gene studies of sea anemones and other cnidarians to compare A. veratra mucin gene expression results across time, and to extend our understanding of mucin stress response in this phylum.

Establishment of a prognosis predictive model for liver cancer based on expression of genes involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway

BACKGROUND The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway(UPP)has been proven to play important roles in cancer.AIM To investigate the prognostic significance of genes involved in the UPP and develop a predictive model for liver cancer based on the expression of these genes.METHODS In this study,UPP-related E1,E2,E3,deubiquitylating enzyme,and proteasome gene sets were obtained from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)database,aiming to screen the prognostic genes using univariate and multivariate regression analysis and develop a prognosis predictive model based RESULTS Five genes(including autophagy related 10,proteasome 20S subunit alpha 8,proteasome 20S subunit beta 2,ubiquitin specific peptidase 17 like family member 2,and ubiquitin specific peptidase 8)were proven significantly correlated with prognosis and used to develop a prognosis predictive model for liver cancer.Among training,validation,and Gene Expression Omnibus sets,the overall survival differed significantly between the high-risk and low-risk groups.The expression of the five genes was significantly associated with immunocyte infiltration,tumor stage,and postoperative recurrence.A total of 111 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified between the high-risk and low-risk groups and they were enriched in 20 and 5 gene ontology and KEGG pathways.Cell division cycle 20,Kelch repeat and BTB domain containing 11,and DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 4 like 2 were the DEGs in the E3 gene set that correlated with survival.CONCLUSION We have constructed a prognosis predictive model in patients with liver cancer,which contains five genes that associate with immunocyte infiltration,tumor stage,and postoperative recurrence.

In Vivo Improvements in Facial Appearance and in Vitro Changes in Gene Expression Using a Topical Formulation Designed to Repair Environmentally Induced DNA Damage

Background: While sunscreen has been accepted as a mainline defence against photodamage from ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared radiation, there appears to be a lack of research into photorepair. The concept of protecting the skin during the day and repairing cellular damage at night is intuitive, yet specific strategies revolving around combinations of proven reparative active ingredients remain unelucidated. Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of a solar repair Formulation following ultraviolet and environmental exposure in order to improve overall skin health and appearance through three hypotheses: The Formulation increases expression of DNA repair mechanisms markers;The Formulation enhances overall skin appearance through reducing signs of inflammation, elevating hydration, reinforcing skin firmness and amplifying radiance;In-Vivo efficacy test results are aligned with measured gene expression changes. Methods: The Formulation (#6NIC1.V1.1-1) was tested for: In-vitro LDH cytotoxicity activity, In-vitro qPCR gene expression with and without ultraviolet exposure on a reconstructed 3-dimensional skin model, and In-Vivo efficacy study on a panel of 22 participants objectively and subjectively. Results: Skin radiance, firmness, hydration, redness, and inflammation are significantly improved after In-Vivo skin exposure to the Formulation and environmental challenges such as ultraviolet radiation. These outcomes were confirmed by in-vitro genetic testing on a reconstructed human skin model. Conclusion: The studies allowed us to identify and group results in four main skin functions that were significantly enhanced following the application of the Formulation: firmness, hydration, radiance and soothing.