Probabilistic Global Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Continuously Varying Partial Shading Conditions on Autonomous PV Systems

A photovoltaic (PV) string with multiple modules with bypass diodes frequently deployed on a variety of autonomous PV systems may present multiple power peaks under uneven shading. For optimal solar harvesting, there is a need for a control schema to force the PV string to operate at global maximum power point (GMPP). While a lot of tracking methods have been proposed in the literature, they are usually complex and do not fully take advantage of the available characteristics of the PV array. This work highlights how the voltage at operating point and the forward voltage of the bypass diode are considered to design a global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT) algorithm with a very limited global search phase called Fast GMPPT. This algorithm successfully tracks GMPP between 94% and 98% of the time under a theoretical evaluation. It is then compared against Perturb and Observe, Deterministic Particle Swarm Optimization, and Grey Wolf Optimization under a sequence of irradiance steps as well as a power-over-voltage characteristics profile that mimics the electrical characteristics of a PV string under varying partial shading conditions. Overall, the simulation with the sequence of irradiance steps shows that while Fast GMPPT does not have the best convergence time, it has an excellent convergence rate as well as causes the least amount of power loss during the global search phase. Experimental test under varying partial shading conditions shows that while the GMPPT proposal is simple and lightweight, it is very performant under a wide range of dynamically varying partial shading conditions and boasts the best energy efficiency (94.74%) out of the 4 tested algorithms.

Improved sliding-mode control for tracking global maximum power of triple-series-parallel ladder photovoltaic arrays under uneven shadowing

This paper presents an innovative way to enhance the performance of photovoltaic(PV)arrays under uneven shadowing conditions.The study focuses on a triple-series–parallel ladder configuration to exploit the benefits of increased power generation while ad-dressing the challenges associated with uneven shadowing.The proposed methodology focuses on the implementation of improved sliding-mode control technique for efficient global maximum power point tracking.Sliding-mode control is known for its robustness in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances,making it suitable for dynamic and complex systems such as PV arrays.This work employs a comprehensive simulation framework to comment on the performance of the suggested improved sliding-mode control strategy in uneven shadowing scenarios.Comparative analysis has been done to show the better effectiveness of the suggested method than the traditional control strategies.The results demonstrate a remarkable enhancement in the tracking accuracy of the global maximum power point,leading to enhanced energy-harvesting capabilities under challenging environmental conditions.Furthermore,the proposed approach exhibits robustness and adaptability in mitigating the effect of shading on the PV array,thereby increasing overall system efficiency.This research contributes valuable insights into the development of advanced control strategies for PV arrays,particularly in the context of triple-series–parallel ladder configurations operating under uneven shadowing conditions.Under short narrow shading conditions,the improved sliding-mode control method tracks the maximum power better compared with perturb&observe at 20.68%,incremental-conductance at 68.78%,fuzzy incremental-conductance at 19.8%,and constant-velocity sliding-mode control at 1.25%.The improved sliding-mode control method has 60%less chattering than constant-velocity sliding-mode control under shading conditions.

Spotted Hyena-Bat Optimized Extreme Learning Machine for Solar Power Extraction

Artificial intelligence,machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been widely used for Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT)in solar systems.In the traditional MPPT strategies,following of worldwide Global Maximum Power Point(GMPP)under incomplete concealing conditions stay overwhelming assignment and tracks different nearby greatest power focuses under halfway concealing conditions.The advent of artificial intelligence in MPPT has guaranteed of accurate following of GMPP while expanding the significant performance and efficiency of MPPT under Partial Shading Conditions(PSC).Still the selection of an efficient learning based MPPT is complex because each model has its advantages and drawbacks.Recently,Meta-heuristic algorithm based Learning techniques have provided better tracking efficiency but still exhibit dull performances under PSC.This work represents an excellent optimization based on Spotted Hyena Enabled Reliable BAT(SHERB)learning models,SHERB-MPPT integrated with powerful extreme learning machines to identify the GMPP with fast convergence,low steady-state oscillations,and good tracking efficiency.Extensive testing using MATLAB-SIMULINK,with 50000 data combinations gathered under partial shade and normal settings.As a result of simulations,the proposed approach offers 99.7%tracking efficiency with a slower convergence speed.To demonstrate the predominance of the proposed system,we have compared the performance of the system with other hybrid MPPT learning models.Results proved that the proposed cross breed MPPT model had beaten different techniques in recognizing GMPP viably under fractional concealing conditions.

基于改进PSO算法的光伏阵列MPPT研究

为解决传统粒子群优化(PSO)算法在寻优过程中出现粒子早熟、收敛速度慢、易陷入局部优化等问题,提出一种基于反向学习的Logistic-Tent双重混沌映射和时变双重压缩因子(TVCF)策略的改进粒子群优化(LT-TVCFPSO)算法,在传统PSO算法基础上,引入了Logistic-Tent混沌映射和TVCF,既可增强种群多样性,避免粒子早熟,跳出局部优化,又能加快粒子收敛,提升全局寻优能力。最后在MATLAB/Simu-link上进行仿真。仿真结果表明:相比于传统MPPT算法,LT-TVCFPSO算法能够快速准确地追踪到全局最大功率点(GMPP)。

局部阴影下基于GWO-P&O混合算法的光伏最大功率点跟踪

针对局部遮阴环境下传统灰狼优化(Gray wolf optimization,GWO)算法在跟踪最大功率点时P-U特性曲线出现多峰值、后期收敛速度慢、稳态精度低等问题,结合灰狼优化算法和扰动观察法(Perturbation and observation,P&O)各自的优势,提出了基于GWO-P&O的混合优化最大功率点跟踪(Maximum power point tracking,MPPT)算法。首先,采用灰狼优化算法逐渐向光伏的全局最大功率点靠近。其次,在灰狼优化算法收敛后期引入P&O法,既保持了灰狼优化算法较高的稳态精度,又能以较快速度寻找到局部最大功率点。最后,在不同环境工况下,将所提出的GWO-P&O方法与传统GWO算法进行对比。结果表明,改进的GWO-P&O算法在保证良好稳态性能的同时,一定程度上提高了GWO算法后期跟踪最大功率时的收敛速度。

基于免疫细菌觅食算法的大容量光伏阵列GMPPT算法

老化、温度变化和局部阴影等引起的电池电气特性不同,使光伏阵列P-U曲线出现多个功率峰值点。大容量光伏阵列组件数多,其多峰值问题比小容量光伏阵列更常见和复杂。该文首先根据局部阴影条件下光伏阵列分段函数型输出特性,建立其S函数模型。然后提出免疫细菌觅食算法,实现大容量光伏阵列全局最大功率点跟踪(global maximum power point tracking,GMPPT),利用细菌觅食算法的随机选取方向特性和免疫选择算子,实现时变环境下全局最大功率点的动态跟踪,将所有跟踪到的全局最大功率点保存到全局最大功率点记忆池,再利用全局最大功率点记忆池初始化群体和产生迁移个体新位置,加快重复出现全局最大功率点的跟踪速度。仿真结果表明,免疫细菌觅食算法在动态和重复出现局部阴影条件下都有良好的GMPPT跟踪定位能力。

不均匀光照条件下太阳能电池串联电路特性分析及GMPPT控制

通过对太阳能电池串联电路的动态特性分析,建立了不均匀光照条件下多峰值出现的充要条件.基于串联电路的工作原理,建立了局部峰值点功率之间的数学关系,确定了最大功率点区间位置的动态判断系数.该方法可快速定位全局最大功率点所在区间,确定该区间的上下边界,将电导增量法的运行初值保持在该区间,能够使其快速准确跟踪到全局最大功率点.该方法利用较少计算和小区间搜索代替全局搜索,具有良好的快速性和准确性.同时该方法改善了区间搜索重启条件使其拥有较强的鲁棒性.

基于跃变探索式电导增量法的光伏阵列全局最大功率点跟踪控制研究

实现光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪(Maximum power point tracking, MPPT)的传统算法已经较为成熟,但是在局部阴影出现后会发生寻优失效,难以实现全局最大功率跟踪(Global maximum power tracking, GMPPT)。为解决该问题,研究人员提出将粒子群(Particle swarm optimization, PSO)等群搜索算法应用在MPPT控制过程中,虽然能够控制工作点稳定在全局最大功率点处,但由于该算法收敛能力依赖于核心参数,在应用过程中有一定概率会导致系统振荡。针对以上问题,在电导增量法(Incremental conductance, INC)的基础上提出跃变探索式电导增量法(Jump explore incremental conductance, JEINC),相较于传统电导增量法而言,具有较强的探索能力,能够在局部阴影下实现全局最大功率点跟踪控制,同时所提算法具有较好的收敛能力,在工作点位于最大功率点附近能够快速稳定。在三种光照环境下进行Matlab仿真,从稳定时间、暂态过程能量损耗率和振荡幅值三个方面验证了所提算法相较于电导增量法和粒子群算法的优越性。

基于高效电能管理系统的客车光伏技术研究

基于优化的全局最大功率点跟踪算法,通过采用电压环、电流环分频控制,高效准确跟踪移动阴影遮挡情况下的全局最大功率点;设计光伏与动力电池组供能多模式方式,搭配高效电能管理系统,从工作模式切换能量管理方面实现能源高效协调运行,为客车提供离网增程动力。

基于光伏阵列输出特性的GMPPT算法研究

针对局部阴影条件下光伏阵列的P-V曲线呈现多峰值的情况,在研究光伏阵列输出特性的基础上提出了一种全局最大功率点追踪GMPPT(global maximum power point tracking)算法。该算法由均匀光照和局部阴影条件下的两个最大功率点追踪算法构成。通过所提出的局部阴影检测手段判别光伏阵列所处的光照条件,从而决定使用哪个子算法。最后将该算法在Matlab中进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明在局部阴影条件下该算法能快速地追踪到全局最大功率点,且避免了对整条P-V曲线的扫描。在均匀光照条件下要比传统的最大功率点追踪算法(扰动观察法)更快地定位到最大功率点。

基于灰狼&电导增量的局部遮阴下光伏最大功率跟踪

为解决光伏电池被局部遮挡时发电效率降低的问题,需要选用合适的最大功率跟踪技术。结合灰狼算法和电导增量法的特性,提出一种灰狼算法和电导增量法相结合的方法。先利用灰狼算法进行全局搜索,再使用电导增量法进行局部搜索。仿真结果表明:在静态遮挡情况下,与灰狼算法相比,所提的方法搜索最大功率点的时间更少;在动态遮挡条件下,重新搜寻到最大功率点的响应时间达到0.2 s。所提算法可以适应动态变化的天气,快速实现最大功率跟踪技术,改善了传统算法收敛速度慢和易陷入局部最优等问题。

独立光伏阵列全局最大功率点跟踪控制技术

受多种因素影响,传统独立光伏阵列跟踪方法跟踪效率低、速度慢,为此提出一种独立光伏阵列全局最大功率点跟踪控制技术。通过建立独立光伏阵列工程仿真模型,模拟在实际工程中的光伏阵列发电特性;分析独立光伏阵列输出特性,得到I-U特性曲线和P-U特性曲线;利用梯度法跟踪全局最大功率点,观察P-U特性曲线存在的扰动,求得P-U特性曲线上的最大值。经实验论证分析,在无阴影条件下,该方法的振荡范围更小,跟踪速度更快;在静态阴影条件下,跟踪精度更高,具有良好的控制能力;在动态阴影条件下,能够在阴影突变后再次准确找到全局最大功率点。

融合最大功率点追踪的光伏发电功率全局控制研究

不确定自然环境因素的影响下,光伏发电输出功率的非线性特征增加了其控制难度,导致新能源发电的利用率偏低。为解决该问题,基于最大功率点追踪技术,提出光伏发电功率全局控制新方法。结合辐照强度、光照温度等外界条件,建立光伏发电模型。利用均匀光照下的最大功率点追踪方法,构建比例因子对追踪动态响应速度的影响模型。在光照不均匀条件下,将单峰值非线性特征曲线转变为多峰值非线性特征曲线,求解多峰值非线性特征的全局最大值问题,利用蚁群算法选取高信息素路径作为最优解,实现发电功率全局控制。采用simulink软件构建光伏发电仿真模型,分析不同辐照强度条件下的光伏发电功率控制效果。经实验验证,所提方法能够适应多辐照强度与变化辐照强度等条件,提升了新能源利用率与新能源发电的效益回报,具备投入实践应用的条件。

A Simple Primary Key Algorithm Based Shade Dispersion Method for Maximizing PV Power Generation under Partial Shading Conditions

The output power generation of a photovoltaic(PV)array reduces under partial shading,resulting in multiple local maxima in the PV characteristics and inaccurate tracking of the global maximum power point(GMPP).Various interconnection schemes are available to reduce power losses under partial shading.In this study,a primary key algorithm is proposed for distributing shading across an array.This method is suitable for any n×n PV array configuration and involves fewer calculations and variables,leading to reduced computational complexity.The power generations of a 9×9 PV array under four different shading conditions were compared with the configurations of:total cross-tied(TCT)and Su Du Ku,physical relocation and fixed column position of modules with fixed electrical connection(PRFCPM-FEC),and magic square(MS)and improved-odd-even-prime(IOEP).The advantage of the proposed method is that once the primary key elements are obtained,the remaining array elements are numbered in a simpler manner.The results obtained using the proposed arrangement show that the power is enhanced with reference to the TCT and is comparable to the Su Do Ku,PRFCPM-FEC,MS,and IOEP reconfigurations.

局部阴影条件下光伏阵列MPPT算法研究

详细分析光伏阵列在均匀光照和局部阴影条件下的分段输出特性,并在此基础上提出一种基于分段模型的全局最大功率点跟踪算法,在局部阴影条件下快速定位全局最大功率点(GMPP)所在分段,再结合优化的增量电导法将工作点收敛于GMPP。通过仿真模型,模拟从均匀光照到局部阴影条件再到均匀光照变化过程中新算法的跟踪效果,结果表明,新算法无论在均匀光照还是在局部阴影条件下,均能准确跟踪到GMPP,且工作点在GMPP附近偏差极小。

不均匀光照光伏单元串联电路快速MPPT方法

在不均匀光照条件下,并联旁路二极管使得光伏单元串联电路的功率–电流输出特性曲线可能呈现多峰值的特点。通过分析串联电路工作原理,发现峰值点数跟各互相串联的光伏单元被遮挡的程度有关,由所有串联单元的短路电流与峰值点电流决定。在峰值点数和各峰值点电流已知的基础上,通过判断各峰值点功率的大小,即可近似找到电路的全局最大功率点所在区域,然后在所在区域运用常用方法如电导增量法将能够准确跟踪到全局最大功率点。该方法利用较少计算和小区域搜索代替全局搜索,具有速度快、准确度高的特点。通过实验验证方法的正确性,利用该方法,可快速跟踪到准确的全局最大功率点,且串联单元越多,该方法的快速跟踪优势越明显。

基于差分进化算法的阴影影响下光伏阵列MPPT控制研究

当光伏模块受到阴影影响时,其功率-电压(P-V)特性曲线有多个峰值点,传统最大功率跟踪控制(MPPT)算法,如扰动观察法(P&0),由于采用局部搜索范围,无法准确跟踪全局最大功率点(GMPP)。提出一种基于差分进化(DE)最优算法的全局最大功率点跟踪方法,同时修正了算法的变异方向,使得所有变异算子总能收敛到最优,有助于算法快速收敛。采用Matlab/Simulink对所述算法进行了仿真分析,并与传统扰动观察法进行了对比,本文所述MPPT方法具有更高的效率和功率输出。

粒子群优化算法在光伏阵列多峰最大功率点跟踪中的应用

局部阴影情况下,光伏阵列功率-电压(P-U)特性曲线呈现多个极值点,传统的最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)方法会失效。研究了粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)在光伏阵列(photovoltaic array)多峰MPPT中的应用,该方法根据多峰P-U曲线的特性,提出将粒子初始位置分散定位在可能的峰值点电压处这一新思路,保证了粒子群算法不会陷入局部极值点且不会错过任何极值点。设置了粒子群算法的参数,同时提出有效的迭代终止策略,能够避免系统趋于稳定时的功率振荡。最后通过仿真验证了该算法在有、无阴影情况下均能够快速且准确地跟踪最大功率点,有效地提高了光伏阵列输出效率。

基于局部阴影下光伏阵列电流特性的最大功率点跟踪算法

光伏发电作为目前太阳能利用的主要形式,容易受到局部阴影的影响,其P-V输出特性曲线呈现多峰特点,使得常规的最大功率点跟踪方法难以准确跟踪到全局最大功率点。通过充分利用局部阴影下光伏阵列最大功率点电流与短路电流之间近似的比例关系,提出一种三步骤全局最大功率点跟踪算法,该算法能够快速准确地跟踪到系统全局最大功率点,且不需要任何附加硬件电路。以1k W的Boost变换器为实验平台,将所提出算法和常规全局搜索法的跟踪过程进行比较,证明了该算法的有效性。

局部阴影下光伏阵列自适应MPPT方法研究

光伏阵列受局部阴影、个别光伏组件故障等影响,输出P-U特性呈多峰现象,此时传统最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)往往无法跟踪到真正的全局最大功率点(MPP)。为了避免由此导致的光伏阵列输出功率大幅度损失,在深入研究阴影条件下光伏阵列多峰功率特性的基础上,提出一种自适应全局MPPT方法。当光伏阵列的输出P-U特性发生变化时,该方法能自适应调整跟踪策略寻找到全局MPP。20 k Wp光伏阵列仿真实验和统计分析结果表明,该方法在超过90%的阴影案例中,能准确快速平稳地跟踪到真正的全局MPP,且对开路电压和短路电流估测误差具有鲁棒性。实验测试结果表明:该MPPT方法能在局部阴影发生前后跟踪到光伏阵列的全局MPP。由于原理简单、所需传感器数量少、MPPT跟踪性能优异,自适应MPPT方法具有较好的应用前景。