Poly (Acrylamide-co-Acrylic Acid) Hydrogel Induced by Glow-Discharge Electrolysis Plasma and Its Adsorption Properties for Cationic Dyes

In this paper, poly （acrylamide-co-acrylic acid） （P（AM-co-AA）） hydrogel was pre- pared in an aqueous solution by using glow-discharge electrolysis plasma （GDEP） induced copoly- merization of acrylamide （AM） and acrylic acid （AA）, in which N,N＇-methylenebisacrylamide （MBA） was used as a crosslinker. A mechanism for the synthesis of P（AM-co-AA） hydrogel was proposed. To optimize the synthesis condition, the following parameters were examined in detail： the discharge voltage, discharge time, the content of the crosslinker, and the mass ratio of AM to AA. The results showed that the optimum pH range for cationic dyes removal was found to be 5.0-10.0. The P（AM-co-AA） hydrogel exhibits a very high adsorption potential and the ex- perimental adsorption capacities for Crystal violet （CV） and Methylene blue （MB） were 2974.3 mg/g and 2303.6 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of P（AM-co-AA） hydrogel for cationic dyes was also discussed.

Oxidative Degradation of 4-chlorophenol in Aqueous Induced by Plasma with Submersed Glow Discharge Electrolysis

The oxidative degradation of 4-chlorophenol （4-CP） in aqueous solution induced by plasma with submersed glow discharge has been investigated. The concentration of 4-CP and the reaction intermediates were determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Various influencing factors such as the initial pH, the concentration of 4-CP and the catalytic action of Fe^2＋ were examined. The results indicate that 4-CP is eventually degraded into inorganic ion, dioxide carbon and water. The attack of hydroxyl radicals on the benzene rings of 4-CP in the initial stage of oxidative reactions is presumed to be a key step. They also suggest that the reaction is of a pseudo-first order kinetic reaction and the proposed method is an efficient way for the 4-CP degradation,

Degradation of Anionic Dye Eosin by Glow Discharge Electrolysis Plasma

This paper describes a novel method for the degradation of eosin by using glow discharge electrolysis （GDE）. The effects of various parameters on the removal efficiency were studied. It was found that the eosin degradation could be raised considerably by increasing the applied voltage and the initial concentration, or by decreasing pH of the aqueous solution. Fe^2＋ ion had an evident accelerating effect on the eosin degradation. The degradation process of eosin obeyed a pseudo-first-order reaction. The relationship between the degradation rate constant k and the reaction temperature T could be expressed by Arrhenius equation with which the apparent activation energy Ea of 14.110 kJ· mol^-1 and the pre-exponential factor k0 of 2.065× 10^-1 min^-1 were obtained, too. The determination of hydroxyl radical was carried out by using N, N-dimethyl -p-nitrosoaniline （RNO） as a scavenger. The results showed that the hydroxyl radical plays an important role in the degradation process.

Experimental Study of Plasma Under-liquid Electrolysis in Hydrogen Generation

The application and characteristics of relatively big volume plasma produced with cathodic glow discharges taking place across a gaseous envelope over the cathode which was dipped into electrolyte in hydrogen generation were studied. A critical investigation of the influence of methanol concentration and voltage across the circuit on the composition and power consumption per cubic meter of cathode liberating gas was carried out. The course of plasma under-liquid electrolysis has the typical characteristics of glow discharge electrolysis. The cathode liberating gas was in substantial excess of the Faraday law value. When the voltage across the circuit was equal to 550 V,the volume of cathodic gas with sodium carbonate solution was equal to 16.97 times the Faraday law value. The study showed that methanol molecules are more active than water molecules. The methanol molecules were decomposed at the plasma-catholyte interface by the radicals coming out the plasma mantle. Energy consumption per cubic meter of cathodic gases (WV) decreased while methanol concentration of the electrolytes increased. When methanol concentration equaled 5% (-),WV was 10.381×103 kJ/m3,less than the corresponding theoretic value of conventional water electrolysis method. The cathodic liberating gas was a mixture of hydrogen,carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide with over 95% hydrogen,if methanol concentration was more than 15% (-). The present research work revealed an innovative application of glow discharge and a new highly efficient hydrogen generation method,which depleted less resource and energy than normal electrolysis and is environmentally friendly.

Increasing the·OH radical concentration synergistically with plasma electrolysis and ultrasound in aqueous DMSO solution

In recent years,significant increases in waste processing and material engineering have been seen by using advanced oxidation processes.The treatment results and energy yields of these processes are largely determined by the generation and retention of reactive oxygen species(ROS).However,increasing the amount of ROS remains a key challenge because of the unavailability of performance-and energy-efficient techniques.In this study,plasma electrolysis,ultrasound,and plasma electrolysis combined with ultrasound were used to treat dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)solutions,and the results showed that the two methods can synergistically convert filament discharge into spark discharge,and the conversion of the discharge mode can significantly increase the concentration of OH radicals and effectively improve the efficiency of DMSO degradation.We verified the rationality of the results by analyzing the mass transfer path of ROS based on the reaction coefficients and found that the OH radicals in aqueous solution were mainly derived from the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.These findings indicated that the synergistic action of plasma electrolysis and ultrasound can enhance the production of chemically reactive species,and provide new insights and guiding principles for the future translation of this combined strategy into real-life applications.Our results demonstrated that the synergistic strategy of ultrasound and plasma electrolysis is feasible in the switching mode and increasing the ROS,and may open new routes for materials engineering and pollutant degradation.

On the Production of OH Radical through Plasma Electrolysis Mechanism for the Processing of Ammonia Waste Water

Plasma produced many active species such as OH radical and H radical. As well known, OH radical plays an important role in degrading complex pollutants. This study aims to measure the production of OH radicals and evaluate important parameters that have influent in degradation process of waste water contains ammonia in circulated system and analyze the level of energy consumptions are resulted by this research. The production of OH radical was detected by formation of hydrogen peroxide which was resulted by recombination reaction between OH radicals during plasma electrolysis process. From the measured concentration of hydrogen peroxide, obtained concentration of OH radical is 2,020 ppm. The depth of anode, applied voltage and ammonia initial concentration have affected ammonia degradation percentage and energy consumption level. The highest result for ammonia degradation percentage is 63.2% which gets from applied voltage 700 V, with depth of anode 1 cm, initial concentration of ammonia 100 ppm, and lowest energy consumption of 110 KJ/mmol.

Synthesis of Poly (Butyl Methacrylate/Butyl Acrylate) Highly Absorptive Resin Using Glow Discharge Electrolysis

A highly absorptive resin poly （butyl methacrylate （BMA）-co-butyl acrylate （BA）） was prepared by emulsion polymerization, which was initiated by glow discharge electrolysis plasma （GDEP）. The effects of discharge voltage, discharge time, monomer ratio and the amounts of cross- linking agent were examined and discussed in detaiI. The chemical structure of the obtained resin was characterized by means of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The optimal conditions were ob- tained as： discharge voltage was 600 V, discharge time was 8 min, the ratios of BMA：BA being 2：1 for chloroform and 3：1 for xylene, with 2% N, N＇-methylenebis. Under optimal conditions, the oil absorbency was 70 g/g for chloroform and 46 g/g for xylene. Moreover, the absorptive dynamical behavior of the resulting resin was also investigated.

阴极辉光放电电解制备纳米ZnO

以Pt针为阴极,Zn片为阳极,2 g/L Na_(2)SO_(4)溶液为电解质,在530~650 V放电电压下,利用阴极辉光放电电解(CGDE)技术一步制得纳米ZnO颗粒。用XRD、SEM、FTIR、XPS等对产物的结构、组成和形貌进行了表征,利用UV-Vis DRS计算了纳米ZnO颗粒的带隙能,用UV-Vis研究了纳米ZnO粒子光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的行为,并探讨了其制备机理。结果表明,580 V下得到的纳米ZnO颗粒有一定的团聚,加入表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)能够抑制纳米ZnO颗粒的团聚;材料的形貌随PVP浓度和放电电压的变化而变化。当电压为530 V、加入0.0031%(质量分数)的PVP时,得到尺寸约200 nm、带隙能为3.22 eV的纺锤状纳米ZnO;随电压升高,颗粒尺寸分布越宽。在紫外光照射30 min后,加入PVP所制备的ZnO光催化降解MB的降解率由78.5%提高到87.3%,说明加入PVP后制备的ZnO光催化性能更优。CGDE制备纳米ZnO的机理为:放电过程中阳极Zn片氧化溶解为Zn^(2+),然后Zn^(2+)迁移到阴极辉光区,与等离子体-液体界面产生的OH-反应生成[Zn(OH)_(4)]^(2-),最后[Zn(OH)_(4)]^(2-)从等离子体-液体界面区转移到溶液中,产生ZnO晶粒。

Novel interface engineering of LDH-based materials on Mg alloy for efficient photocatalytic systems considering the geometrical linearity of condensed phosphates

This study presents a facile and rapid method for synthesizing novel Layered Double Hydroxide(LDH)nanoflakes,exploring their application as a photocatalyst,and investigating the influence of condensed phosphates'geometric linearity on their photocatalytic properties.Herein,the Mg O film,obtained by plasma electrolysis of AZ31 Mg alloys,was modified by growing an LDH film,which was further functionalized using cyclic sodium hexametaphosphate(CP)and linear sodium tripolyphosphate(LP).CP acted as an enhancer for flake spacing within the LDH structure,while LP changed flake dispersion and orientation.Consequently,CP@LDH demonstrated exceptional efficiency in heterogeneous photocatalysis,effectively degrading organic dyes like Methylene blue(MB),Congo red(CR),and Methyl orange(MO).The unique cyclic structure of CP likely enhances surface reactions and improves the catalyst's interaction with dye molecules.Furthermore,the condensed phosphate structure contributes to a higher surface area and reactivity in CP@LDH,leading to its superior photocatalytic performance compared to LP@LDH.Specifically,LP@LDH demonstrated notable degradation efficiencies of 93.02%,92.89%,and 88.81%for MB,MO,and CR respectively,over a 40 min duration.The highest degradation efficiencies were observed in the case of the CP@LDH sample,reporting 99.99%for MB,98.88%for CR,and 99.70%for MO.This underscores the potential of CP@LDH as a highly effective photocatalyst for organic dye degradation,offering promising prospects for environmental remediation and water detoxification applications.

工艺参数对激光选区熔化316L零件电解质等离子抛光的影响

[目的]激光选区熔化技术(SLM)制备的316L不锈钢零件表面不易抛光。[方法]采用电解质等离子抛光技术对其进行抛光,研究了工艺参数对工件表面粗糙度(Ra)、微观形貌、元素含量、物相组成和耐蚀性的影响,并采用正交试验法进行工艺优化。[结果]各工艺参数对粗糙度的影响排序为:抛光电压>抛光时间>抛光液温度>下潜深度。最佳工艺参数为:抛光电压320 V,抛光时间300 s,抛光液温度80℃,下潜深度250 mm。抛光后的表面粗糙度可由2.1084μm降低至0.2127μm,表面Cr元素含量由初始的13.92%增大到17.28%,在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电位正移,腐蚀电流密度降低。[结论]电解质等离子抛光可有效改善SLM制备的316L零件的表面形貌,降低其表面粗糙度,提高其耐蚀性。

机器学习驱动的辉光放电等离子体降解碱性紫16性能研究

为了量化研究辉光放电等离子体(GDEP)降解碱性紫16(BV16)的效率影响因素以进一步提升其降解性能,共收集462条降解实验数据建立数据集,训练并评价了9种回归模型.结果表明,基于梯度提升树(GBDT)的集成学习模型预测性能优异,且以类别型特征提升(CatBoost)算法训练的模型性能最佳(R^(2)=0.988,MAE=2.050%).此外,沙普利加和解释方法(SHAP)对最佳模型的参数影响程度定量解析结果显示,反应时间(43.74%)、初始污染物浓度(23.00%)、氯化钾浓度(15.65%)和平均电流(12.63%)是影响BV16降解效率的关键因素.同时,基于部分依赖图(PDP)提出了参数交互影响优化方案.所建立的CatBoost-SHAP-PDP模型不仅能实现GDEP对BV16降解效果的模拟预测,而且是优化GDEP降解过程变量的有效方法,为GDEP降解染料废水复杂体系领域的建模与应用提供科学依据和技术支持.

Innovative approach to boosting the chemical stability of AZ31 magnesium alloy using polymer-modified hybrid metal oxides

Meeting the demands of complex and advanced applications requires the development of high-performance hybrid materials with unique properties.However,the integration of polymeric frameworks with MgO/WO_(3) composite layers faces challenges due to the lack of understanding of the formation mechanism and the challenge of determining the impact of self-assembled architecture on anticorrosive properties.In this study,we aimed to enhance the corrosion resistance of the MgO layer produced by plasma electrolysis(PE)of AZ31 Mg alloy by incorporating WO_(3) with partially phosphorated poly(vinyl alcohol)(PPVA).Two types of porous MgO layers were produced using the PE process with an alkaline-phosphate electrolyte,one with and one without WO_(3) nanoparticles,which were subsequently immersed in an aqueous solution of PPVA.Incorporating PPVA into the WO_(3)-MgO layer resulted in hybrids being deposited in a fragmented manner,creating a“laminar reef-like structure”that sealed most of the structural defects in the layer.The PPVA-sealed WO_(3)-based coating exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared to the other samples.Computational analyses were employed to explore the mechanism underlying the formation of PPVA/WO_(3) hybrids on the MgO layer.These findings suggest that PPVA-WO_(3)-MgO hybrid coatings can potentially improve corrosion resistance in various fields.

Power-to-chemicals:sustainable liquefaction of food waste with plasma-electrolysis

The increasing amount of food waste from various industrial,agricultural,and household sources is an environmental burden if managed inappropriately.Numerous waste management approaches have been developed for the disposal of food waste,but still suffer from either high cost,production of toxic by-products,or secondary environmental pollutions.Herein,we report a new and sustainable plasma electrolysis biorefinery route for the rapid and efficient liquefaction of food waste.During the plasma electrolysis process,only the solvent is added to liquefy the waste,and anions in the waste can contribute to catalyzing the biowaste conversion.While liquefying the waste,the highly reactive species produced in the plasma electrolysis process can efficiently reduce the content of O,N,and Cl in the liquefied products and oxidize most of the metals into solid residues.Especially,the removal rate of Na and K elements was greater than 81%,which is significantly higher than using the traditional oil bath liquefaction,resulting in a relatively high-quality biocrude oil with a high heating value of 25.86 MJ·kg^(-1).Overall,this proposed strategy may provide a new sustainable and eco-friendly avenue for the power-to-chemicals valorization of food waste under benign conditions.

Plasma electrolytic liquefaction of cellulosic biomass

In this paper, the rapid liquefaction of a corncob was achieved by plasma electrolysis, providing a new method for cellulosic biomass liquefaction. The liquefaction rate of the corncob was 95% after 5 min with polyethylene glycol and glycerol as the liquefying agent. The experiments not only showed that H~+ ions catalyzed the liquefaction of the corncob, but also that using accelerated H~+ ions, which were accelerated by an electric field, could effectively improve the liquefaction efficiency. There was an obvious discharge phenomenon, in which the generated radicals efficiently heated the solution and liquefied the biomass, in the process of plasma electrolytic liquefaction. Finally, the optimum parameters of the corncob liquefaction were obtained by experimentation, and the liquefaction products were analyzed.

钛合金微弧氧化涂层等离子体电解去除工艺与作用机制

微弧氧化涂层在制备及服役过程中出现生长不均匀或表面磨损剥落现象,需将其去除以达到二次制备再利用的目的。针对高结合强度微弧氧化涂层难去除的瓶颈问题,提出了一种等离子体电解涂层去除(Plasma Electrolytic Removal, PER)新技术。对比分析不同电压下涂层去除速率、厚度变化及不同时间下涂层去除后微观形貌发现,当施加电压260 V时,涂层去除效率最低,经过11 min后涂层全部去除;当电压升至320 V时,涂层全部去除仅需6 min,这归因于大的施加电压,更容易产生多且稳定的等离子体放电通道,实现微弧氧化涂层快速去除;基于此进一步提出了等离子体电解涂层去除的剥离、减薄与溶解协同作用机制。该工艺去除效率高、绿色环保,在航空航天、医疗器械等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

低碳钢液相等离子体电解B+C+N共渗层的摩擦电化学行为

目的研究液相等离子电解硼碳氮三元共渗处理(PEB/C/N)对Q235低碳钢摩擦电化学行为的影响。方法采用PEB/C/N方法在Q235低碳钢表面制备共渗层,通过电化学的开路电位测试和摩擦磨损实验评估Q235钢基体和PEB/C/N试样在NaCl(质量分数3.5%)腐蚀介质中与Si_(3)N_(4)球对磨的摩擦电化学行为。结果在电压为280 V的PEB/C/N共渗中,试样周围等离子体区的电子温度稳定在3500 K左右。经过PEB/C/N处理30 min后,生成的共渗层包括15μm主要由Fe_(2)B相组成的表面渗层和40μm的过渡层。在摩擦过程中,PEB/C/N试样的开路电位保持在-200~-300 m V之间,且波动较小,明显高于Q235钢基体。同时,PEB/C/N试样的磨损率为3.88×10^(4)μm^(3)/(N·m),只是钢基体磨损率的1/3。在NaCl腐蚀介质中,由于腐蚀和磨损的交互作用,使Q235钢基体产生了塑性应变位错和局部的微裂纹,因此磨损进一步增加,磨损机制主要为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损。PEB/C/N试样的共渗层有效阻挡了Cl(-)对基体的腐蚀,磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损。结论PEB/C/N试样在NaCl腐蚀介质中的耐腐蚀和耐磨性能得到明显提升。

Surface Microstructure and High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Thermal Sprayed NiCoCrAlY Bond-Coat Modified by Cathode Plasma Electrolysis

The surface properties of the air-plasma sprayed bond-coat have been modified by cathode plasma electrolysis（CPE）. After modification, a re-melted layer without obvious pores and oxide stringers is formed,the gain size of re-melted layer is approximately 80–120 nm. It is shown, from cyclic oxidation at 1100℃,that a thin oxide scale mainly composed of α-Al;O;has been formed on the modified bond-coat and the oxidation resistance of the modified bond-coat has been significantly improved. Such beneficial result can be attributed to following effects: during CPE process, the plasma discharges with high temperature take place on the bond-coat surface. With plasma discharge treatment, the surface is melted and quickly re-solidified, the grain size decreases, and the pores and oxide stringers disappear. During cyclic oxidation, owing to the above modification of surface properties, the critical content of Al for selective oxidation is significantly decreased. Therefore, a continuous Al;O;scale is formed.

基于GB/T5121.1对铜合金中铜含量测定的优化

GB/T5121.1《铜及铜合金化学分析方法第1部分:铜含量的测定》中原子吸收光谱法具有局限性,电解时的电流密度较小,电解时间较长,影响检测周期。利用电解+电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铜及铜合金中铜含量,可以大大缩短检测时间,并从方法原理、试样准备、测定范围、称样量、电解条件和残留铜测定等方面进行分析,对该方法进行了优化。

辉光放电等离子体技术处理印染废水的研究

用辉光放电等离子体技术对茜素红降解进行了研究,藉助紫外光谱分析了其降解过程.结果表明,在pH≈7时,茜素红于60min便可以被完全降解,且其排放液接近无色,降解过程中溶液pH值降低,说明反应过程中可能有羧酸类物质生成.两电极间的距离与催化剂对降解率有显著影响,COD先升高后降低,若在Fe2+存在时,反应只需10min,且COD值不断减小.