ADP-dependent glucokinase controls metabolic fitness in prostate cancer progression

Background Cell metabolism plays a pivotal role in tumor progression,and targeting cancer metabolism might effectively kill cancer cells.We aimed to investigate the role of hexokinases in prostate cancer(PCa)and identify a crucial target for PCa treatment.Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,online tools and clinical samples were used to assess the expression and prognostic role of ADP-dependent glucokinase(ADPGK)in PCa.The effect of ADPGK expression on PCa cell malignant phenotypes was validated in vitro and in vivo.Quantitative proteomics,metabolomics,and extracellular acidification rate(ECAR)and oxygen consumption rate(OCR)tests were performed to evaluate the impact of ADPGK on PCa metabolism.The underlying mechanisms were explored through ADPGK overexpression and knockdown,co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP),ECAR analysis and cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assays.Results ADPGK was the only glucokinase that was both upregulated and predicted worse overall survival(OS)in prostate adenocarcinoma(PRAD).Clinical sample analysis demonstrated that ADPGK was markedly upregulated in PCa tissues vs.non-PCa tissues.High ADPGK expression indicates worse survival outcomes,and ADPGK serves as an independent factor of biochemical recurrence.In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that ADPGK overexpression promoted PCa cell proliferation and migration,and ADPGK inhibition suppressed malignant phenotypes.Metabolomics,proteomics,and ECAR and OCR tests revealed that ADPGK significantly accelerated glycolysis in PCa.Mechanistically,ADPGK binds aldolase C(ALDOC)to promote glycolysis via AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)phosphorylation.ALDOC was positively correlated with ADPGK,and high ALDOC expression was associated with worse survival outcomes in PCa.Conclusions In summary,ADPGK is a driving factor in PCa progression,and its high expression contributes to a poor prognosis in PCa patients.ADPGK accelerates PCa glycolysis and progression by activating ALDOC-AMPK signaling,suggesting that ADPGK might be an effective target and marker for PCa treatment and prognosis evaluation.

Glucokinase regulatory protein rs780094 polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and nephropathy

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Liu et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes(Relationship between GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes with albuminuria).Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic disorder characterized by dysregulated glucose homeostasis.The persistent elevated blood glucose level in T2DM significantly increases the risk of developing severe complications,including cardiovascular disease,re-tinopathy,neuropathy,and nephropathy.T2DM arises from a complex interplay between genetic,epigenetic,and environmental factors.Global genomic studies have identified numerous genetic variations associated with an increased risk of T2DM.Specifically,variations within the glucokinase regulatory protein(GCKR)gene have been linked to heightened susceptibility to T2DM and its associated complications.The clinical trial by Liu et al further elucidates the role of the GCKR rs780094 polymorphism in T2DM and nephropathy development.Their findings demonstrate that individuals carrying the CT or TT genotype at the GCKR rs780094 locus are at a higher risk of developing T2DM with albuminuria compared to those with the CC genotype.These findings highlight the importance of genetic testing and risk assessment in T2DM to develop effective preventive strategies and personalized treatment plans.

Facilitating effects of berberine on rat pancreatic islets through modulating hepatic nuclear factor 4 alpha expression and glucokinase activity

AIM： To observe the effect of berberine on insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islets and to explore its possible molecular mechanism. METHODS： Pdmary rat islets were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats by collagenase digestion and treated with different concentrations （1, 3, 10 and 30 μmol/L） of berberine or 1 μmol/L Glibenclamide （GB） for 24 h. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion （GSIS） assay was conducted and insulin was determined by radioimmunoassay. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay was performed to evaluate cytotoxicity. The mRNA level of hepatic nuclear factor 4 alpha （HAIF4α） was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Indirect immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis were employed to detect protein expression of HNF4α in the islets. Glucokinase （GK） activity was measured by spectrophotometric method. RESULTS： Berberine enhanced GSIS rather than basal insulin secretion dose-dependently in rat islets and showed no significant cytotoxicity on islet cells at the concentration of 10 μmol/L. Both mRNA and protein expressions of HNF4α were up-regulated by berberine in a dose-dependent manner, and GK activity was also increased accordingly. However, GB demonstrated no regulatory effects on HNF4α expression or GK activity. CONCLUSION： Berberine can enhance GSIS in rat islets, and probably exerts the insulinotropic effect via a pathway involving HNF4α and GK, which is distinct from sulphonylureas （SUs）.

Establishment of Hypoglycemic Agent Screening Method Based on Human Glucokinase

Objective To establish a reliable platform for screening glucokinase activators （GKAs） in vitro. Methods Pancreatic glucokinase （PGK） protein expressed in a prokaryotic expression system as a histidine-tagged fusion protein from Homo sapiens was produced. Then, response surface methodology （RSM） was used to optimize the microplate-based GKA screening platform. In the f＇trst step of optimization with Plackett-Burman design （PBD）, initial pH, reaction time and MgC12 were found to be important factors affecting the activity ratio of GKA （RO-28-1675） significantly. In the second step, a 23 full factorial central composite design （CCD） and RSM were applied to the optimal condition determination of each significant variable. A second-order polynomial was determined by a multiple regression analysis of the experimental data. Results The following optimal values for the critical factors were obtained： initial pH 0 （7.0）, reaction time-0.63 （13.7 min） and MgC12 0.11 （2.11 mmol/L） with a predicted value of the maximum activity ratio of 34.1%. Conclusion Under the optimal conditions, the practical activity ratio is 34.8%. The determination coefficient （R2） is 0.9442, ensuring adequate credibility of the model. LLAE3, extracted from Folium nelumbinis in our laboratory, has prominently activated effects on PGK.

Sapium ellipticum(Hochst) Pax ethanol leaf extract modulates glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Objective:To examine the effects of Sapium ellipticum(SE) leaf extract on the hepatic activities of glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats.Methods:STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rats(four groups,n = 8) were used in this study.SE was assessed at two different doses,400 and 800 mg/kg BW,in comparison with metformin(METF)(12 mg/kg BW) as a reference antidiabetic drug.All treatments were done orally(p.o),twice daily at 8 h interval for a period of 21 days.Glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities were respectively determined using standard protocols.Hepatic and muscle glycogen contents were estimated as well.Results:STZ caused significant decrease in glucose-6-phosphatase activity and concomitant increase in glucokinase activity.SE extract especially at 400 mg dosage significantly reversed the alterations by increasing glucokinase activity by 40.31% and inhibiting glucose-6-phosphatase activity by 37.29% compared to diabetic control animals.However,the effects were significantly lower than that of METF which enhanced glucokinase activity by94.76% and simultaneously inhibited glucose-6-phosphatase activity by 49.15%.The extract also improved hepatic glycogen level by 32.37 and 27.06% at 400 and 800 mg dosage respectively.HPLC-MS analysis of some SE fractions in dynamic MRM mode(using the optimized compound-specific parameters) revealed among other active compounds,the presence of amentoflavone,which has been associated with antidiabetic function.Conclusions:The ability of SE extract to concurrently inhibit glucose-6-phosphatase and activate glucokinase in this study suggests that it may be a treatment option for type 2 diabetes patients,and the presence of amentoflavone in the plant extract may account for its anti-diabetic potential.

Effects of vanadate on the activities of mice glucokinase and hexokinase

This study aimed at acquiring knowledge on the hypoglycemic mechanisms of sodium metavanadate (SMV) showed that the liver glucokinase and muscle hexokinase activities increased rapidly after oral SMV was given, and that the blood glucose level was correlated closely with the activities of the two enzymes but not with the insulin level; which indicated that SMV could improve the altered glucose phosphorylation in diabetic mice independently of stimulating insulin secretion. This was probably one of the mechanisms of hypoglycemic effects of SMV.

Persian Shallot (<i>Allium hirtifolium</i>Boiss) Extract Elevates Glucokinase (GCK) Activity and Gene Expression in Diabetic Rats

Hepatic GCK is a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis and, as such, is a potential target for treatment strategies of diabetes. We investigated the effect of Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) hydroalchoholic extract on blood glucose level, plasma insulin level, GCK activity and its gene expression. Thirty two male rats were divided into 4 groups of 8, diabetic groups received 100 and 200 mg/kg Persian shallot extract, diabetic control and normal control received 0.9% saline for 30 days. Investigations of gene expression by Real-Time PCR showed that Persian shallot had led to gently increased GCK gene expression in diabetic rats. GCK activity increased significantly in Persian shallot treated group in dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). These results indicated that Persian shallot exhibited a significant potential as a hypoglycemic agent perhaps via its ability to enhance insulin secretion, GCK gene expression and its activity.

EGCG对高脂饮食GK大鼠白色脂肪米色化的诱导作用与机制研究

脂肪组织类型与人体代谢密切相关,通过饮食或营养干预将白色脂肪细胞转变为产热的米色脂肪细胞是一种减少脂肪积蓄、调节代谢的安全策略。目前关于白色脂肪组织米色化作用的研究多聚焦于肥胖群体,为探究EGCG对非肥胖代谢紊乱群体的内脏白色脂肪组织米色化的诱导作用及相关机制,采用非肥胖型自发性2型糖尿病模型Goto-Kakizaki(GK)大鼠,给予每日高脂饮食,并进行40 mg·kg^(-1)和80 mg·kg^(-1)EGCG灌胃干预,检测GK大鼠的体质量、摄食量、脂肪组织细胞形态及米色化相关基因表达水平、UCP1蛋白表达水平,并进行转录组测序。结果表明,80 mg·kg^(-1)EGCG灌胃干预对GK大鼠摄食量和体质量无明显影响,但能够促使脂肪细胞呈现向多房型脂肪细胞转变趋势,并显著上调米色化相关的Pparg、Ppargc1a、Ucp1基因表达水平和UCP1蛋白表达水平,具有诱导高脂饮食GK大鼠内脏附睾白色脂肪组织米色化的作用,且表现出调节脂质代谢的潜力。结合转录组分析结果表明,EGCG对高脂饮食GK大鼠白色脂肪组织米色化的诱导作用机制可能与PPAR信号通路、PI3K/Akt信号通路和MAPK信号通路有关。

Analysis of the glucokinase gene in Iranian families with maturity onset diabetes of the young

Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) as a most common form of diabetes is a major public health problem;there is a subgroup of NIDDM patients who develop the disease at an early age and show a dominant mode of inheritance. This type is nominates Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). The prevalence of MODY is difficult to access, and patients with MODY genes mutations are often identified during routine screening for other purposes. MODY2 was linked to glucokinase gene (GCK) mutations, and accounted for 8% to 56% of MODY, with the highest prevalence found in the southern Europe. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and nature of mutations in GCK gene in Iranian paients. We have screened GCK mutations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR);single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique in 12 Iranian families with clinical diagnosis of MODY, included 30 patients (8 males and 22 females) and their 21 family members. PCR products with abnormal mobility in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were directly sequenced. We identified 6 novel mutations in GCK gene in Iranian families (corresponding to 36.6% prevalence). Our findings and the last study on MODY1 highlight that in addition to GCK, other MODY genes such as MODY3 and MODYX may play a significant role in diabetes characterized by monogenic autosomal dominant transmission. There is an important point that the genetic recognation can be used to pre-symptomatically identify family members at risk for developing MODY.

Allosteric process of human glucokinase conducive to fight against diabetes

More than 200 million people worldwide have diabetes. In China alone, about 60 million people

参芪复方对GK大鼠炎症标志物的影响及机理探讨

目的:探讨参芪复方对2型糖尿病(type 2 d iabetes m ellitus,T2DM)炎症标志物的影响及作用机理。方法:设模型、雷米普利(1 mg/kg.d)、参芪复方低、高剂量(0.72 g/kg.d与2.88 g/kg.d)及W istar对照组,各组动物每天灌胃相应受试物32 d。酶免法检测血清C反-应蛋白(C-reactive prote in,CRP)、放免法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子(tumour necrosis factor,TNFα)-含量;实时定量RT-PCR和免疫组织化学法分别检测主动脉核因子(NF)κ-B p65mRNA的表达和活化。结果:参芪复方低、高剂量组CRP、TNFα-含量均显著低于模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01),NFκ-B p65表达与活化均降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:参芪复方具有降低T2DM血清炎症标志物水平的作用,减少NFκ-B基因的表达和活化可能是其作用机理之一。

基于EEMD样本熵和GK模糊聚类的机械故障识别

针对目前各种机械故障诊断方法的局限性,提出了基于总体平均经验模式分解(EEMD)样本熵和GK模糊聚类的故障特征提取和分类方法,建立了一种机械故障准确识别的有效途径。首先,对机械振动信号进行EEMD分解,得到若干不同时间尺度的固有模态函数(IMF)分量。其次,通过相关性分析和能量相结合的准则对IMF分量进行筛选,并将筛选出的IMF分量的样本熵组成故障特征向量。最后,将构造的特征向量输入到GK模糊聚类分类器中进行聚类识别。实验及工程实例证明了该方法的有效性和优越性。

红芪多糖对GK糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠胃窦组织MYPT1/p-MYPT1蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨红芪多糖(HPS)改善GK糖尿病胃轻瘫(DGP)大鼠胃动力的作用机制。方法 12只Wistar大鼠作为正常组,68只GK大鼠高糖高脂饲料不规则喂养8周制备DGP模型,60只成模大鼠随机分为模型组、阳性药组(莫沙必利)、红芪多糖低、中、高剂量组等5组(每组12只)。除正常组和模型组外,其他各组大鼠灌胃干预12周。于干预前和干预后第4、8、12周末检测血糖;实验结束后检测胃排空率(GER);ELISA法检测胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MTL)、P物质(SP)含量;分别采用免疫组化法和蛋白印迹(WB)法检测胃窦组织RhoA、MYPT1、p-MYPT1蛋白表达情况。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血糖显著升高(P<0.01),胃排空率显著下降,胃激素含量显著降低,胃窦组织RhoA、MYPT1、p-MYPT1蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.01);经干预治疗后,与模型组比较,阳性药组和HPS各组血糖显著降低(P<0.01),胃排空率、胃激素含量、胃窦组织RhoA、MYPT1、p-MYPT1蛋白表达量显著增高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 HPS能够降低GK糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠血糖,促进胃排空,增加胃泌素、胃动素、P物质等胃激素的含量,这可能与其调节胃窦组织RhoA/RocK信号通路有关。

高脂饮食对Wistar和GK大鼠糖脂代谢及胰岛素分泌功能的影响

目的观察高脂饮食对正常血糖Wistar大鼠和高血糖GK大鼠糖脂代谢及胰岛素分泌功能的影响。方法雄性Wistar和GK大鼠各20只,随机分为4组(n=10):Wistar普食组(WND),Wistar高脂组(WHD),GK普食组(GND)和GK高脂组(GHD)。分别以普通饲料和高脂饲料喂养12周,测定大鼠的糖脂代谢指标,并采用口服葡萄糖胰岛素释放试验评估胰岛素分泌能力。结果实验12周后,WHD和GHD组的内脏脂肪占体质量百分比分别显著高于WND和GND组,(8.20±0.50)%vs(6.00±0.60)%和(8.40±0.70)%vs(6.80±0.90)%(P均<0.01)。GHD组的空腹血糖(FPG)明显高于GND组,(12.85±1.44)vs(9.71±0.42)mmol/L(P<0.01);而WHD和WND组的FPG无显著差异。WHD和GHD组的胰岛素曲线下面积/葡萄糖曲线下面积分别显著小于WND和GND组,8.61±1.17vs11.26±1.37和0.95±0.11vs1.23±0.17(P均<0.01)。结论正常血糖和高血糖状态下,高脂饮食均可引起Wistar和GK大鼠中心型积聚的体脂增加,导致葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素分泌能力减退,为2型糖尿病进程中的重要危险因素。

GK糖尿病大鼠生物学特性观察

目的了解2型糖尿病模型GK大鼠生长曲线、主要脏器重量、糖代谢等生物学特性，评价GK大鼠葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌能力。方法采用51只雄性GK大鼠及15只年龄性别匹配的Wistar大鼠作为研究对象。测定13周龄GK、Wistar大鼠空腹血糖、23周龄GK大鼠空腹及随机血糖。随访GK及Wistar大鼠生长曲线，34～46周龄期间血糖、糖化血红蛋白。46周龄时行腹腔葡萄糖耐量实验（IPGTT），计算相关参数评价β细胞葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌能力；之后处死大鼠，脏器称重。比较GK及Wistar大鼠间上述各指标差异。结果13周龄GK大鼠空腹血糖4．74±0．41mmol／L，对照Wistar大鼠1．85±0．44mmol／L（P〈0．001）。23周龄GK大鼠空腹血糖7．88±1．96mmol／L，随机血糖9．91±3．52～13．46±4．13mmol／L。7～20及34～45周龄期间GK大鼠体重高于对照Wistar大鼠（P〈0．05），46周龄时无显著性差异。34～45周龄期间GK大鼠空腹血糖、进食后血糖、HbAlc均高于对照Wistar大鼠（P〈0．05）。IPGTT曲线下面积分析示GK大鼠胰岛素曲线下面积（AUCi）、葡萄糖曲线下面积（AUCg）高于对照Wistar大鼠，胰岛素与葡萄糖曲线下面积比值（AUCi／AUCg）低于对照Wistar大鼠，差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。GK大鼠肾脏重量高于对照Wistar大鼠（P〈0．05），余主要脏器重量差异无显著性。结论GK大鼠空腹血糖、进食后血糖、HbAlc水平升高，葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌能力（GSIS）减退，葡萄糖刺激后胰岛素分泌早期相消失，晚期相代偿性增加，具有2型糖尿病特点；体重、血糖等生物学特性稳定。

参芪复方对GK大鼠心肌细胞凋亡相关因子Bcl-2、Bax及NO的影响

[目的]研究参芪复方对GK大鼠心肌细胞凋亡相关因子Bcl-2、Bax及一氧化氮(NO)的影响及其可能作用机制。[方法]GK大鼠腹腔注射N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME),同时给予高脂饮食复制2型糖尿病(T2DM)心肌病变模型。选择随机血糖≥11.1mmol/L的GK大鼠随机分为4组:模型组、中药高、低剂量组、西药组,另设正常Wistar大鼠作正常对照组,共5组动物。治疗4周后,统一取心肌标本,通过免疫组化等测量方法,对照观察各组药物对GK大鼠一般状态、心肌NO、心肌Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的影响。[结果]GK大鼠的上述指标存在明显异常。参芪复方特别是其高剂量组能改善其一般状态、升高心肌NO(P<0.01),升高心肌细胞凋亡抑制因子Bcl-2的表达(P<0.01),降低促细胞凋亡因子Bax表达(P<0.05)和Bax/Bcl-2比值(P<0.01)。[结论]凋亡相关因子Bcl-2和Bax与NO参与糖尿病心肌损伤过程,参芪复方能升高心肌NO,降低心肌Bax表达,升高Bcl-2表达。

黄芪乌梅配方颗粒对GK大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的观察黄芪乌梅配方颗粒对GK大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法 4周龄雄性GK大鼠32只,随机分为模型组、阳性对照组(盐酸二甲双胍肠溶片0.15g/kg)、黄芪乌梅低剂量组(黄芪乌梅配方颗粒1.3g/kg)、黄芪乌梅高剂量组(黄芪乌梅配方颗粒5.2g/kg),每组8只;同时以8只同周龄雄性Wistar大鼠为空白组。灌胃治疗10周,分别于0、2、4、6、8、10周测量大鼠体重、空腹血糖。干预第10周末取血,测量空腹血清胰岛素(FINS)和糖化血红蛋白(GHb)水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),然后急性失血法处死大鼠,取肝脏组织,蛋白印迹法检测肝脏胰岛素受体(IR)和胰岛素受体底物-1(IRS-1)蛋白的表达。结果干预10周后,空白组、模型组、阳性对照组大鼠体重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而各黄芪乌梅干预组大鼠体重明显减轻(P<0.05)。与空白组相比,模型组大鼠空腹血糖明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,各黄芪乌梅干预组及阳性对照组大鼠空腹血糖明显降低(P<0.05)。与空白组相比,模型组大鼠FINS、GHb和HOMA-IR明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,各黄芪乌梅干预组和阳性对照组大鼠HOMA-IR均降低(P<0.05),黄芪乌梅高剂量组和阳性对照组大鼠FINS、GHb降低(P<0.05)。与空白组相比,模型组IR和IRS-1蛋白表达明显下降(P<0.05);与模型组相比,各黄芪乌梅干预组及阳性对照组IR和IRS-1蛋白表达均明显增加(P<0.05)。结论黄芪乌梅配方颗粒能降低GK大鼠血糖,减轻体重,改善大鼠胰岛素抵抗,其机制可能与促进肝脏组织中IR和IRS-1蛋白表达有关。

参芪复方对GK大鼠白色脂肪组织脂联素基因表达的影响

目的:探讨参芪复方抗2型糖尿病低度炎症的作用机理。方法:SPF级GK大鼠按血糖水平随机分为模型、雷米普利、参芪复方低剂量与参芪复方高剂量组,另设正常Wistar对照组。4组GK大鼠和正常Wistar对照组分别腹腔注射L-N-硝基精氨酸甲酯(N-ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,L-NAME)和生理盐水,同时喂饲高脂饲料和普通饲料。各组动物每天灌胃相应受试物和无菌水32 d。酶免法检测血清C反应蛋白(C reactive protein,CRP)和脂联素含量,实时定量RT-PCR法检测脂肪脂联素mRNA表达。结果:参芪复方低、高剂量组大鼠的血清CRP水平较模型组显著降低(P<0.01),脂联素mRNA表达和血清蛋白含量较模型组明显增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:提高脂联素mRNA表达和血清蛋白水平可能是参芪复方抗T2DM低度炎症的作用机制之一。

黄地安消胶囊对改善2型糖尿病GK大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的观察黄地安消胶囊(葛根、枇杷叶、三七,等)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)模型GK大鼠的血糖和胰岛素抵抗的影响及可能的效应机制。方法选取符合T2DM模型的GK大鼠纳入实验,随机分为模型组,罗格列酮(1.44 mg/kg)组,参芪降糖颗粒(1.08 g/kg)组,黄地安消胶囊高、中、低(12、6、3 g/kg)组以及Wistar大鼠正常组。各组连续给药6周后,测定各组大鼠的空腹血糖(FBG)、血清胰岛素(FINS)含有量、空腹血清血糖(FPG),并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。对血清生化指标(TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)及胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)进行测定。取胰腺组织,常规石蜡包埋并进行HE染色,观察其病理形态的改变。结果与正常组比较,模型组FBG、FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、Hb A1c均显著升高(P<0.01),GLP-1、IGF-1表达量显著降低(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,黄地安消高、中、低剂量组FBG、FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、Hb A1c均明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);GLP-1、IGF-1表达量显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),黄地安消高、中、低剂量组胰腺组织结构改变明显减轻。结论黄地安消胶囊能够降低GK大鼠空腹血糖,改善胰岛素抵抗,其机制可能与促进胰岛细胞的产生与增殖,改善胰岛细胞的功能,增加胰岛素的分泌有关。

中药复方糖耐康对糖尿病GK大鼠尿蛋白影响的实验研究

目的观察中药糖耐康对自发性糖尿病大鼠尿蛋白的影响。方法将50只GK大鼠随机分为模型对照组、吡格列酮组、中药糖耐康低、中、高剂量组,另设正常对照组Wistar大鼠10只。各治疗组大鼠干预8周后,检测肾重/体重、尿蛋白等指标,同时光镜下观察肾小球病理变化。结果糖尿病模型组各项实验室指标与正常对照组比较均有显著差异,而吡格列酮组和糖耐康各剂量组经过8周干预后各项指标有所改善。治疗组肾小球内细胞外基质蓄积、基底膜的增厚及肾小球系膜细胞增生指标均明显改善。结论中药糖耐康能降低血糖,控制尿蛋白的排泄,并通过抑制大鼠糖尿病肾小球系膜细胞增生、基底膜基质合成以及肾小球内细胞外基质蓄积,从而改善肾小球的高滤过和高灌注,对糖尿病大鼠肾脏具有保护作用。