Analysis of Blood Lipids, Blood Glucose, Blood Uric Acid, and Blood Routine Test Results in Retired Employees of a Unit in the Civil Aviation System

Objective:To investigate and analyze the annual physical examination results of retired employees from a unit in the civil aviation system,focusing on blood lipids,blood glucose,blood uric acid,and blood routine results.The study aims to provide relevant references for formulating reasonable disease management measures for preventing and controlling hyperlipidemia,hyperuricemia,and other conditions in retired employees.Methods:The examination results of 231 participants were collected and analyzed.The participants were divided into four groups based on age:middle-aged group,young-old group,middle-old group,and old-old group.The blood test results were compared across these groups,and an assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)risk levels was completed in conjunction with medical history.Blood test results were also compared by gender.Results:There were no significant statistical differences in blood test results when grouped by age.However,the prevalence of hyperuricemia was higher in males than in females,while the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was higher in females than in males.The LDL-C target achievement rate was lower in the moderate-and-high-risk group as well as the very high-risk group as defined by ASCVD risk levels.Conclusion:Management of hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia in retired employees(elderly patients)should be strengthened to reduce the risk of ASCVD events and alleviate the potential medical burden associated with disease progression.

Retinal microcirculation changes in prediabetic patients with shortterm increased blood glucose using optical coherence tomography angiography

BACKGROUND Retinal microcirculation alterations are early indicators of diabetic microvascular complications.Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)is a noninvasive method to assess these changes.This study analyzes changes in retinal microcirculation in prediabetic patients during short-term increases in blood glucose using OCTA.AIM To investigate the changes in retinal microcirculation in prediabetic patients experiencing short-term increases in blood glucose levels using OCTA.METHODS Fifty volunteers were divided into three groups:Group 1[impaired fasting glucose(IFG)or impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)],Group 2(both IFG and IGT),and a control group.Retinal microcirculation parameters,including vessel density(VD),perfusion density(PD),and foveal avascular zone(FAZ)metrics,were measured using OCTA.Correlations between these parameters and blood glucose levels were analyzed in both the fasting and postprandial states.RESULTS One hour after glucose intake,the central VD(P=0.023),central PD(P=0.026),and parafoveal PD(P<0.001)were significantly greater in the control group than in the fasting group.In Group 1,parafoveal PD(P<0.001)and FAZ circularity(P=0.023)also increased one hour after glucose intake.However,no significant changes were observed in the retinal microcirculation parameters of Group 2 before or after glucose intake(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,Group 1 had a larger FAZ area(P=0.032)and perimeter(P=0.018),whereas Group 2 had no significant differences in retinal microcirculation parameters compared with the control group(P>0.05).Compared with Group 1,Group 2 had greater central VD(P=0.013)and PD(P=0.008)and a smaller FAZ area(P=0.012)and perimeter(P=0.010).One hour after glucose intake,Group 1 had a larger FAZ area(P=0.044)and perimeter(P=0.038)than did the control group,whereas Group 2 showed no significant differences in retinal microcirculation parameters compared with the control group(P>0.05).Group 2 had greater central VD(P=0.042)and PD(P=0.022)and a smaller FAZ area(P=0.015)and perimeter(P=0.016)than Group 1.At fasting,central PD was significantly positively correlated with blood glucose levels(P=0.044),whereas no significant correlations were found between blood glucose levels and OCTA parameters one hour after glucose intake.CONCLUSION A short-term increase in blood glucose has a more pronounced effect on retinal microcirculation in prediabetic patients with either IFG or IGT.

Effect of dates on blood glucose and lipid profile among patients with type 2 diabetes

Poor fruit and vegetable consumption is one of the 10 major risk factors for mortality.There is a misconception regarding the consumption of dates among patients with diabetes.This manuscript assessed the effects of date consumption on fasting and postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoproteins,high-density lipoproteins,and microbial markers.Four literature databases were searched for relevant articles.Of the 595 studies retrieved,24 assessed the effects of dates on glycemic control and lipids.Overall,the evidence suggests that dates have a lowering effect on blood glucose.Dates reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increase high-density lipoprotein levels.Dates also promote the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota.Therefore,patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia can consume dates to reduce their blood glucose,cholesterol,and triglycerides.

Influence of blood glucose fluctuations on chemotherapy efficacy and safety in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients complicated with lung carcinoma

BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)have large fluctuations in blood glucose(BG),abnormal metabolic function and low immunity to varying degrees,which increases the risk of malignant tumor diseases and affects the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy.Controlling hyperglycemia may have important therapeutic implications for cancer patients.AIM To clarify the influence of BG fluctuations on chemotherapy efficacy and safety in T2DM patients complicated with lung carcinoma(LC).METHODS The clinical data of 60 T2DM+LC patients who presented to the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University between January 2019 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent chemotherapy and were grouped as a control group(CG;normal BG fluctuation with a mean fluctuation<3.9 mmol/L)and an observation group(OG;high BG fluctuation with a mean fluctuation≥3.9 mmol/L)based on their BG fluctuations,with 30 cases each.BGrelated indices,tumor markers,serum inflammatory cytokines and adverse reactions were comparatively analyzed.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between BG fluctuations and tumor markers.RESULTS The fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels in the OG were notably elevated compared with those in the CG,together with markedly higher mean amplitude of glycemic excursions(MAGE),mean of daily differences,largest amplitude of glycemic excursions and standard deviation of blood glucose(P<0.05).In addition,the OG exhibited evidently higher levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9,carbohydrate antigen 125,carcinoembryonic antigen,neuron-specific enolase,cytokeratin 19,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and highsensitivity C-reactive protein than the CG(P<0.05).Pearson analysis revealed a positive association of MAGE with serum tumor markers.The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly higher in the OG than in the CG(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The greater the BG fluctuation in LC patients after chemotherapy,the more unfavorable the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy;the higher the level of tumor markers and inflammatory cytokines,the more adverse reactions the patient experiences.

A Study on Near-Infrared Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Concentration Regression Prediction Based on PSO-MKL-SVR

To improve the accuracy of predicting non-invasive blood glucose concentration in the near-infrared spectrum, we utilized the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize hyperparameters for the Multi-Kernel Learning Support Vector Machine (MKL-SVR). With these optimized hyperparameters, we established a non-invasive blood glucose regression model, referred to as the PSO-MKL-SVR model. Subsequently, we conducted a comparative analysis between the PSO-MKL-SVR model and the PSO-SVR model. In a dataset comprising ten volunteers, the PSO-MKL-SVR model exhibited significant precision improvements, including a 16.03% reduction in Mean Square Error and a 0.29% increase in the Squared Correlation Coefficient. Moreover, there was a 0.14% higher probability of the Clark’s Error Grid Analysis falling within Zone A. Additionally, the PSO-MKL-SVR model demonstrated a faster operational speed compared to the PSO-SVR model.

Effects of Radix Puerariae, Radix Rehmanniae and Their Compatibility on Blood Glucose and Blood Lipids in Mice

[Objectives]To explore the effects of the compatibility of Radix Puerariae and Radix Rehmanniae on blood glucose and blood lipids in diabetic mouses.[Methods]Diabetic mouse model was established.The body weight and fasting blood glucose of mice were measured after 7 and 14 d of administration,and the biochemical indicators of blood lipids(TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C)were detected after 14 d of administration.[Results]Compared with the Radix Puerariae group and Radix Rehmanniae group,the compatibility group(1:2)had the best hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and TC and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly decreased(P<0.05),while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)significantly increased(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Radix Puerariae,Radix Rehmanniae and their combination can reduce the blood glucose of diabetic mice.The compatibility group(1:2)had a significant hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly declined,while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)rose significantly.

What,why and how to monitor blood glucose in critically ill patients

Critically ill patients are prone to high glycemic variations irrespective of their diabetes status.This mandates frequent blood glucose(BG)monitoring and regulation of insulin therapy.Even though the most commonly employed capillary BG monitoring is convenient and rapid,it is inaccurate and prone to high bias,overestimating BG levels in critically ill patients.The targets for BG levels have also varied in the past few years ranging from tight glucose control to a more liberal approach.Each of these has its own fallacies,while tight control increases risk of hypoglycemia,liberal BG targets make the patients prone to hyperglycemia.Moreover,the recent evidence suggests that BG indices,such as glycemic variability and time in target range,may also affect patient outcomes.In this review,we highlight the nuances associated with BG monitoring,including the various indices required to be monitored,BG targets and recent advances in BG monitoring in critically ill patients.

Lowering fasting blood glucose with non-dialyzable material of cranberry extract is dependent on host genetic background,sex and diet

Background:Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a polygenic metabolic disease,character-ized by high fasting blood glucose(FBG).The ability of cranberry(CRN)fruit to regulate glycemia in T2D patients is well known.Here,a cohort of 13 lines of the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross(CC)mouse model was assessed for the effect of non-dialyzable material(NDM)of cranberry extract in lowering fasting blood glucose.Methods:Eight-week-old mice were maintained on either a standard chow diet(con-trol group)or a high-fat diet(HFD)for 12 weeks,followed by injections of intraperi-toneal(IP)NDM(50 mg/kg)per mouse,three times a week for the next 6 weeks.Absolute FBG(mg/dl)was measured bi-weekly and percentage changes in FBG(%FBG)between weeks 0 and 12 were calculated.Results:Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease in FBG between weeks 0 and 12 in male and female mice maintained on CHD.However,a non-significant in-crease in FBG values was observed in male and female mice maintained on HFD dur-ing the same period.Following administration of NDM during the following 6 weeks,the results show a variation in significant levels of FBG lowering between lines,male and female mice and under the different diets.Conclusion:The results suggest that the efficacy of NDM treatment in lowering FGB depends on host genetic background(pharmacogenetics),sex of the mouse(phar-macosex),and diet(pharmacodiet).All these results support the need for follow-up research to better understand and implement a personalized medicine approach/uti-lization of NDM for reducing FBG.

Altered Levels of Blood Glucose and Serum Lipids in Sudanese Patients with Ovarian Cancer

Background: The etiology of ovarian cancer is not well-understood;numerous metabolomics profiling, epidemiological, and hospital-based case control studies have associated abnormal levels of blood glucose and serum lipids with the risk and the prognosis of various types of cancers including ovarian cancer. The association between the risk of the incidence of ovarian cancer and the alterations in the levels of blood glucose and serum lipids is not well defined. Objective: In this study we aimed to compare the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with different stages of ovarian cancer and healthy controls to determine how they relate to the risk and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Methodology: In a case-control cross sectional study, we enrolled ninety-nine Sudanese women, diagnosed with ovarian cancer but had not received any kind of treatment as the study group, and a control group of forty-one age-matched, apparently healthy women. The patients were classified according to the International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists staging system into two groups: early stages (stage I & II) and late stages (stages III & IV). Blood glucose and serum lipids;triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined by enzymatic colorimetric methods using commercially available analytical kits. The IBM SPSS version 20 software was used for statistical analysis. A Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of the median concentrations of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the study groups. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the relative risk of ovarian cancer in relation to levels of blood glucose and serum lipids. P value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Our data indicated significantly higher levels of blood glucose (p < 0.001), triacylglycerols (p = 0.002), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001), and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.023), in ovarian cancer patients compared to the control subjects. No significant difference was found in the levels of blood glucose or any of the serum lipids between patients in the early stages (stage I & II) and those in late stages (stage III & IV) of ovarian cancer. The logistic regression analysis indicated significant association between the elevated levels of the blood glucose, triacylglycerols and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of the ovarian cancer. Conclusion: We conclude that the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol differ significantly between ovarian cancer patients and the healthy control subjects. The risk of ovarian cancer was positively associated with the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and negatively associated with levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Therefore, determination of blood glucose and serum lipids, particularly, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol may be helpful as diagnostic indicators of ovarian cancer (OC).

Intraoperative Blood Glucose Levels and Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Patients Having Congenital Heart Surgery under Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Purpose:This study sought to explore the effect of intraoperative mean blood glucose levels and variability on postoperative acute kidney injury(AKI)in children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery.Methods:We conducted a prospective nested case-control study in children(age<18 years)undergoing congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)at the Fuwai Hospital between April 01,2022 and July 30,2022.Cases were individuals who developed AKI within the first postoperative 7 days(AKI group)and controls were those without AKI(Non-AKI group)according to KDIGO criteria.AKI and Non-AKI groups unmatched and 1:1 matched by age,sex,and baseline serum creatinine were separately analyzed.Multivariate logistic and conditional logistic regressions were used to assess the associations between blood glucose variables and AKI.Results:688 consecutively approached patients were included in the final analysis.On multivariate analysis,intra-CPB(adjusted odds ratio[OR]0.802;95%confidence interval[CI],0.706 to 0.912;p=0.001)and post-CPB(adjusted OR 0.830;95%CI,0.744 to 0.925;p=0.001)blood glucose levels were associated with postoperative AKI.There were no significant differences in pre-CPB blood glucose(adjusted OR 0.926;95%CI,0.759 to 1.129;p=0.446)or intraoperative glycemic fluctuations(adjusted OR 0.905;95%CI,0.723 to 1.132;p=0.382)between AKI and Non-AKI groups.Results based on matched cases and controls were consistent with those from the unmatched analyses.Conclusion:Higher intraoperative blood glucose levels during and after CPB were protective factors against postoperative AKI in pediatric patients after congenital heart surgery.

Detection and management of perioperative blood glucose abnormalities

Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease.With the improvement of living standards,the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in China is increasing.There are now more people with diabetes in China(>100 million)than in any other country.About half of these people with diabetes need to undergo at least one procedure in their lifetime.Diabetic patients have a much higher probability of perioperative dysglycemia than the normal population,which has a great impact on their prognosis.In addition,non-diabetic patients may also have abnormal blood glucose levels due to various reasons during the perioperative period,which will also lead to a series of adverse consequences.This ar ticle reviews the perioperative blood glucose management of patients to provide a reference for improving their health status.

Relationship Between Postprandial Blood Glucose,Fasting Insulin,and Glycated Hemoglobin Levels and Early Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective:To investigate the relationship between postprandial blood glucose(PBG),fasting insulin(FINS),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels and early diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:96 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in our hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into two groups according to the urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER),with 53 cases in the type 2 diabetes group(UAER<30μg/min)and 43 cases in the early diabetic nephropathy group(30μg/min≤UAER<300μg/min).PBG,FINS,and HbA1c levels were detected in 87 healthy patients.Results:The levels of PBG,FINS,and HbA1c in the early diabetic nephropathy group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.01)and the type 2 diabetes group(P<0.01).Conclusion:PBG,FINS,and HbA1c are factors affecting the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes;thus,controlling the levels of PBG,FINS,and HbA1c can effectively prevent the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Effects of binuclear copper(Ⅱ)threonine complex on blood glucose, lipids and protection of the hearts and kidneys in diabetic mice

Aim To study the effects of binuclear copper （Ⅱ） threonine complex （Cu2 （Thr）4） as analogue of superoxide dismutase （SOD） on blood glucose, blood lipids and vessels of hearts and kidneys in diabetic mice. Methods Diabetic mouse model was established by intraperitioneal injection of alloxan. Low, middle, and high doses of Cu2（Thr）4 at 0.002%, 0.02% and 0.1% were given respectively to diabetic mice following lavage. The fasting blood glucose was determined after the diabetic mice were given Cu2 （Thr）4 for 0, 30, and 45 d. The diabetic mice were killed on the 45th day. Then glycosylated hemoglobin （HbAlc） and blood lipids were assayed, and pathologic changes in hearts and kidneys stained with HE were observed. Results Compared with the control group in which the diabetic mice were given distilled water, the value of blood glucose reduced significantly in middle dose group （P 〈 0.01 ）, followed by that in low dose group （P 〈 0.05）. TC level reduced markedly and HDL level increased significantly in all three treatment groups （P 〈 0.05）. Especially in middle dose group, cardiac muscle fibers were neatly arranged, nucleus and cytoplasm well distributed, glomeruli showing normal structure, cells well distributed and staining being normal. Conclusion Cu2 （Thr）4 reduces blood glucose, regulates blood lipids, and play protective action on the vessels of hearts and kidneys in diabetic mice. The effects of it in middle dose were better than those of other doses.

Recovery of Hunger Sensations Associated with Low Preprandial Blood Glucose: An Easy Exit from Diabetes?

Background: Obesity, diabetes, asthma, autism, birth defects, dyslexia, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia have increased in children in the last half century. These increases may depend on the widespread, well known error in energy balance: the unremitting addition of fat at any will (decision) to eat. In most (60%) but not all people, the decision arises as conditioned before energy exhaustion of the energy available from previous meals. After meal suspension for few hours (up to 48 hours), healthy subjects identified the arousal of sensations of hunger that we named Initial Hunger (IH). After this identification, subjects distinguished IH from conditioned sensations before subsequent meals by mental comparison of the current arousal with the remembered IH. BG decreased to 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL and hunger sensations (Initial hunger, IH) arose spontaneously and corresponded to the complete exhaustion of the previous meals. Objective: Not Insulin Dependent (NID) diabetic people differ from fattening people in this: after meal suspension, they do not develop any hunger sensation nor the associated low blood glucose (BG). Methods: Meal suspension lets IH arise and after no arousal, reduction of energy intake. The two subjects consumed meals that provided at least 20 grams of animal protein and up to one kg of not-starchy vegetable (NSV) for 6 to 12 months. At reappearance of IH, we implemented an Initial Hunger Meal Pattern (IHMP). Results: We tried to implement IHMP training in two obese (BMI of 39 and 33) adults out of two consecutive recruitments of subjects who showed high fasting BG. We found an absence of BG decline to 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL and an absence of any hunger sensation after eating suspension. Both subjects lost 13% - 20% of their body weight and recovered 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL of BG and hunger sensations, i.e., went off diabetes. IHMP maintained the decreased body weight in the subsequent months. Conclusion: Diabetes develops for inveterate conditioned intake (when previous energy intake has not been fully exhausted before meals), excessive fattening (with presumed excessive post-absorption emission of fatty acids from fatty tissues), permanent loss of BG decline to 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL and permanent loss of physiological signals of hunger. A healthy, non-diabetic life may be recovered by painless loss of weight up to 20%. The body weight remained stable by implementing IHMP at reappearance of hunger sensations. This costs accurate energy intake planning instead of hunger endurance.

Investigation on Blood Glucose Control Nursing of ICU Severe Patients

Objective:To analyze the effect of blood glucose control mursing in intensive care umit (ICU)patients.Methods:The clinical data of 70 severe patients in ICU of ou hospital fom January 2019 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The climical data of 34 patients with routine intervention were divided into the control group,and the clinical data of 36 patients with routine intervention and blood glucose control mursing were divided into the observation group,all were intervened for 14 days.The blood glucose levels and prognosis of the two groups were compared before intervention and at the end of 14 days of intervention,the time required o achieve the standard blood glucose level of the two groups was recorded Results:After 14 days of intervention,the fasting blood glucose level of the observation group was lower than the control group,the difference was satisically significant(P<0.05);the time of blood glucose reaching the standard in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);on the 14th day of intervention,the sequential organ failure asessment score(SOFA)score of the two groups was lower than before intervention,the SOFA score of the observation group was lower than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The effect of blood glucose control mursing in ICU is better,which effectively controlled the blood glucose level of patients and improved the prognosis of patients.

Meta-analysis about Western Medicine combined with activating blood drugs on modulating blood glucose and lipids in diabetic patients

OBJECTIVE： To assess the effect of activating blood drugs （AB drugs） on blood glucose and lipid levels of diabetic patients METHODS： Systematic searches were conducted on 6 electronic databases and the search time was cut off in May 2016. Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） were included if they investigated diabetic patients who received Western medicine combined withAB drugs in the experimental groups and solitary usage of corresponding Western medicine or placebo in the control groups. 6 outcome measures, which were considered as inclusion, were changes in fasting blood glucose （FBG）, glycosylated haemoglobin A1 c （HbA 1 c）, total triglyceride （TG）, total cholesterol （TC）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-c） and high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-c）. The literature quality was assessed by Cochrane score for risk of bias in Review Manager 5.2, as well as meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS： 7 RCTs comprising 999 patients met all inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed beneficial effects of Western medicine combined with AB drugs on modulating FBG, TC, LDL-c and HDL-c compared with Western medicine or placebo （P〈0.05）, while no difference was observed in HbAlc, and TG （P〉0.05）. To some extent, the therapeutic effects of Western medicine combined with AB drugs were better than that of solitary usage of Western medicine or placebo. Besides, AB drugs were safe and reliable with little toxic and side-effects. CONCLUSIONS： The meta-analysis suggests beneficial effects of Western medicine combined with AB drugs on modulating blood glucose and lipids in diabetic patients.

Dextrose in the banked blood products does not seem to affect the blood glucose levels in patients undergoing liver transplantation

AIM: Hyperglycemia commonly seen in liver transplantation (LT) has often been attributed to the dextrose in the storage solution of blood transfusion products. The purpose of the study is to compare the changes of the blood glucose levels in transfused and non-transfused patients during LT. METHODS: A retrospective study on 60 biliary pediatric patients and 16 adult patients undergoing LT was carried out. Transfused pediatric patients were included in Group Ⅰ (GⅠ), those not transfused in Group Ⅱ (GⅡ). Twelve adult patients were not given transfusion and assigned to Group Ⅲ(GⅢ); whereas, four adult patients who received massive transfusion were assigned to Group Ⅳ (GⅣ). The blood glucose levels, volume of blood transfused, and the volume of crystalloid infused were recorded, compared and analyzed. RESULTS: Results showed that the changes in blood glucose levels during LT for both non-transfused and minimally transfused pediatric groups and non-transfused and massively-transfused adult groups were almost the same. CONCLUSION: We conclude that blood transfusion does not cause significant changes in the blood glucose levels in this study.

Oligosaccharide and Creatine Supplementation on Glucose and Urea Nitrogen in Blood and Serum Creatine Kinase in Basketball Athletes

Summary： The effects of oligosaccharide and creatine （Cr） supplementation on glucose, lactic acid and urea nitrogen levels in blood and activity of serum creatine kinase （CK） were explored. Twenty CUBA male athletes were divided into 4 groups： group A （supplementation of Cr alone）, group B （supplementation of oligosaccharide）, group C （supplementation of oligosaccharide and Cr） and group D （placebo control group）. By using orthogonal L4 table （2a ）, the experiment was performed. There were factors including oligosaccharide （carbohydrate, CHO）, Cr and their correlation. Each factor had two levels： supplementation and no-supplementation. The results showed that the supplementation of CliO or Cr alone, combined supplementation of CHO and Cr could significantly reduce the glucose, urea nitrogen levels in blood and serum CK activity after competition in the athletes. Moreover, the effects of combined supplementation of CHO and Cr were more satisfactory. It was concluded that supplementation of CliO and Cr could promote the recovery of physical performance and athletic abilities after athletics in basketball athletes.

Is nonlinear model predictive control with fuzzy predictive model proper for managing the blood glucose level in typeI diabetes?

In recent decades, due to the increasing risk of diabetes, the measurement and control of the blood sugar is of great importance. In typeI diabetes, because of the lack of insulin secretion, the cells cannot absorb glucose, and thus have a low level of glucose. To control blood glucose, the insulin must be injected to the body. In fact, the injection must be in a completely controlled environment. If the level of the insulin exceeds the physiological limits, it may cause death. This paper presents an online approach to control the blood glucose level using a nonlinear model predictive control. This method, maintains the level of blood glucose concentration within a normal range. Thus, the blood glucose level is measured in each minute and predicted for the next time interval. If that is not in the normal range, amount of the insulin which must be injected will be determined. The proposed control approach includes important features such as model uncertainties and prevents acute decrease in the blood glucose level, and instability. In order to assess performance of the proposed controller, computer simulations have been carried out in Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results will reveal the effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear model predictive controller in adjusting the blood glucose level by injecting required insulin. So if the nutrition of the person decreases instantly, the hypoglycemia does not happen.

Estimation of Diabetes Prevalence, and Evaluation of Factors Affecting Blood Glucose Levels and Use of Medications in Japan

Background: Diabetes is a noncommunicable disease caused by high levels of blood glucose, and it is currently one of the most important public health problems in the world. It is important to know the prevalence of diabetes, the factors affecting blood glucose levels, and the percentage of people with diabetes taking medications. Data and Methods Data and Methods: We analyzed the distribution of blood glucose levels and prevalence of diabetes using 10,917,173 observations obtained from the JMDC Claims Database in Japan. The factors that may affect blood glucose levels were analyzed by a regression model using 5,472,205 observations. Treatment with diabetes medications was analyzed with 9,932,854 and 5,466,361 observations using a method to approximate the inverse of probability by a continuous piecewise linear function. Results: The prevalence of diabetes in 2019 was estimated to be 9.63% in males and 5.33% in females ages 20 - 79;10.78% and 7.04% for ages 20 - 89;and 10.93% and 7.65% for ages 20 - 99, respectively. In addition to age and gender, the important variables affecting blood glucose levels were BMI, SBP, Triglyceride, ALT, AST and GGP. The percentage taking medications increased up to a blood glucose level of around 175 mg/dL, but declined over that. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes in Japan was estimated using a very large dataset, and considering age, gender, and time trends. Some variables may be effective for controlling blood glucose levels. Nearly half of those at a serious stage of diabetes took no medications. Proper medical care for these individuals is necessary to prevent worsening diabetes and serious complications. Limitations: The dataset was observatory, and did not include those age 80 or over. Revising medical care systems to include those outside of hospitals is necessary;however, practical approaches have not yet been developed.