Rock-forming mechanism of Qingshanjiao intrusion in Dongguashan copper(gold) deposit, Tongling area, Anhui province, China

Dongguashan deposit is a large porphyry-skarn copper（gold） deposit in Tongling ore district. The Qingshanjiao intermediate acid intrusion of Yanshanian had a direct genetic relationship with mineralization. The magma origin, rock-forming dynamic background and rock-forming process were studied, and the rock-forming mechanism of Qingshanjiao intrusion was discussed, based on geological characteristics, detailed observation of petrography and systematic investigation of petrochemistry, trace elements and REE geochemistry characteristics of Qingshanjiao intrusion. The results show that Qingshanjiao rock body belongs to high-K calc-alkaline series with higher LREE elements, Th, Rb and Sr abundance, but depleted in HREE elements, Ba, Nb and Ta. The primary magma originated from the mantle-crust mixtures which were caused by basaltic magma of mantle mixing with syenite magma of partial melting of the lower crust, and the formation environment of Qingshanjiao intrusion was emplaced in the transitional environment from compression to extension. The Harker diagram and hybrid structures of plagioclase and potassium feldspar indicate that the fractional crystallization occurred in the process of magmatic evolution. The petrochemistry, trace elements and REE geochemistry characteristics indicate that the magma was contaminated by crustal material during the rock-forming. These results suggested that the Qingshanjiao intrusion was formed by fractional crystallization and assimilation and hybridization of mantle-crust magma in the transitional environment from compression to extensional.

Genetic Types and Metallogenic Model for the Polymetallic Copper–Gold Deposits in the Tongling Ore District, Anhui Province, Eastern China

The Tongling ore district is one of the most economically important ore areas in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, eastern China. It contains hundreds of polymetallic copper–gold deposits and occurrences. Those deposits are mainly clustered(from west to east) within the Tongguanshan, Shizishan, Xinqiao, Fenghuangshan, and Shatanjiao orefields. Until recently, the majority of these deposits were thought to be skarn-or porphyry–skarn-type deposits; however there have been recent discoveries of numerous vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb-Zn deposits that do not fall into either of these categories. This indicates that there is some uncertainty over this classification. Here, we present the results of several systematic geological studies of representative deposits in the Tongling ore district. From investigation of the ore-controlling structures, lithology of the host rock, mineral assemblages, and the characteristics of the mineralization and alteration within these deposits, three genetic types of deposits(skarn-, porphyry-, and vein-type deposits) have been identified. The spatial and temporal relationships between the orebodies and Yanshanian intrusions combined with the sources of the ore-forming fluids and metals, as well as the geodynamic setting of this ore district, indicate that all three deposit types are genetically related each other and constitute a magmatic–hydrothermal system. This study outlines a model that relates the polymetallic copper–gold porphyry-, skarn-, and vein-type deposits within the Tongling ore district. This model provides a theoretical basis to guide exploration for deep-seated and concealed porphyry-type Cu(–Mo, –Au) deposits as well as shallow vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb–Zn deposits in this area and elsewhere.

Geological and Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of the Shaxi Porphyry Copper (Gold) Deposits, Anhui Province

The Shaxi porphyry copper (gold) deposits are a typical example of porphyry copper deposits associated with diorite in eastern China. Quartz diorite, which hosts the deposits, has a Rb-Sr isochron age of 127.9 ± 1.6 Ma. Geochemically, the rock is rich in alkalis (especially sodium), light rare earth elements (LREE) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILE), and has a relatively low initial strontium isotopic ratio (Isr=0.7058); thus it is the product of differentiation of crust-mantle mixing source magma. The model of alteration and mineralization zoning is similar to the Hollister (1974) diorite model. The ore fluids have a relatively high salinity and contain significant amounts of CO2, Ca2+, Na+ and ***CI?. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions for the main mineralization stage range from 280 to 420°C, the δ18O values of the ore fluids vary from 3.51 to 5.52 %, the δD values are in the range between ?82.4 and ?59.8 %, the δ34S values of sulphides vary from ?0.3 to 2.49 %, and the δ13C values of CO2 in inclusions range between ?2.66 and ?6.53 %. Isotope data indicate that the hydrothermal ore fluids and ore substances of the Shaxi porphyry copper (gold) deposits were mainly derived from magmatic systems.

Enrichment of Platinum-group Elements(PGE) and Re-Os Isotopic Tracing for Porphyry Copper(Gold) Deposits

Platinum-group elements （PGE） in PGE-rich porphyry copper （gold） deposits are mainly Pt and Pd, whereas the concentrations of other PGE （Ru, Rh, Os, Ir） are significantly low. Moreover, Pt and Pd mainly exist in sulfides in the forms of crystal lattice or tiny platinum-group mineral （PGM） inclusions. The present data show that there is a positive relationship between Pt and Pd concentrations and Cu （Au） in porphyry copper （gold） deposits. The comparison of chondrite-normalized PGE distribution patterns between the ore-bearing porphyry intrusions and ore-barren porphyry intrusions in arc setting, 187^Os/188^Os, 87^Sr/86^Sr and S isotopes for porphyry copper （gold） deposits shows that PGEs were mainly derived from the mantle, and fluids from subduction zones devoted trivial PGE to the magma. The porphyry copper （gold） deposits associated with subducted events are most probably enriched in PGE, whereas those related to crustal thickening, lithospheric delamination or underplating rarely concentrate PGE. The osmium isotopic compositions in porphyry copper （gold） deposits reveal that （187^Os/188^Os）i values are highly variable and not lower than those of primitive upper mantle （PUM） and mantle peridotite, however, osmium concentrations are commonly lower than mantle peridotite, suggesting that parental magmas of some porphyry intrusions had experienced crustal contamination during magma evolution. Experimental investigations have proved that PGE exist in the forms of Cl^- and HS^- complexes during transportation and migration of the oreforming fluids. This paper summarizes previous studies including crucial controlling factors and mechanisms for PGE enrichment, and points out that the mantle-derived magmas parental to porphyry intrusions are the prerequisite for PGE enrichment in porphyry copper （gold） deposits. Favorable physical and chemical conditions （including salinity, temperature, pressure, pH, and oxygen fugacity） in hydrothermal fluids crucially control the PGE enrichment, and sulfur concentrations of melts play important roles in this process as well.

Metallogeny of Shoshonite-Hosted Copper-Gold Deposits in Middle-South Parts of Tancheng-Lujiang Deep Fault Zone and Its Vicinity, Eastern China

The middle south parts of Tancheng Lujiang deep fault zone and its vicinity are an important locality of Cu Au deposits related to Mesozoic volcanic subvolcanic magmatism in eastern China. According to their metallogenic features and ore forming conditions, copper gold deposits in this district are ascribed to two groups: the epithermal group which can be further divided into tellurium gold type, quartz adularia type and quartz manganoansiderite type; the magmatic hydrothermal group which includes porphyry Cu Au deposit, breccia pipe porphyry type Au Cu deposit and skarn type Au Cu deposit. In this paper, characteristics of six typical shoshonite hosted Cu Au deposits are outlined. Additionally, the factors that control the metallogenesis and distribution of these Cu Au deposits are discussed preliminarily.

The geology, structure and mineralisation of the Oyu Tolgoi porphyry copper-gold-molybdenum deposits, Mongolia： A review

The Oyu Tolgoi cluster of seven porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits in southern Mongolia,define a narrow,linear,12 km long,almost continuously mineralised trend,which contains in excess of 42 Mt of Cu and1850 t of Au,and is among the largest high grade porphyry Cu-Au deposits in the world.These deposits lie within the Gurvansayhan island-arc terrane,a fault bounded segment of the broader Silurian to Carboniferous Kazakh-Mongol arc,located towards the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,a collage of magmatic arcs that were periodically active from the late Neoproterozoic to PermoTriassic,extending from the Urals Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.Mineralisation at Oyu Tolgoi is associated with multiple,overlapping,intrusions of late Devonian（～372 to 370 Ma） quartzmonzodiorite intruding Devonian（or older） juvenile,probably intra-oceanic arc-related,basaltic lavas and lesser volcaniclastic rocks,unconformably overlain by late Devonian（～370 Ma） basaltic to dacitic pyroclastic and volcano sedimentary rocks.These quartz-monzodiorite intrusions range from earlymineral porphyritic dykes,to larger,linear,syn-,late- and post-mineral dykes and stocks.Ore was deposited within syn-mineral quartz-monzodiorites,but is dominantly hosted by augite basalts and to a lesser degree by overlying dacitic pyroclastic rocks.Following ore deposition,an allochthonous plate of older Devonian（or pre-Devonian） rocks was overthrust and a post-ore biotite granodiorite intruded at～365 Ma.Mineralisation is characterised by varying,telescoped stages of intrusion and alteration.Early A-type quartz veined dykes were followed by Cu-Au mineralisation associated with potassic alteration,mainly K-feldspar in quartz-monzodiorite and biotite-magnetite in basaltic hosts.Downward reflux of cooled,late-magmatic hydrothermal fluid resulted in intense quartz-sericite retrograde alteration in the upper parts of the main syn-mineral intrusions,and an equivalent chlorite-muscovite/illite-hematite assemblage in basaltic host rocks.Uplift,facilitated by syn-mineral longitudinal faulting,brought sections of the porphyry deposit to shallower depths,to be overprinted and upgraded by late stage,shallower,advanced argillic alteration and high sulphidation mineralisation.Key controls on the location,size and grade of the deposit cluster include（i） a long-lived,narrow faulted corridor;（ii） multiple pulses of overlapping intrusion within the same structure;and（iii） enclosing reactive,mafic dominated wall rocks,focussing ore.

Chemical and stable isotopic geochemical characteristics of ore-forming fluid of the Shizishan copper and gold ore-field,Tongling,China

Shizishan ore-field is a nonferrous and noble metal ore-field which is most rich in copper and gold.There are many types of fluid inclusions in minerals of the deposits.The homogeneous temperatures and the salinities of the fluid inclusions in main mineralization stages have wide ranges,while the different types of the fluid inclusions existed together and their homogeneous temperatures are almost identical in the same mineralization stage,which indicates that the ore-forming process has great relation with the fluid boiling.The gas and liquid chemical compositions and the carbon,hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the fluid inclusions show that the ore-forming fluids of copper-gold deposits have the same characteristics and evolution tendency,which reflects that the ore-forming material mainly came from the magmatism.The stratigraphic component and the meteoric water may mix in ore- forming fluids in the later mineralization stages.Furthermore,with the fall of the ore-forming temperature the ratios of water and rock decreased.The characteristics of chemical composition and carbon isotopic composition of fluid inclusions indicate that CH4 may play an important role for separating copper and gold in the ore-forming process.

Characteristics and origin of ore-forming fluids of Jinchangqing gold (copper) ore deposit (s) in Xiangyun, Yunnan Province

On the basis of results of the studies of primary fluid inclusions, and the hydrogen and oxygen isotope data, the authors concluded that the early-stage ore-forming fluid from the Jinchangqing gold (copper) ore deposit is a kind of sulfate type hot brine characterized by medium temperature and salinity, genetically related to the late-stage ore-forming fluid derived from an acidic and more reductive environment. However, the late-stage ore-forming fluid is a sort of low temperature and low salinity chloride-type hot brine which originated from a lower pressure, acidic and more oxidative environment. In general, the ore fluids were derived from the late-stage, or largely from the early-stage groundwater-derived meteoric water, which has a 12‰-17‰ heavier oxygen isotopic composition than the original rain water (δ{}+{18}O={-15.3‰}), and were formed during gold mineralization as a product of oxygen isotope exchange during the reaction between ore-forming fluid and wall rocks under a lower water/rock ratio condition.

Chronology and Crust-Mantle Mixing of Ore-forming Porphyry of the Bangongco: Evidence from Zircon U-Pb Age and Hf Isotopes of the Naruo Porphyry Copper-Gold Deposit

The Naruo porphyry copper-gold deposit （hereinafter referred to as the Naruo deposit） in Tibet is a potentially ultra-large, typical gold-rich porphyry copper deposit, which was recently discovered in the Bangongco-Nujiang metallogenic belt. This study analyzed U-Ph chronology and Hf isotopes of the ore-bearing granodiorite porphyry in the Naruo deposit using the LA-ICPMS dating technique. The results show that the weighted average age is 124.03±0.94Ma （MSWD=1.7, n=20）, and 2±6pb/23SU isocbron age is 126.2±2.7 Ma （MSWD=1.02, n=20）, both of which are within the error. The weighted average age represents the crystallization age of the granodiorite porphyry, which indicates that the ore-bearing porphyry in the Naruo deposit area was formed in the Early Cretaceous and further implies that the Neo-tethys Ocean had not been closed before 124 Ma under a typical island-arc subduction environment. The εGr（t） of zircons from the granodiorite porphyry varies from 2.14 to 9.07, with an average of 5.18, and all zircons have εRf（t） values greater than 0; 176Hf/177Hf ratio is relatively high （0.282725-0.282986）. Combined with the zircon age--Hf isotope correlation diagram, the aforementioned data indicate that the source reservoir might be a region that is mixed with depleted mantle and ancient crust, which possibly contains more materials sourced from depleted mantle. Rock-forming ages and ore-forming ages of the Duolong ore concentrate area are 120-124 Ma and 118-119 Ma, respectively, which indicate 124-118 Ma represents the main rockforming and ore-forming stage within the area. The Naruo deposit is located in the north of the Bangongco-Nujiang suture, and it yielded a zircon LA-ICPMS age of 124.03 Ma. This indicates the Bangongco-Nujiang oceanic basin subducted towards the north at about 124 Ma, and the Neo-tethys Ocean had not been closed before the middle Early Cretaceous. It is possible that the crust-mantle mixing formed the series of large and giant porphyry copper-gold deposits in the Bangongco.

Molecular recognition by gold, silver and copper nanoparticles

The intrinsic physical properties of the noble metal nanoparticles,which are highly sensitive to the nature of their local molecular environment,make such systems ideal for the detection of molecular recognition events.The current review describes the state of the art concerning molecular recognition of Noble metal nanoparticles.In the first part the preparation of such nanoparticles is discussed along with methods of capping and stabilization.A brief discussion of the three common methods of functionalization:Electrostatic adsorption;Chemisorption;Affinity-based coordination is given.In the second section a discussion of the optical and electrical properties of nanoparticles is given to aid the reader in understanding the use of such properties in molecular recognition.In the main section the various types of capping agents for molecular recognition;nucleic acid coatings,protein coatings and molecules from the family of supramolecular chemistry are described along with their numerous applications.Emphasis for the nucleic acids is on complementary oligonucleotide and aptamer recognition.For the proteins the recognition properties of antibodies form the core of the section.With respect to the supramolecular systems the cyclodextrins,calix[n]arenes,dendrimers,crown ethers and the cucurbitales are treated in depth.Finally a short section deals with the possible toxicity of the nanoparticles,a concern in public health.

Influence of copper minerals on cyanide leaching of gold

The paper thermodynamically examined the behavior of various copper minerals in cyanide solu tions and investigated the influence of copper minerals on cyanide leaching of gold. In elucidating the influence of copper minerals on cyanide leaching of gold, copper minerals were classified into two types according to their solubility in cyanide solutions by proposing two concepts, cyaniding easily soluble copper (E Cu ) and cyaniding insoluble copper. The former involves copper occurrence in metal, oxides and secondary sulfides, and the latter refers mainly to primary sulfides. Experimental results show that not all the total copper in an ore affected cyanide leaching of gold, while cyaniding easily soluble copper turns out to be the decisive factor that interferes with gold cyanidation by causing decrease in gold cyanidation recovery and increase in cyanide consumption. When cyaniding easily soluble copper content ( w E(Cu) ) lies in the range of 0 0.25%, it linearly affects gold cyanidation recovery ( R ) as well as cyanide consumption ( m c). The regression equations have been worked out to be R (%)=94.177 5-142.735 7 w E(Cu) with a correlation coefficient of -0.902 and m c=5.590 7+33.572 9 w E(Cu) with a correlation coefficient of 0.945, respectively.

Formation of the adakite-like granitoid complex and porphyry copper-gold deposit in Shaxi from southern Tancheng-Lujiang fault belt: A clue to the West Pacific plate subduction

On the basis of the geological and geochemical studies, including chemical analysis of bulk rocks, rare-earth and trace element studies, fluid inclusion, and S and O isotopic analyses, the authors described the geological background of the deposit in detail and presented significant proofs for the conditions of formation of the Shaxi porphyry copper-gold deposit. Compared with other large and supper-large porphyry copper deposits in China and the adjacent Cu-Au mineralized areas, the ore-forming processes and conditions were analyzed; and the possibility of forming large porphyry copper deposits in the Shaxi area was discussed. The present study indicated that the ore-forming fluid and material were mainly of magmatic origin, while meteoric water played a certain role in the ore-forming processes. Interactions between subducting and overriding plates provided a major driving force for the formation of igneous rocks and the deposition of metal elements in East China since Jurassic. Based on the geo- chemical data of the Shaxi intrusive, it is found that the copper (gold) mineralization is closely related to the genesis of adakite-like intrusive in the Shaxi area. This adakite-like intrusive was formed in the subduction environment as a result of the subduction of the West Pacific plate toward the East China continent, where there is a great potentiality to form a large porphyry copper deposit.

SELECTIVE COPPER REMOVAL FROM CUPRIFEROUS GOLD CONCENTRATE

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Ordovician Intrusive-related Gold-Copper Mineralization in West-Central New South Wales, Australia

Three major types of Ordovician intrusive-related gold-copper deposits are recognized in central-west New South Wales, Australia: porphyry, skarn and high sulphidation epithermal deposits. These deposits are mainly distributed within two Ordovician volcano-intrusive belts of the Lachlan Fold Belt: the Orange-Wellington Belt and the Parkes-Narromine Belt. Available isotopic age data suggest that mineralization of the three types of deposits is essentially coeval with the Ordovician intrusive rocks (480-430 Ma).Porphyry gold-copper deposits can be further divided into two groups. The first group is associated with monzonite showing shoshonitic features, represented by Cadia and Goonumbla. The second group is associated with diorite and dacite, including the Copper Hill and Cargo gold-copper deposits. Gold skarn is associated with Late Ordovician (430-439 Ma) monzonitic intrusive complexes in the Junction Reefs area (Sheahan-Grants, Frenchmans, and Cor-nishmens), Endeavour 6, 7 and 44, Big and Little Cadia. The epithermal gold deposits with high sulphidation including Gidginbung (Temora) and Peak Hill mainly occur within Ordovician andesite and volcaniclastic rocks, and are associated with advanced argillic alteration. Available isotopic age data indicate that both alteration and mineralization of the porphyry, skarn and epithermal gold-copper deposits are broadly coeval with the Late Ordovician shoshonitic magmatism, which is thought to result from the melting of sub-continental lithosphere caused by Palaeozoic subduction events.The Ordovician intrusive-related gold-copper deposits are restricted to two longitudinal parallel volcano-intrusive belts, rarely extending outside them. Diagonal intra-belt trends of mineralization are common, particularly at the intersections of longitudinal and transverse (oblique) fault/fracture zones based on the authors' review of available geological data. The locations of these gold-copper deposits are obviously influenced by transverse (oblique) fault/fracture zones that are oriented northwest, eastwest and northeast. The conjunctions of these fault/fractures zones are thought to be zones of structural weakness, and appear to be the favourable locus for the Ordovician intrusive-related gold-copper deposits. Differences in structural patterns, intrusive, wall rock types, and depths of ore formation may contribute to the differences among the deposits.

ENHANCING GOLD EXTRACTION FROM COPPER BEARING ORES

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Copper and Gold Mineralization Features in Deh Bala Region—South of Takestan

The studied area is located in 30th km of Bouien-Zahra road in Saveh in southern border of Khiaraj 1:100,000 Geology map rectangle (Danesfahan) in South of Takestan of Iran. This area is a part of volcano-plutonic belt of Urumia-Dokhtar. Rocky outcrops in this area are mainly in two types of volcanic and plutonic. Volcanic Rocks with the age of Eocene are Trachyte to trachyandesite and andesite to basalt-andesite. Plutonic stones with the age of Oligo-Miocene to Miocene are in types of quartz diorite, quartz monzonite, Monzonite and Semi-acidic volcanic domes and granite aplite. Due to having dominant fault systems with trends of NW-SE and NE-SW in an intersectional manner in this area, vein-veinlets Siliciclastic sulfide mineralization can be observed in line with the same faults. Monzonite intrusive rocks are considered as host stone of these mineralizations. The information obtained from field observations and laboratory studies confirms the main alteration along with mineralization in types of silicic and pyrite, sericite, carbonate, argillic and propylitic. Mineralogy Paragenesis in the study area includes Pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, colitis, malachite, hematite and goethite and the most important Gang minerals including quartz, calcite, albite, sericite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite, epidote, alunite and jarosite, and according to carried out studies, copper, gold and silver are among mineralizing elements and elements such as molybdenum, cadmium, arsenic and mercury show anomalies as accompanying and guidance elements in some of the samples. The grade of copper in this area in sulfide siliciclastic veins is 1% to 3% and the grade of gold is 130 ppm and the grade of silver is reportable from 0.5 ppm to 6 ppm. Based on the geothermometry studies of fluid inclusions, homogenization temperature from 150°C?to 300°C?and the salinity grade from 4 to 5.5 percent indicate the fact that an epithermal hydrothermal system in final stages controls the mineralization of the area.

METALLOGENIC ANALYSIS OF THE DEXING COPPER-GOLD-LEAD-ZINC POLYMETALLIC DEPOSITS, JIANGXI PROVINCE, CHINA

The paper discusses the tectonic setting of the fortnation of the Dexing giant copper-gold-lead-zinc deposit and its geological features and demonstrates in detail the polygenetic compound mechanism of its formation.

Genetic Analogy Between Sediment-Hosted Gold Deposits and Sediment-Hosted Copper Deposits in Southwest China

The sediment-hosted copper deposits, according to the authors’ study, were formedfrom connate formation water during the post-sedimentary or diagenetic stage while the sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposits are unanimously considered to be of post-sedirnentaryhydrothermal origin. Therefore, apart from their own individualities, these two types of deposits must share some characters in common. Comparisons are attempted, in this paper, between the sediment-hosted copper deposits in southwest China and the Triassic sedimenl-hosteddisseminated gold deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Triangle in terms of geological andgeochemical features.

安徽宣城矿集区控矿构造特征及其深部找矿指示意义

宣城矿集区因近年发现了茶亭斑岩型铜金矿、长山热液型铅锌矿等大-中型矿产地而成为长江中下游成矿带较热门矿集区之一。通过详细的野外调查和系统分析,本文厘定了研究区北东向构造格架为一条深大断裂带、两个坳陷盆地、三条逆冲推覆构造带,其中推覆构造带由多个自南东向北西运动的倒转复式褶皱和叠瓦状逆冲岩席组成。根据典型矿床控矿构造解析,明确了江南深大断裂和深部主推覆构造是区内一级控岩控矿构造,北东向断裂带及其次级构造、推覆体上盘倒转褶皱转折端和翼部、层间破碎带、五通组与黄龙-船山组的“硅钙面”、燕山晚期中酸性侵入岩与碳酸盐岩的接触带等为区内重要的控矿、容矿构造,并据此提出了该区下一步深部找矿方向。

西藏多龙斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜(金)矿集区地质特征及找矿潜力分析

本文在总结多龙矿集区地质特征的基础上,开展了矿山深边部的潜力分析,以期为下一步的找矿预测提供勘查思路。多龙斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜(金)矿集区位于西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带的北西侧,主要由铁格隆南超大型斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜(金)矿床,拿若大型斑岩-隐爆角砾岩筒型铜(金)矿床,多不杂、波龙、多不杂西大型斑岩型铜(金)矿床,尕尔勤、地堡那木岗高硫化浅成低温热液型铜(金)矿点组成,共探获铜资源量超过1500万t,伴生金超250 t,伴生银3900 t。多龙矿集区形成于早白垩世(120 Ma)班公湖-怒江洋盆北向俯冲的陆缘弧环境,物质源区为壳幔混合源,成矿岩浆岩主要为中酸性的闪长玢岩-花岗闪长斑岩-花岗斑岩系列,具有弧岩浆特征。俯冲板片的折返是多龙矿集区深部岩浆形成和侵位的主要动力学机制,成矿后安山质火山岩(110 Ma)的覆盖对矿床起到重要的保存作用。多不杂矿区F2逆断层将矿体分割成上、下两部分,下部分矿体是找矿的重点方向。铁格隆南矿区深钻揭露了由南向北的逆冲断层,该逆冲断层将矿体错断并推覆到“红层”沉积之上,其下盘是寻找另一半隐伏矿体的方向。尕尔勤矿区大面积发育指示浅成低温热液成矿系统的“硅帽”,明显富集Au、Ag、As、Sb、Bi、Cu等元素,Au、As、Sb、Hg等呈现较好的元素组合异常,具有寻找浅成低温热液型矿床的潜力。地堡那木岗矿区发育高硫化浅成低温热液型蚀变(高岭石化、地开石化、明矾石化等)和矿物组合(铜蓝、蓝辉铜矿、斑铜矿等),且物探、化探、遥感异常套合良好,是未来矿产勘查的重点。区内逆冲断层对矿床的改造作用是未来研究的重点,对进一步的勘查评价具有重要的指导意义。