Newly Discovered Native Gold and Bismuth in the Cihai Iron-Cobalt Deposit, Eastern Tianshan, Northwest China

The Cihai iron-cobalt deposit is located in the southern part of the eastern Tianshan iron- polymetallic metallogenic belt. Anomalous native gold and bismuth have been newly identified in Cinan mining section of the Cihai deposit. Ore formation in the deposit can be divided into three stages based on geological and petrographical observations： （I） skarn, with the main mineral assemblage being garnet-pyroxene-magnetite; （II） retrograde alteration, forming the main iron ores and including massive magnetite, native gold, native bismuth, and cobalt-bearing minerals, with the main mineral assemblage being ilvaite-magnetite-native gold-native bismuth; and （III） quartz-calcite- sulfide assemblage that contains quartz, calcite, pyrrhotite, cobaltite, and safflorite. Native gold mainly coexists with native bismuth, and they are paragenetically related. The temperature of initial skarn formation was higher than 340~C, and then subsequently decreased to -312~C and ~266~C. The temperature of the hydrothermal fluid during the iron ore depositional event was higher than the melting point of native bismuth （271~C）, and native bismuth melt scavenged gold in the hydrothermal fluid, forming a Bi-Au melt. As the temperature decreased, the Bi-Au melt was decomposed into native gold and native bismuth. The native gold and native bismuth identified during this study can provide a scientific basis for prospecting and exploration for both gold- and bismuth-bearing deposits in the Cihai mining area. The gold mineralization in Cihai is a part of the Early Permian Cu-Ni-Au-Fe polymetallic ore-forming event, and its discovery has implications for the resource potential of other iron skarn deposits in the eastern Tianshan.

DISSOLUTION THEORY OF GOLD IN ALKALINE THIOUREA SOLUTION(Ⅱ)——Electrochemical Study on Au-Fe Mix Anode in Alkaline Thiourea Solution Containing Na_2SO_3

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The conjunction of factors that lead to formation of giant gold provinces and deposits in non-arc settings

It is quite evident that it is not anomalous metal transport,nor unique depositional conditions,nor any single factor at the deposit scale,that dictates whether a mineral deposit becomes a giant or not.A hierarchical approach thus is required to progressively examine controlling parameters at successively decreasing scales in the total mineral system to understand the location of giant gold deposits in non-arc environments.For giant orogenic,intrusion-related gold systems（IRGS） and Carlin-type gold deposits and iron oxide-copper-gold（IOCG） deposits,there are common factors among all of these at the lithospheric to crustal scale.All are sited in giant gold provinces controlled by complex fundamental fault or shear zones that follow craton margins or,in the case of most Phanerozoic orogenic giants,define the primary suture zones between tectonic terranes.Giant provinces of IRGS,IOCG,and Carlin-type deposits require melting of metasomatized lithosphere beneath craton margins with ascent of hybrid lamprophyric to granitic magmas and associated heat flux to generate the giant province.The IRGS and IOCG deposits require direct exsolution of volatile-rich magmatic-hydrothermal fluids,whereas the association of such melts with Carlin-type ores is more indirect and enigmatic.Giant orogenic gold provinces show no direct relationship to such magmatism.forming from metamorphic fluids,but show an indirect relationship to lamprophyres that reflect the mantle connectivity of controlling first-order structures.In contrast to their province scale similarities,the different giant gold deposit styles show contrasting critical controls at the district to deposit scale.For orogenic gold deposits,the giants appear to have formed by conjunction of a greater number of parameters to those that control smaller deposits,with resultant geometrical and lithostratigraphic complexity as a guide to their location.There are few giant IRGS due to their inferior fluid-flux systems relative to orogenic gold deposits,and those few giants are essentially preservational exceptions.Many Carlin-type deposits are giants due to the exceptional conjunction of both structural and lithological parameters that caused reactive and permeable rocks,enriched in syngenetic gold,to be located below an impermeable cap along antiformal ＂trends＂.Hydrocarbons probably played an important role in concentrating metal.The supergiant Post-Betze deposit has additional ore zones in strain heterogeneities surrounding the pre-gold Goldstrike stock.All unequivocal IOCG deposits are giant or near-giant deposits in terms of gold-equivalent resources,partly due to economic factors for this relatively poorly understood,low Cu-Au grade deposit type.The supergiant Olympic Dam deposit,the most shallowly formed deposit among the larger IOCGs,probably owes its origin to eruption of volatile-rich hybrid magma at surface,with formation of a large maar and intense and widespread brecciation,alteration and Cu-Au-U deposition in a huge rock volume.

Experimental Study on Gold Dissolution from Hosting Minerals of the Hadamengou Gold Deposit and the Implications

The Hadamengou gold deposit is located in western part of the northern margin of the North China craton. It is a hydrothermal deposit related to alkaline magmatism. Dissolution of Au, Fe from pyrite and iron oxide （including magnetite and hematite） individual minerals in the three main types of ore shows： in iron oxides （magnetite and hematite）, Au and Fe were dissolved simultaneously and their solubilities are positively correlated, which means Au is mainly chemical-bonded （lattice gold） and/or colloidal-adsorbed in iron oxides; while in pyrite, on the contrary, Au dissolution obviously lags behind Fe and the solubility of Au shows negative relationship with that of Fe, which indicates Au is mainly hosted as grains of elemental gold （or native gold） within pyrite. Previous studies revealed that the Hadamengou gold deposit is characterized by intensive K-feldspathization and holds high content of iron oxides occasionally replaced by sulfides, which was caused by oxidizing K-enriched alkaline fluids under a stretching geodynamic setting. These geological features, together with the high Au-content in iron oxides, comparable with that of the Olympic Dam deposit in South Australia, suggest that this deposit is the first example of iron oxide-type gold deposits in China.

Gold Catalysts Supported on Crystalline Fe_2O_3 and CeO_2/Fe_2O_3 for Low-temperature CO Oxidation

High active and stable gold catalysts supported on crystalline Fe203 and CeO2/Fe2O3 were prepared via the deposition-precipitation method. The catalyst with a Au load of 1.0% calcined at 180 ℃ showed a CO conversion of 100% at -8.9℃, while Au/CeO2/Fe2O3 converted CO completely at -16.1 ℃. Even having been calcined at 500 ℃, Au/Fe2O3 still exhibited significant catalytic activity, achieving full conversion of CO at 61.6℃. The catalyst with a low Au load of 0.5% could convert CO completely at room temperature and kept the activity unchanged for at least 150 h. N2 adsorption-desorption measurements show that the crystalline supports possessed a high specific surface area of about 200 m2/g. Characterizations of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy indicate that gold species were highly dispersed as nano or sub-nano particles on the supports. Even after the catalyst was calcined at 500 ℃, the Au particles remained in a nano-size of about 6--10 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectra reveal that the supported Au existed in metallic state Au0. The modification of Au/Fe2O3 by CeO2 proved to be beneficial to the inhibition of crystallization of Fe2O3 and the stabilization of gold particles in dispersed state, consequently promoting catalytic activity.

冀东地区尾矿资源调查及综合利用建议

河北省是我国矿产资源大省,尤其是冀东地区的矿产资源开发导致大量尾矿堆存,亟需开展尾矿资源调查和综合利用,实现尾矿的资源化、减量化和无害化。本文调查了冀东地区尾矿和废石的堆存情况,分析了冀东地区典型铁尾矿和金尾矿物理化学性质,提出了综合利用建议。研究结果表明,冀东地区尾矿和废石堆存量分别为33831万m3和108637万m3;尾矿以铁尾矿、金尾矿为主,堆存量分别为33079万m3和752万m3。冀东地区典型铁尾矿中,除水厂铁矿尾泥、司家营铁矿(2#尾矿库)尾矿和清河沿铁矿尾矿外,其他铁尾矿粒径较大,砂粒(2.00~0.05 mm)占比>89%。冀东地区铁尾矿属于高硅低铝型尾矿,除了清河沿铁矿尾矿和黄槐玉铁矿尾矿外,其他铁尾矿SiO2占比>70%。铁尾矿中矿物以石英为主(>43%),其次为黑云母、微斜长石、斜长石、角闪石、白云石和透辉石等。对于冀东地区金尾矿,三家金矿和金厂峪金矿以砂粒为主,均超过90%,其他金尾矿粒径相对较细。冀东地区金尾矿为长英岩型尾矿,SiO2含量明显较铁尾矿低(57.69%~68.65%),而Al2O3含量明显较铁尾矿高(9.32%~16.09%)。金尾矿中主要矿物为石英、斜长石、黑云母、绢云母等,其中,斜长石占比明显较铁尾矿高。根据冀东地区铁尾矿性质,建议将大粒径铁尾矿作为建筑砂,细粒尾矿作为建材原料实现综合利用,剩余尾矿可进行土地复垦。对于金尾矿,建议首先进行井下填充,其次作为建材原料实现综合利用。该研究对冀东地区尾矿资源综合利用具有一定的指导意义。

基于金纳米棒刻蚀比色法检测铁、铜离子

采用种子生长法制备金纳米棒(AuNRs)以构建光学传感器,用于Fe^(3+)和Cu^(2+)的高选择性快速可视化检测。在酸性环境中,Fe^(3+)和Cu^(2+)通过与KI溶液反应,将I-氧化成I2。I2刻蚀AuNRs,导致其纵向表面等离子体共振(LSPR)吸收峰蓝移,从而实现对Fe^(3+)和Cu^(2+)的检测。结果表明,反应温度为50℃时,添加0.8 mL 0.1 mol·L^(-1)HCl、2 mL AuNRs生长液和20 mmol·L^(-1)KI溶液,与2 mL 500μmol·L^(-1)Fe^(3+)或30μmol·L^(-1)Cu^(2+)反应25或90 min,可将AuNRs刻蚀至LSPR吸收峰消失。该方法对Fe^(3+)和Cu^(2+)检测具有高选择性和准确性,对于Fe^(3+)、Cu^(2+)共存体系的检测,可通过加入适量F-与Fe^(3+)生成配合物[FeF_(6)]^(3-)完成对Fe^(3+)的化学掩蔽,消除Fe^(3+)的干扰,实现共存体系中Cu^(2+)的准确检测。

Amplified Detection of Iron Ion Based on Plasmon Enhanced Fluorescence and Subsequently Fluorescence Quenching

A facile and rapid approach for detecting low concentration of iron ion(Fe3+) with improved sensitivity was developed on the basis of plasmon enhanced fluorescence and subsequently amplified fluorescence quenching.Au1Ag4@Si O2 nanoparticles were synthesized and dispersed into fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) solution. The fluorescence of the FITC solution was improved due to plasmon enhanced fluorescence. However, efficient fluorescence quenching of the FITC/Au1Ag4@Si O2 solution was subsequently achieved when Fe3+, with a concentration ranging from17 n M to 3.4 l M, was added into the FITC/Au1Ag4@Si O2 solution, whereas almost no fluorescence quenching was observed for pure FITC solution under the same condition. FITC/Au1Ag4@Si O2 solution shows a better sensitivity for detecting low concentration of Fe3+compared to pure FITC solution. The quantized limit of detection toward Fe3+was improved from 4.6 l M for pure FITC solution to 20 n M for FITC/Au1Ag4@Si O2 solution.

智利月亮山地区中生代侵入岩成因及其构造意义:来自锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学的制约

月亮山铁铜矿区处于智利中北部海岸山带铁氧化物铜金矿(IOCG)成矿带上,位于一级控矿构造阿塔卡玛(ATACAMA)断裂带的南缘。全岩地球化学研究表明,本区二长闪长岩性质具有钙碱性、准铝质特征,其La/Nb比值大于1.5,La/Ta比值大于22,微量元素图显示均显著亏损Nb、Ta和Ti,表明二长闪长岩岩浆的源区起源于与俯冲相关的岩石圈地幔。二长闪长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(108.2±1.9)Ma,表明其为早白垩世晚期的岩浆活动的产物。构造环境分析表明,太平洋纳斯卡板块向南美板块俯冲过程中,形成本区南北向的ATACAMA断裂带(AFZ)与母岩浆,深层岩浆侵位经过部分熔融、结晶分异过程形成了闪长岩岩体,与本区IOCG矿床的形成关系密切。

卡林型金精矿加压氧化—铁矾分解—非氰提金研究

某卡林型金精矿为典型难处理金精矿,绝大部分金被黄铁矿和砷黄铁矿包裹,直接浸出时金浸出率仅为7.8%。针对卡林型金精矿提金困难、氰化提金污染严重等问题,创新性提出了加压氧化—铁矾分解—非氰提金方法。卡林型金精矿经加压氧化预处理和铁矾分解处理可实现包裹金的高效解离,氧压渣和破矾渣在反应时间2 h、活性炭用量50 g/L、搅拌速度400 r/min、温度30℃、pH值1.3~1.5、空气流量2 L/min、液固比4∶1、硫脲用量4 g/L条件下,金浸出率分别为76.2%和86.1%,实现了卡林型金精矿的高效、清洁提取。

ZIF-8封装AuNCs荧光传感器用于铁离子的检测

介绍一个适合于本科教学使用的综合创新实验,设计合成了一种荧光传感器Au NCs@ZIF-8,并将其用于铁离子(Fe^(3+))的检测。MOFs具有高效吸附、聚集检测物的特点,因此选择将Au NCs封装到ZIF-8中,从而实现目标物的定量检测。封装后,由于Au NCs具有AIE特性,所以Au NCs@ZIF-8的荧光强度明显增强。ZIF-8是一种多孔材料,加入Fe^(3+)后,Fe^(3+)能够进入ZIF-8内部,导致Au NCs的荧光被Fe^(3+)猝灭,成功用于实际水样中Fe^(3+)的检测。尽管该实验步骤复杂并涉及新型纳米材料的合成和表征,但它成功地整合了无机化学、分析化学以及材料化学的相关知识,且操作难度适宜。这为提升学生的动手能力和科技前沿理解提供了一次宝贵的机会。

铁尾矿-金尾砂-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的制备与表征

尾矿长期堆存会造成土地资源的严重浪费,还可能会污染土壤及地下水。我国高度重视固体废弃物的处理处置问题,出台了一系列政策法规,鼓励和指导企业持续提升资源综合利用水平。本文利用铁尾矿、金尾砂和粉煤灰作为原料,制备了一种三元固废基地质聚合物。通过探索试验及条件试验,得到了最佳制备条件:铁尾矿与金尾砂的质量比为1∶1,粉煤灰掺量为40%,水玻璃模数为1.3,碱激发剂掺量为9%,水灰比为0.15,养护温度为80℃,在此条件下制备的地质聚合物3 d抗压强度达33.5 MPa。通过对养护初期地质聚合物试块进行XRD、FTIR、SEM-EDS表征分析,发现原料与碱激发剂反应生成了大量凝胶类物质及沸石晶体。新生成物质与未完全反应原料共同组成了N-A-S-H体系,形成了致密结构,为地质聚合物提供了早期强度。该研究实现了铝硅酸盐类二次资源的再利用,为高硅铝尾矿、尾砂的绿色高效处理提供了新思路。

微细粒金银铁难处理多金属氧化矿工艺流程改造及生产实践分析

微细粒金银铁矿物是一种重要的贵金属材料,广泛应用于冶金、化工、石油等领域。难处理多金属氧化矿的制备一直是困扰微细粒金银铁回收工艺发展的主要问题之一。目前国内外对微细粒金银铁复杂难选矿石进行了大量研究,并取得一定进展。本文主要对微细粒金银铁难处理多金属氧化矿工艺流程改造及生产实践进行研究,以供参考。

制备参数对Au/Fe_2O_3催化剂水煤气变换性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了Au/Fe2 O3 催化剂 ,并系统地考察了制备参数对其催化WGS性能的影响 .通过BET ,XRD ,XRF ,H2 TPR和HRTEM等表征手段 ,初步考察了Au/Fe2 O3 催化剂具有高催化活性的原因 .结果表明 ,金负载量、沉淀剂种类、沉淀方式、沉淀 pH值、焙烧气氛和焙烧温度对Au/Fe2 O3 催化剂的催化性能均具有较大的影响 .Au/Fe2 O3 催化剂的低温高活性是纳米Au与Fe3 O4协同作用的结果 ;Au/Fe2 O3 催化剂的高温活性是由于活性相Fe3 O4起主要作用的结果 .

一步法浸取氰化尾渣中金、铁、铅的实验研究

文章研究了用盐酸一步法浸出氰化尾渣中金、铁、铅的工艺过程,结果表明,浸取反应优化工艺条件为:在沸腾状态下回流,盐酸起始浓度9.8 mol/L,盐酸过量系数1.6,反应时间1.5 h。此优化工艺条件下,金、铁、铅的浸出率分别为89.32%、93.45%、99.97%,浸出渣主要物相为硅化合物等,实现了有价金属与硅化合物的分离。从热力学角度分析了大量三价铁离子存在时,盐酸浸出金的可行性,而且,随着温度的升高,金的浸出率越高,因此,浸出反应在沸腾状态下进行回流。实验证明,一步法浸取氰化尾渣中金、铅、铁是可行有效的。

Au/Fe_2O_3催化剂的制备及其对富氢气体中一氧化碳选择性氧化的催化性能

采用共沉淀法制备了 1 5 %Au/Fe2 O3 催化剂 ,考察了加料方式对Au/Fe2 O3 催化剂化学组成及其催化富氢气体中CO选择性氧化性能的影响 .结果表明 ,正加法制备的Au/Fe2 O3 催化剂的性能明显好于反加法制备的催化剂 ,80℃时前者对富氢气体中CO选择性氧化反应的转化率为 94 % ,CO2 选择性为 6 5 % ,连续反应 10h ,催化剂活性没有变化 .XRD ,XPS和TEM等的测试结果表明 ,正加法制备的Au/Fe2 O3 催化剂中金粒子的平均粒径为 2～ 4nm ,金粒子高度分散在载体上 ,并与载体之间发生了较强的相互作用 ,从而表现出较高的催化性能 .

几内亚优势金属矿产地质特征、成矿作用及开发现状

几内亚大地构造位置处于西非克拉通南部,主要受Libérien、Eburnéen及泛非三次大的造山运动影响,主要的地质单元包括东部太古宙—古元古代马莱地盾、西部古生代博法(Bove)盆地和西南部泛非期Rokelide造山带。在广泛调研文献的基础上,着重介绍了几内亚铝土矿、铁、金等矿产资源的开发现状。结合区域地质背景和典型矿床分析,剖析了这3种优势金属矿产的成矿作用,认为几内亚超大规模的铝土矿资源是地质历史时期区域构造、成矿母岩、气候、地形地貌、水文地质等多种因素耦合作用的结果。几内亚拥有世界上规模最大的未开发BIF型铁矿资源,主要分布在几内亚东南部宁巴山和西芒杜2条绿岩带上,BIF型铁矿经历了太古宙至今漫长的沉积-变质/变形-风化富集作用。几内亚金矿以造山型金矿为主,形成于Eburnean造山运动晚期(2102~2085 Ma),主要分布在北部锡几里盆地内,具有明显的构造和岩性控矿特征。

氰化尾渣氯化挥发-还原焙烧一步法回收金铁

为探索氯化挥发-还原焙烧一步法回收氰化尾渣中金、铁的可行性,以河南某黄金冶炼企业金品位为4.57 g/t、铁品位为42.95%的氰化尾渣为研究对象,氯化钙和氯化钠为氯化剂(按w(Ca Cl2)∶w(Na Cl)=4∶1混合添加),烟煤为还原剂,进行了氯化挥发-还原焙烧试验。结果表明:在氯化剂用量为10%、烟煤用量为18%、焙烧温度为1 000℃、焙烧时间为80 min、焙烧产品磨矿细度为-0.043 mm占75%、磁场强度为106 k A/m时,可以获得金挥发率为85.19%、精矿铁品位为74.16%、回收率为87.75%的指标。试验结果为从氰化尾渣中回收金、铁提供了一种新途径。

Au/FeO_x-羟基磷灰石催化CO氧化反应中羟基磷灰石和FeO_x的作用(英文)

近期我们报道了Au/FeOx-羟基磷灰石(HAP,Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)催化剂应用于CO氧化反应的研究结果,该催化剂不仅具有很高的低温CO氧化活性和反应稳定性,同时也具有很好的高温抗烧结性能,即使600oC焙烧后依然能够维持很好的CO氧化反应活性.为了进一步研究Au/FeOx-HAP催化CO氧化反应中HAP和FeOx的作用,本文对该催化剂进行了更加深入的表征.X射线光电子能谱结果表明,HAP能与Au和FeOx形成强相互作用,进而在高温条件下稳定Au和FeOx纳米粒子.根据原位漫反射红外结果,FeOx则主要通过改变反应路径和中间产物的方式起到促进催化剂CO氧化活性的作用.结合透射电镜,穆斯堡尔谱和原位漫反射红外结果可知,Au/FeOx-HAP催化剂良好的反应稳定性源于其优异的抗碳酸盐累积能力.

铜金铁多金属矿综合回收选矿工艺研究

某铜金铁多金属矿中金、铜、硫铁矿共生关系密切,采用先硫后氧浮选铜金混合精矿、尾矿选铁的工艺流程,对有价元素进行了综合回收,获得了金铜精矿中铜品位17.31%、回收率65.34%,金品位52.40 g/t、回收率82.15%,铁精矿品位64.20%、回收率66.64%的技术指标。并对两种精矿产品进行了元素分析,有害元素均未超标。该工艺达到了资源综合利用和提高经济效益的目的。