New approach to fabricate nanoporous gold film

A simple preparation of ultrathin nanoporous gold film was described. Copper and gold were used to fabricate Cu-Au alloy films through vacuum deposition. The formation of nanoporous gold films from the alloy films involved thermal process and chemical etch by hydrochloric acid or by nitric acid. The free-standing nanoporous gold films have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer （XPS） and surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SELLS）. R was noted that the nanoporous gold film etched by hydrochloric acid is uniform with a cover of fog-like moieties.

The determination of the thickness and the optical dispersion property of gold film using spectroscopy of a surface plasmon in the frequency domain

We propose to use wavelength modulation approach,i.e.,the spectroscopy of a surface plasmon in the frequency domain,to characterize the optical dispersion property of gold film.Using this method,we determine the dispersion relationship of gold film in a wavelength range from 537.12 nm to 905.52 nm,and our results accord well with the reported results by other authors.This method is particularly suited for studying the optical dispersion properties of thin metal films,because a series of dielectric constants over a wide spectral range can be determined simultaneously via only a single scan of the incident angle,thereby avoiding the repeated measurements required when using the angular modulation approach.

Effects of sputtering power and annealing temperature on surface roughness of gold films for high-reflectivity synchrotron radiation mirrors

Gold films deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering are used for synchrotron radiation optics. In this study, the microstructure and surface roughness of gold films were investigated for the purpose of developing high-reflectivity mirrors. The deposition process was first optimized. Films were fabricated at different sputtering powers (15, 40, 80, and 120 W) and characterized using grazing incidence X-ray reflectometry, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. The results showed that all the films were highly textured, having a dominant Au (111) orientation, and the film deposited at 80 W had the lowest surface roughness. Subsequently, post-deposition annealing from 100 to 200℃ in a vacuum was performed on the films deposited at 80 W to investigate the effect of annealing on the microstructure and surface roughness of the films. The grain size, surface roughness, and their relationship were investigated as a function of annealing temperature. AFM and XRD results revealed that at annealing temperatures of 175 ℃ and below, microstructural change of the films was mainly manifested by the elimination of voids. At annealing temperatures higher than 175℃, grain coalescence occurred in addition to the void elimination, causing the surface roughness to increase.

Spectra of Plasmon Polaritons at Metal―Insulator Interfaces of a Nanosized Gold Film: Expansion into Components and Their Systematization

The spectral characteristics of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in nanosized gold films were studied with method of internal reflection in the Kretschmann geometry. (For more information,please refer to the PDF.)

A high figure of merit localized surface plasmon sensor based on a gold nanograting on the top of a gold planar film

We investigate the sensitivity and figure of merit （FOM） of a localized surface plasmon （LSP） sensor with gold nanograting on the top of planar metallic film. The sensitivity of the localized surface plasmon sensor is 317 nm/RIU, and the FOM is predicted to be above 8, which is very high for a localized surface plasmon sensor. By employing the rigorous coupled-wave analysis （RCWA） method, we analyze the distribution of the magnetic field and find that the sensing property of our proposed system is attributed to the interactions between the localized surface plasmon around the gold nanostrips and the surface plasmon polarition on the surface of the gold planar metallic film. These findings are important for developing high FOM localized surface plasmon sensors.

Preparation of the glucose sensor based on three-dimensional ordered macroporous gold film and room temperature ionic liquid

A novel type of glucose sensor was fabricated based on a glucose oxidase(GOD)-N,N-dimethtylformamide(DMF)-[BMIm][BF4] composites modified three-dimensional ordered macroporous(3DOM) gold film electrode.The immobilized GOD exhibits a pair of well-defined reversible peaks in 50 mM pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solutions(PBS),which could be attributed to the redox of flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD) in GOD.The research results show that ionic liquid([BMIm][BF4]),DMF and 3DOM gold film are crucial for GOD to exhibit a pair of stable and reversible peaks.It is believed that the large active area of 3DOM gold film can increase the amount of immobilized GOD.Simultaneously,the application of IL enhances the stability of GOD and facilitates the electron transfer between GOD and the electrode.The synergetic effect of DMF can help the GOD to maintain its bioactivity better.GOD immobilized on the electrode exhibits the favorable electrocatalytic property to glucose,and the prepared sensor has a linear range from 10 to 125 nM with a detection limit of 3.3 nM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3σ.The apparent Km(Michaelis-Menten constant) for the enzymatic reaction is 0.018 mM.

The spin Hall effect in single-crystalline gold thin films

The spin Hall effect has been investigated in 10-nm-thick epitaxial Au(001) single crystal films via H-pattern devices,whose minimum characteristic dimension is about 40 nm. By improving the film quality and optimizing the in-plane geometry parameters of the devices, we explicitly extract the spin Hall effect contribution from the ballistic and bypass contribution which were previously reported to be dominating the non-local voltage. Furthermore, we calculate a lower limit of the spin Hall angle of 0.08 at room temperature. Our results indicate that the giant spin Hall effect in Au thin films is dominated not by the interior defects scattering, but by the surface scattering. Besides, our results also provide an additional experimental method to determine the magnitude of spin Hall angle unambiguously.

Preparation and Characterization of Gold Thin Film Electrode Modified by Microbe

A novel method based on microbe modification has been employed to prepare gold thin film electrode. The preparation method is simple and the electrode obtained is stable and very sensitive in determining heavy metal ions. The quantitation limit of Cu2+ is 0.05 ng/mL.

Effects of annealing time on the structure, morphology, and stress of gold–chromium bilayer film

In this work, a 200-nm-thick gold film with a 10-nm-thick chromium layer used as an adhesive layer is fabricated on fused silica by the electron beam evaporation method. The effects of annealing time at 300℃ on the structure, morphology and stress of the film are studied. We find that chromium could diffuse to the surface of the film by formatting a solid solution with gold during annealing. Meanwhile, chromium is oxidized on the surface and diffused downward along the grain grooves in the gold film. The various operant mechanisms that change the residual stresses of gold films for different annealing times are discussed.

Influence of surface roughness on surface plasmon resonance phenomenon of gold film

We experimentally investigate the effects of the surface roughness of gold thin films on the properties of surface plasmon resonance. By annealing at different temperatures, film samples with different surface morphologies are obtained. Specifically, due to the diffusion of the gold atoms towards the films＇ surface, the surface root- mean-square roughness decreases with the increasing annealing temperature. Then, we measure the surface plasmon resonance of the samples. The results show that the resonance angle of the surface plasmon resonance is sensitive to the root-mean-square roughness, and it gradually decreases by reducing the surface root-mean-square roughness.

Gold Nanoparticulate Thin Films Fabricated by the Electrostatic Self-Assembly Process

Gold colloids were prepared by citrate-induced reduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaurale, and gold nanoparticles were electrostatically self-assembled with poly( diallyldimethylammonium chloride) into multi-layer thin films on si/icon and quartz substrates. The paniculate thin films were characterized by UV-vis spea-troscopy, surface, enhanced Raman scattering, atomic force microscopy and resistivity measurements. Due to the interparticle coupling between individual gold particles, an obvious collective particle plasmon resonance was ob-served on UV-vis spectra , and the particulate thin films exhibited a strong SERS effect. For multilayer thin films with a high particle coverage on substrates , resistivity of the order of 10-4 Ω·cm was yielded.

磁控溅射玫瑰金膜层的颜色及抗变色性能

[目的]玫瑰金因其优雅浪漫的颜色而被广泛用于装饰镀膜,但现有玫瑰金镀膜基本采用电镀工艺制备,存在严重的环境污染问题,需要寻求绿色环保的镀膜新工艺。[方法]采用磁控溅射镀膜工艺在316L不锈钢表面沉积Au85玫瑰金膜层。研究了溅射时间、靶电流和基体表面状态对膜层颜色的影响。检测了较佳工艺下所得膜层的抗变色性能。[结果]溅射时间在30 min以内变化时膜层颜色基本不受影响。靶电流从0.5 A增大至1.0 A时,膜层晶粒变粗,亮度下降,色度增大。基体表面状态会影响膜层颜色及不同方向的色差。在靶电流1.0 A下对镜面抛光的316L不锈钢磁控溅射15 min可获得较明亮的红色膜层,该膜层在模拟太阳光照射和人工模拟汗液浸泡试验中都表现出较好的抗变色性能。[结论]磁控溅射Au85玫瑰金镀膜工艺满足绿色环保和工艺饰品表面装饰要求,应用前景良好。

金薄膜辅助玻璃与砷化镓阳极键合

采用磁控溅射技术在砷化镓(GaAs)表面沉积一层厚度为1μm的金薄膜,将其作为中间层成功实现了Borofloat(BF33)玻璃与GaAs的连接。阳极键合实验结果表明键合电流在短时间内达到峰值,之后迅速降低并且稳定在一个很小的数值范围内,且键合电流峰值随着键合温度与键合电压的升高而增大。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对玻璃-GaAs键合界面进行微观形貌观察。结果表明键合界面良好,在400℃、700 V的条件下,玻璃-GaAs键合强度可达到1.53 J/m^(2),且键合强度随着键合温度与键合电压的升高而增大。

Structure and internal stress of Au films deposited on SiO_2/Si(100) and mica by dc sputtering

Au films with a thickness of about 300 nm were deposited on SiO_2/Si(100) andmica substrates by dc sputtering. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and field emission scanningelectron microscopy were used to analyze the structure and internal stress of the Au films. Thefirms grown on SiO_2/Si(100) show a preferential orientation of [111] in the growth direction.However the films grown on mica have mixture crystalline orientations of [111], [200], [220] and[311] in the growth direction and the orientations of [200] and [311] are slightly more than thoseof [111] and [220]. An internal stress in the films grown on SiO_2/Si(100) is tensile. For Au filmsgrown on mica the internal stresses in the [111]- and [311]-orientation grains are compressive whilethose in the [200]- and [220]-orientation grains are tensile. Au films grown SiO_2/Si(100) havesome very large grains with a size of about 400 nm and have a wider grain size distribution comparedwith those grown on mica.

Au-NPs对氧化铌忆阻器界面修饰的影响

在阻变器件中,通过在氧化铌薄膜和底电极之间旋涂一层金纳米颗粒(Au-NPs)作为界面修饰层,可以明显降低氧化铌忆阻器的阈值电压,提高阈值电压分布的集中性。通过扫描电子显微镜发现,旋涂在底电极上面的Au-NPs分布较为均匀,有利于器件在Au-NPs等固定位置形成导电细丝,从而降低了导电细丝随机形成的可能性。I-V循环测试证实了Au-NPs的引入明显增强了空间电荷限制电流的输运特性,表明有利于固定导电细丝的生长,提升器件稳定性。

抗镀金干膜对化学镍药水性能影响研究

本文主要研究化学镍钯金(Electro-less Nickel Electro-less palladium Immersion Gold,ENEPIG)+有机可焊性保焊膜(Organic Solderability Preservatives,OSP)选择性表面处理工艺使用的抗镀金干膜,对化学镍钯金化学镍药水性能的影响。经测试发现,测试抗镀金干膜A在化学镍药水溶液中UV在230 nm处扫描的ABS值随着干膜浸泡量的增加呈现上升趋势,证明干膜在化学镍药水中析出有机物成分。随着测试抗镀金干膜有机成分在化学镍药水中溶出量的增加,测试板化学镍的镀层沉积速率显著下降,发生磷含量增加、钯镀层漏镀、WB测试点脱、镀层peeling等品质问题,评估出测试干膜不适用于作为选择性化学镍钯金的抗镀干膜。同时通过化学镍的反应原理和药水分析,猜测为干膜中光引发剂和增粘剂等成分在化学镍药水中的溶出对化学镍反应产生影响。

Numerical study of optical trapping properties of nanoparticle on metallic film with periodic structure

Based on the three-dimensional dispersive finite difference time domain method and Maxwell stress tensor equation,the optical trapping properties of nanoparticle placed on the gold film with periodic circular holes are investigated numerically. Surface plasmon polaritons are excited on the metal-dielectric interface, with particular emphasis on the crucial role in tailoring the optical force acting on a nearby nanoparticle. Utilizing a first order corrected electromagnetic field components for a fundamental Gaussian beam, the incident beam is added into the calculation model of the proposed method. To obtain the detailed trapping properties of nanoparticle, the selected calculations on the effects of beam waist radius, sizes of nanoparticle and circular holes, distance between incident Gaussian beam and gold film, material of nanoparticle and polarization angles of incident wave are analyzed in detail to demonstrate that the optical-trapping force can be explained as a virtual spring which has a restoring force to perform positive and negative forces as a nanoparticle moves closer to or away from the centers of circular holes. The results of optical trapping properties of nanoparticle in the vicinity of the gold film could provide guidelines for further research on the optical system design and manipulation of arbitrary composite nanoparticles.

Fabrication of Au/SiO_(2) Nanocomposite Films by Self-Assembly Multilayer Method

Gold colloid was prepared by chemical reduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate, polyelectrolyte/gold nanoparticle/silica nanoparticie composite films were fabricated via an electrostatic self-assembly multilayer method, and composite films of gold nanoparticle dispersed in silica matrix were formed by heat-treating the polyelectrolyte/gold nanoparticle/silica nanoparticle composite films to eliminate the polyelectrolyte. The obtained composite films were investigated with UV-vis, TEM, AFM and XRD. The results show that the self-assembly multilayer method is a promising process to produce composite films of gold nanoparticle-dispersed in organic and/or inorganic matrixes.

Optical Absorption of Nano-Composite Thin Films of Au in Teflon

Nano-composite films of Au particles in Teflon were obtained by thermal vacuum deposition. The obtained films were characterized by the different shapes and dimensions of the inclusion particles. Absorption spectra of the films were measured in-situ. A model for the calculation of the optical properties of the nano-composite thin films with an inho-mogeneous distribution of the inclusions along the thickness of the film is proposed. Absorption properties of inclusions were analyzed by considering the local field interaction. The calculated absorption profiles are compared with the experimentally obtained absorption profiles. This comparison gives a possibility to draw conclusions about the concentration, shapes and shape distributions of the inclusion particles. For example, the films obtained by duration deposition are characterized by inclusions having the shape of prolate ellipsoids oriented normally to surface of the film.

金纳米粒子自组装膜制备及苏丹红Ⅰ的分子SERS光谱研究

调节纳米颗粒相邻间距和排列方式,可以得到宏观有序纳米结构,其具有新的光、电性质,可作为研究亲脂性分子的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)基底。首先制备了直径为16 nm的金纳米粒子,通过界面自组装方法制得金纳米粒子膜,并利用扫描电镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱仪等对其进行了表征,结果表明其有两种膜结构,一种是均匀分布的单层膜,另一种是多层膜结构,它们的吸收峰在590 nm处。将其作为SERS基底,研究了相同条件下苏丹红Ⅰ分子在不同膜结构的谱学变化,发现单层和多层膜上苏丹红Ⅰ的SERS信号有明显差异。最后,初步探究了苏丹红Ⅰ分子随浸泡时间的吸附动力学。