Evolution and Governance of the Structure of Marine Economic Networks in China’s Coastal Areas: Based on Sea-related A-share Listed Companies

Data on discrete,isolated attributes of the marine economy are often used in traditional marine economic research.However,as the focus of urban research shifts from internal static attributes to external dynamic linkages,the importance of marine economic net-work research is beginning to emerge.The construction of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas is necessary to change the flow of land and sea resources and optimize regional marine economic development.Employing data from headquarters and branches of sea-related A-share listed enterprises to construct the marine economic network in China,we use social network analysis(SNA)to discuss the characteristics of its evolution as of 2010,2015,and 2020 and its governance.The following results were obtained.1)In terms of topological characteristics,the scale of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas has accelerated and expan-ded,and the connections have become increasingly close;thus,this development has complex network characteristics.2)In terms of spatial structure,the intensity of the connection fluctuates and does not form stable development support;the group structure gradually becomes clear,but the overall pattern is fragmented;there are spatial differences in marine economic agglomeration radiation;the radi-ation effect of the eastern marine economic circle is obvious;and the polarization effect of northern and southern marine economic circles is significant.On this basis,we construct a framework for the governance of a marine economic network with the market,the government,and industry as the three governing bodies.By clarifying the driving factors and building objectives of marine economic network construction,this study aims to foster the high-quality development of China’s marine economy.

Research on Behavior of Governing Gene/Epigene Networks as a Problem of Cellular Automata Identification

The aim of this work is to investigate the general functional properties of the intracellular governing gene/epigene networks. A body of mathematics used in automata and graphs theories is adequate for revealing the general dynamic properties of governing gene and epigene networks and provides a methodic basis for efficient analytical algorithms. The obtained results permit to reveal the properties of the characteristic function （transitions and outputs） of the cellular automata as models for the intracellular governing gene/epigene networks.

A Contested Muslim Identity in Kazakhstan： Between Liberal Islam and the Hanafi Project

The liberal pattern in Islam displayed itself at different points in the history of Kazakhstan through quasi state models of political organization, governance networks, multiethnic and multireligious societies, individual freedoms, and syncretic essence of Islam in the local culture. This paper examines the role of liberal pattern in the evolution of Islam in Kazakhstan based on historical and antropological analysis to call into question the state’s ongoing efforts to plant the authoritarian interpretation of Islam epitomized in the so-called Hanafi project. The notion of the Hanafi project is offered as the antithesis to classical Islamic Hanafi School, which is manipulated by the state to mask the imposition of the secular national policy in the religious domain.

A Governance Framework of Chinese Heritage Resources Based on Social Network

Based on the literature review of Chinese heritage resources management,a governance framework was put forward from the perspective of social network in order to deal with the conflict between heritage tourism development and heritage resources protection.First,all stakeholders including administrate departments,related enterprises,local communities and tourists should become subjects of heritage resources governance.Second,governance structure was defined which would describe the roles that all stakeholders played in the governance of heritage resources.Third,several governance mechanism including motivation and restraint mechanism,interaction and coordination mechanism,sharing and integration mechanism should be established.The network governance would balance benefi ts of all the stakeholders,avoid the phenomena such as free ride and external diseconomy and ensure the sustainable development of heritage sites.

For a Still “Social” Housing： The Fluent Governance

Network governance, widely used as theoretical model in investigations on social housing, is not free from critiques, first of all, for the fact that it has a uni-directionality of bottom-up processes, when oriented to public deliberation, or top-down when decision-makers are technical experts at the political level. Given the new complexity of the social housing issue and the considered limits of the network governance, this work aims at looking for a possible different theoretical framework able to give different tools to simplify decision making processes without any alteration of any basic decisional element. The contribution given by this work is the proposition of what has been called ＂fluent governance＂ as a framework of decision making able to represent the whole spectrum of interventions in the process, also taking into account aspects not captured by standard models. The paper reports an experimentation of the proposed model conducted in Italy in the field of renovating social housing policy.

Evolution of China's Role in the Structure of Global Carbon Emission Transfers:An Empirical Analysis Based on Network Governance

This paper reconsiders the roles of China and some developed countries in the network of carbon emission transfers via international trade in value added from a new perspective of network governance.Network search intensity(NSI)and the extended gravity model are used with cross-country panel data to analyze the mechanism of China's engagement in network governance of carbon emission transfers.The results show that from 2000 to 2009,China was a net exporter of carbon emissions,even though it shifted from the semi-periphery to the core in the network of carbon emissions embodied in imports.Meanwhile,NSI had a significant positive impact on carbon emissions embodied in exports.Given China's important role in the global production network and division of labor,NSI may also affect industrial structure and the quality of the ecological environment to a large extent.This study analyses the network governance mechanism of China's participation in global carbon transfers.The results suggest that the technical complexity of export products and product heterogeneity do not change the positive impact of NSI on carbon emissions.

From"Online Trial"to"Network Govemance":A Perspective on the Functional Transformation of Internet Courts

Internet courts in the 1.0 era achieved initial success in"online trial"and facilitation of the people's access to judicial services,yet lacked the particularity that special courts should have in terms of organization,cases and procedures,making them difficult to fulfill the function of governance of network society.Compared with rule and management,governance has the features of decentralization,broad scope,and co-construction of rules.Features of network society are in line with the structure of social governance theory.To fulfill their function of governance of network society,internet courts in the 2.0 era,as the integrator of multiple centers and cyberspace as well as the analyzer of internet rules,need to improve in terms of organization,cases and procedures:In terms of organization,consider upgrading internet courts to be intermediate courts and identifying them as cross-region courts in cyberspace;in terms of cases,redefine the essence and extension of"online cases"with elements including wholly cyberspacerelated civil and commercial dispute resolution,new business format management on internet platforms,and governance of data-related rights;and in terms of procedures,improve Internet courts'case selection procedures,judgement effect extension procedures,investigation procedures for independent evidence collection of internet cases,and automatic enforcement procedures ensuring the instant enforcement of judgment,so as to promote a mature and complete legal framework for cyberspace governance.

The Impact of Meetings on the Network Governance and Mobility of UN Policy Programs on Environment and Education

Purpose:This paper adds to the understandings of how face-to-face meetings contribute to the network governance and global mobility of United Nations(UN)policy programs on environmental and sustainability education(ESE).Design/Approach/Methods:Data from interviews with 13 international ESE policy leaders were transcribed,coded,and analyzed for key themes related to the research purpose.Findings:The findings indicate that meetings provide an arena for collaboration and influence on UN ESE policy programs,as well as facilitating the impact of the policy programs on UN member country policy.In addition,attending meetings enables the production of network relations that bind ESE policy communities together across distant locations.They are also a venue for the networking labor involved in forging new relationships and facilitating the social learning that supports global policy mobility.Originality/Value:This pilot study enriches understanding of face-to-face meetings as a key vector of policy mobility and a significant factor in the overall network governance of UN organizations and their policy programs.We hope the study contributes to the fields of critical policy studies and ESE,as well as to informing policy actors on how important their participation in meetings can be for the network governance and mobility of UN policy programs.