Discussion on the Improvement of Management System of Government＇s Non-tax Revenue

With the establishment of the aim of public finance, the non-tax revenue management causes extensive concern of both academy and government in recent years, around which the policy of fee-to-tax reform and income-expenditure going different ways etc. was launched. How to manage the non-tax revenue, which constitutes an important part of the public revenue, plays an important role in the rationalization of public revenue and the building of the public finance system. This paper uses international experience as reference to analyze the situation of the current non-tax revenue management, and the innovation of non-tax revenue management mode from both theoretical and practical aspects.

Reconnoitering the Sustainable Relationship between Revenue Income and GDP:A Comparative Study of Asymmetric Countries in the World

This paper applies panel unit root test,country Pedroni cointegration test(PCT),Phillips-Peron cross section test(PPCST),vector error correction test and Johansen normalized cointegrating test(JNCT)for estimates the coefficients in the short-run and in the long-run to examine the inter-temporal relationship between the government revenues income and GDP.The paper took into account fifteen asymmetric countries with three income groups over the period from 2001 to 2016.The study justified the long run relationship between the articulated variables in the country PCT and the test results unearthed that four statistics out of seven on different indexes exhibited one percent level of significance.In the upper middle income country category,other than Brazil and Sri Lanka,rest of three countries showed a long run relationship,i.e.the study outcome reconnoitered the existence of a long run relationship between the two articulated variables.Decisively,the outcome of JNCT suggests that in the long run if the government revenue upsurge one percentage point then GDP growth rate will rise 0.037 and 0.28 percentage point for the countries that belong to high income and the upper middle income respectively.Meanwhile,the test find a negative result that allied to lower middle income nations,GDP growth rate will plummet 0.039 percent point due to one percent rise in revenue income.

Fiscal Sustainability:Public Revenue-Expenditure Nexus in a Few Asymmetric Countries in the Globe

This article examines the public revenue and expenditure patterns and its nexus of a few countries.This paper employs panel unit root,panel cointegration and Vector Error Correction Model to analyze the inter-temporal association among the variables of government revenues,expenditures and the growth of GDP through the panel data of ten divergent nations over the period 2001 to 2017.The study exercised three cointegration tests and these estimates find the evidence of long run association among articulated three variables.To know the cross-section status of different nations this paper diverted Phillips-Peron test with bandwidth statistics and it asserted that,all ten countries secured the long run association among the variables.The study uncovered that,growth of GDP has escalated in 0.78%by one percentage increase in revenue expenditure;meanwhile,1.41%lessening in GDP growth by one percentage increase in revenue income.The specified model is supported by a few diagnostic tests.

Fiscal Policy and Inflation in Nigeria

This paper empirically examined the impact of fiscal policy on inflation in Nigeria.Time series data on inflation,government revenue,government expenditure,and gross domestic product were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria(CBN).The aforementioned secondary data cover the period from 1981 to 2021.The Augmented Dickey Fuller(ADF)unit root test and Johansen co-integration test were used to testing for data stationarity and the existence or otherwise of co-integrating equations respectively.Thereafter,data were analyzed using Ordinary Least Square and Parsimonious Error Correction techniques.Findings from the study show that government expenditure and revenue both have a positive relationship with the rate of inflation,though the latter is not statistically significant.Also,there is a positive but insignificant relationship between inflation and gross domestic product.In line with the above findings,we,therefore,recommend that the Nigerian government at all levels(local,state,and federal)should be tactful in the use of fiscal policy tools to avoid triggering inflationary pressure and its negative multiplier effects on the welfare of its citizenry.

Black Gold and the Nigerian State （1956-2014）： A Critical Review

This article discussed the oil industry in Nigeria and its impact on the economy, environment, and the citizens. The black gold （oil） was first discovered in Nigeria after several trials by white explorers in Oloibiri （present day Bayelsa State） in 1956 by Shell D＇Arcy later renamed Shell-BP. By 1958, Nigeria joined the rank ofoil producers, when its first oil field came on stream. It was in the same year that the first shipment of oil from Nigeria occurred. Since then oil became Nigeria＇s primary export with about 95% of its govemment revenue coming from the ＂black gold＂, pushing agriculture and other sources of revenue to the background. The study discovered that the high revenue realised from the black gold especially after the Civil War, was not used by the government to transform Nigeria from a third world to a first world country as was predicted rather heavily mismanaged. The study further discovered that the multinational companies （MNC） responsible for drilling oil in Nigeria are guilty of polluting and degrading the environment via oil spills, thereby exposing the citizens to all kinds＇ health related problems and further poverty. The study concludes with the following： The corruption going on in the region must be tackled head long so that the citizens （the youth especially） will begin to feel the effect of the wealth generated from black gold. The government should also invest more on the education of its citizens to enable development in the country.

Study on the alternative rate of rural residents＇ pension and the mechanism of financial allocation

According to the China Statistical Yearbook divided eight consumption expenditure, I set food, clothing, housing and household equipment and services as residents basic living expenses, of China＇ s rural pension replacement rate level of demand is calculated. The financial revenue scale autoregressive model predicted 2010-2020, the scale of fiscal revenue, with Pratt ＆ Whitney type total pension should be of basic pension and substitution rate level of demand for pension accounts for fiscal revenue proportion of the international experience of fiscal income of 5% were measured and evaluated. The current basic pension in the short term to improve the life of the rural elderly has an important role, but the long-term need to continue to increase, should optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure.

A study of inadequate consumer demand among Chinese residents --based on data for urban and rural areas in different provinces

Using panel data from both urban and rural areas in China＇s thirty provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities （Tibet excluded） from 1995 to 2005 and applying the random effects model, we conducted a quantitative analysis of factors influencing urban and rural consumer demand. The findings show the per capita disposable income of Chinese residents is highly correlated with their per capita consumption expenditure and the consumption function of urban and rural residents was relatively stable over the eleven years under study. On the basis of these findings, this paper further makes use of data in China＇s funds flow statements （physical transactions） from 1992 to 2004 to explain one of the reasons for the continuing under-consumption since 1997-1998; that is, in the course of national income distribution and redistribution the government has gained an ever increasing share of total and disposable income while the share of Chinese residents shows a continuous decline.