The withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement and its impact on global climate change governance

The global community has prepared for the withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement since Donald Trump was elected as the president of the U.S. However, Trump's formal declaration of withdrawal still caused worldwide reaction. Trump will use the withdrawal to build his political reputation and to renegotiate the Paris Agreement despite its negative effects on the political credibility, international relationships, and potential long-term economic growth of the U.S. In general, the withdrawal of the U.S. from the Paris Agreement will not change the development of low-carbon technologies and the transformation trend of the global climate governance regime. However, the long-term goals and international cooperation on climate change will be affected by budget cuts in American climate change research and the cancelation of donations from the multilateral environmental fund of the U.S. If the Paris Agreement is renegotiated, the common but differentiated principle of responsibility of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change will be challenged again. Nevertheless, climate change governance remains a main theme of future sustainable development. Instead of national governments, local governments and non-governmental organizations will develop strategies for technical innovation and emphasize pragmatic cooperation, thus expanding their roles in climate change governance. The capacity building on climate change research and public awareness should be enhanced as a long-term objective of global climate change governance.

Cooperation and Divergence between China and the United States in the Governance of Global Climate Change

China and the United States are two key players in global climate governance.What about their relations in the field of climate change and how should we view these relations? An analysis of their relations in global climate governance is of great significance both for global multinational negotiations and their bilateral relations. The two parties have enhanced their cooperation on climate change since 2009 in terms of increasing willingness, broader scale, more diverse mechanisms and higher effectiveness. With the U.N. Paris Climate Conference 2015 approaching, China-US cooperation will inject much momentum into the multilateral process of reaching an ambitious agreement. However, there are also sharp divergences between China and the U.S. regarding principles, rules, and legal means. These divergences might become prominent during the Paris Conference and need to be addressed at the bilateral level.

Chinese science diplomacy in Arctic climate governance based on a survey and interviews with Chinese scientists

Science diplomacy is attracting increasing attention in the international relations literature.This study investigates how Chinese scientists understand this term and explores China’s dynamic praxis in Arctic climate governance.It conducts a theoretical and practical examination of science diplomacy in terms of three dimensions—science in diplomacy,diplomacy for science,and science for diplomacy—thus achieving a high degree of consistency.A multi-method approach,combining qualitative and quantitative research methodologies and involving the adoption of a literature review,participant interviews,and questionnaires,is adopted.Data were collected from interviews with 16 Chinese scientists involved in Arctic climate governance and from 130 valid questionnaires collected from Chinese natural scientists working in the climate change field.Drawing on qualitative and quantitative findings,the study reveals that the three-dimensional framework of science diplomacy can provide insight into Chinese scientists’understandings of the topic.In contrast to the participants’vague theoretical responses,the outlines of China’s Arctic climate governance can be clearly identified within this framework.The study concludes by underlining the tension between theory and practice in terms of science diplomacy and highlighting the emerging challenges for China in developing its Arctic science diplomacy against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflict.Moreover,it is suggested that,to further develop China’s Arctic science diplomacy,it is vital to take account of the deficiencies in China’s science diplomacy.The study’s empirical results contribute to an understanding of the dynamic nature of science diplomacy in the Chinese context.

ON BRITISH LABOUR GOVERNMENT'S HONG KONG POLICY

Hong Kong’s return to China is a historic event in world affairs as well as inSino-British relations.Britain’s policy toward Hong Kong,therefore,has aninternational significance.Immediately after the British election in early May,theworld press were generally of the view that the Labour’s victory would make littleor no difference to the Hong Kong handover question.The appraisal still holdslargely true today.Judging from new developments since then,however,there

A Corpus-Based Critical Discourse Analysis of Trump and Biden Administrations’China Policies

The theory of proximization is an effective discourse strategy to study the speaker’s ability to achieve his own legitimacy or reinforce the other’s illegitimacy,and its superiority can be maximized by means of quantitative and comparative analysis.In this study,we collected reports on Trump’s and Biden’s policies on China to build two small corpora,with a total of 11,030 words in the Trump corpus and 17,566 words in the Biden corpus.The critical discourse analysis is combined with proximization theory.With the help of BFSU Qualitative Coder 1.2,Antconc 3.5.7,and Log-Likelihood and Chi-Square Calculator 1.0,a critical cognitive score of the relevant discourse was conducted from the perspective of proximization theory.It has been found that:(1)Both Trump and Biden administrations resort to a large number of spatial proximization strategies to build ODCs converging to IDCs with China as the ODC,posing a threat to internal physical IDCs;(2)in the use of temporal proximization strategy,both administrations use primarily modal verbs and various entities to construct ODCs that extend indefinitely into the present and future,emphasizing the urgency and the threat of the effect and reinforcing the legitimacy of their actions;(3)in terms of axiological proximization strategy,the two administrations differ greatly from each other,indicating that there are still discursive biases.

Korea＇s Future Policy Recommendation for the Promotion of Eco-Friendly Vehicles in Metropolitan Area

This paper introduces and analyzes Korea＇s NGV （natural gas vehicles） policy for soot-free bus fleet which intends to promote CNG （compressed natural gas） bus in metropolitan area for the reduction of air pollution from road sector. At the early stage, Korean goverrmaent established various supporting policy systems to encourage public transportation companies to purchase CNG buses as a means to replace diesel buses. It was evaluated as very successful with making net economic benefit of CNG bus promotion policy. During the 2nd stage, Korean government implemented CNG hybrid bus promotion policy to further reduce both air pollution and greenhouse gas. Now, a new social demand for the vehicles is zero-emission vehicles. The author asserts that current FCEV （fuel cell electric vehicle） should be considered as an alternative to zero-emission vehicles in Korea and suggests policy recommendation for the promotion of FCEV by referring the current CNG bus promotion policy in public transportation sector.

Progress and Prospects of Research on Climate Policy and Governance

Research on climate policy and governance has rapidly evolved since the early 1990s,yet there is a lack of a systematic review,especially in quantitative methods,that provides an overall account of this interdisciplinary field.This article provides a bibliometric analysis of 2487 SSCI journal articles published from 1990 to 2018 to characterize the intellectual landscape of climate policy and governance literature by visualizing the changes in researchers’collaboration and publications’cocitation and identifying the emerging research agenda.The findings show that publications on this topic have surged since the Kyoto Protocol came into effect in 2005.Environmental studies,economics,and public administration are three major disciplines drawing high attention to this field.Scholars and research institutions from the United States,the United Kingdom,and Germany have maintained dominance over climate policy and governance design.Moreover,we identify three pressing topics for creating future research agendas,including adaptive capacity,technology and innovation,and urban governance.Green technology innovation,local climate governance and the increasing political awareness will become future research trends.

U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement: Reasons, impacts, and China's response

Applying qualitative and quantitative methods, this article explains the driving forces behind U.S. President Donald Trump's decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement, assesses the impacts of this withdrawal on the compliance prospects of the agreement, and proposes how China should respond. The withdrawal undercuts the foundation of global climate governance and upsets the process of climate cooperation, and the impacts are manifold. The withdrawal undermines the universality of the Paris Agreement and impairs states' confidence in climate cooperation; it aggravates the leadership deficit in addressing global climate issues and sets a bad precedent for international climate cooperation. The withdrawal reduces other countries' emission space and raises their emission costs, and refusal to contribute to climate aid makes it more difficult for developing countries to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Cutting climate research funding will compromise the quality of future IPCC reports and ultimately undermine the scientific authority of future climate negotiations. China faces mounting pressure from the international community to assume global climate leadership after the U.S. withdraws, and this article proposes that China should reach the high ends of its domestic climate targets under the current Nationally Determined Contributions; internationally, China should facilitate the rebuilding of shared climate leadership, replacing the G2 with C5. Meanwhile, China needs to keep the U.S. engaged in climate cooperation.

The Clean Development Mechanism and Sustainable Development in China's Electricity Sector

The Clean Development Mechanism,a flexibility mechanism contained in the KyotoProtocol, offers China an important tool to attractinvestment in clean energy technology and processesinto its electricity sector. The Chinese electricitysector places centrally in the country’s economy andenvironment, being a significant contributor to theacid rain and air pollution problems that plague manyof China’s cities and regions, and therefore a focusof many related energy and environmental policies.China’s electricity sector has also been the subjectof a number of economic analyses that have showedthat it contains the highest potential for clean energyinvestment through the Clean DevelopmentMechanism of any economic sector in China. Thismechanism, through the active participation frominvestors in more industrialized countries, can helpalleviate the environmental problems attributable toelectricity generation in China through advancingsuch technology as wind electricity generation, cleancoal technology, high efficient natural gas electricitygeneration, or utilization of coal mine methane. Inthis context, the Clean Development Mechanismalso compliments a range of environmental and energypolicies which are strategizing to encourage thesustainable development of China’s economy.

大气治理政策与资源型城市碳减排:基于《大气污染防治行动计划》的视角

在“双碳”目标背景下,审视《大气污染防治行动计划》(简称“《大气十条》”)的碳减排效应对于下一步制定或健全针对性大气治理政策具有重要借鉴意义。本文以《大气十条》的实施作为准自然实验,利用2007−2017年中国272个地级市碳排放数据,探究《大气十条》对资源型城市碳减排的影响及其作用机制。结果表明:《大气十条》的实施能够显著降低资源型城市的碳排放,其政策效应约为7.90%,且在随机抽取处理组、更换被解释变量衡量方式、考虑预期效应、更换样本、剔除极端样本以及排除其他政策干扰等稳健性检验下依旧成立。《大气十条》对财政压力较大、城镇化水平较高、空气流通系数较小的资源型城市的碳减排促进作用更强。机制分析发现,《大气十条》通过推动资源型城市采取调整产业结构、降低能源消耗、加强监管处罚、限制中低端企业进入市场的方式降低碳排放。因此,未来需制定更加具有针对性的大气治理政策,根据城市发展特征和自然禀赋,建立差异化的碳减排考核机制。

Middle East Terrorism,Global Governance and China’s Anti-terror Policy

The anti-terror campaign in the Middle East is the key and influential part of global anti-terror endeavor,which is one of the most challenging global governance issues in the international community.It is closely linked with the transformation of the international system and the reconstruction of the world’s new political and economic order.Within the background of economic globalization,the Middle East Islamic countries are confronted with the problems of promoting reform and development,facilitating institutional reform and social transformation.Internally,the Middle East terrorism originates from the complicated historical,social,religious and ethnic conflicts;externally,the Middle East terrorism hinges on interference,invasion,occupation,and the rival for territory,recourses and interest.China’s anti-terror endeavor aims at protecting its overseas interest and meanwhile,it reflects China’s unique idea and mode of global governance.

“十二五”以来中国应对气候变化政策和行动评述

基于广泛系统的文献梳理和总结,凝练了“十二五”以来中国应对气候变化政策和行动的现状、特点及成效,并提出针对性建议。主要结论包括:从外部环境看,国际形势对中国应对气候变化事业的推动作用呈现递减态势,之前“以外促内”的国内气候治理特点逐步转化为“内生动力为主”和“内外协调”;从政策制定和执行模式看,“集思广益”“上书模式”持续,“上下互动”“智库支持”的政策学习特点更加明显;从政策体系上看,已经形成相对成熟的符合中国国情的完整体系,推动气候治理能力显著提高;从政策总体特点看,呈现规划主导并引领、行政手段先行市场机制跟进、由点到面有序扩展、环境与气候协同治理、中央和地方互动博弈形成动态平衡、短期内政策成本较高等特点。“十二五”至今,中国应对气候变化政策行动效果明显,提前实现了2020年应对气候变化目标,并在污染治理、经济发展等方面产生广泛协同效应。“十三五”中期以来,中国应对气候变化组织管理机构进行了重大调整,从中央到地方气候政策和行动进入调整阶段。同时,更加强调气候政策和环境政策的协同。展望未来,中国应对气候变化政策和行动应该尽快走出调整期,充分利用新体制的优势,以碳总量控制目标为抓手,坚定推动以全国碳排放权交易为中心、多措互补的政策体系,注重适应行动以应对不断放大的气候风险,继续提高公众对应对气候变化政策的认知度、接受度和参与度,并不断加强技术研发和储备。

新形势下政府气候变化政策对国际贸易的影响

随着气候问题成为国际社会最为关注的话题之一,气候变化、国际贸易以及政府气候政策之间的关系也引起了人们的思考。在阐述国际贸易与气候变化之间相互关系的基础上,文章论述了多边贸易体制与气候变化政策潜在的一致性与冲突性,并介绍了各国政府所采取的气候变化政策类型及其对国际贸易的影响,最后提出了我国政府应对气候变化、促进贸易发展的立场与措施。

走向更为积极的气候变化政策与管理

我国目前应对气候变化的策略表现为:将气候变化政策视为可持续发展政策的一部分;在参与全球气候变化的国际协议方面有着鲜明立场;重视气候变化方面的科学研究;把气候变化问题作为环境外交的重要部分;努力吸引公众参与等方面。但在政策的制定和执行中仍缺乏应有的积极性、主动性和前瞻性。我国的气候变化治理结构存在的问题主要包括:缺乏明确的决策机构和执行机构,科学研究对政策制定的支持能力不足,公众参与薄弱,企业减缓气候变化的动力不足。针对这些问题,提出了以“走向更为积极的气候变化政策与管理”为核心的改进治理结构的政策建议。

美国气候变化政策演变及原因和影响分析

从20世纪90年代以来美国气候变化政策几经调整和翻转,其原因根植于美国国内政治的复杂性和两党执政理念的差别性。特朗普当选总统以来,奥巴马"气候遗产"被抛弃,美国处于"气候政策真空"状态。除既有原因之外,美国能源政策的重大调整和外交战略的整体收缩是此次气候政策翻转的重要原因。研究认为,虽然美国政策调整将给美国低碳发展和全球气候治理带来负面影响,但这种影响具有不确定性,长远看或许并不显著;对我国而言,如果应对得当,美国气候和能源政策调整带来的影响将是短期和有限的,而且还可能将负面影响转化为正面影响。

地方政府促进科技成果转化新政策研究

采用内容分析法分析法研究2012年以来我国典型的地方政府促进科技成果转化新政策,探讨地方新政策制定的背景、政策工具的使用与政策着力点的布局情况。构建新的政策支撑体系,指出地方新政在实现巨大突破的同时也存在上下级政策联动不足、特定行政区域内的效力限制、相关配套政策改革不足、专项政策综合作用力不强的风险。最后提出政策改进的建议。

科技服务业研究综述

科技服务业是经济服务化发展的必然产物。通过如下六个方面:科技服务业的概念和发展状况、科技服务业的运行机理、科技服务业的激励政策和发展对策、政府在科技服务业中的作用、科技服务业的服务能力评价以及中西方科技服务业发展模式比较,综述了国内科技服务业的研究内容,以期为制定科技服务业发展对策提供思路和建议。

中国社会工作政策发展的背景、动力与价值

近年来,伴随着全面建成小康社会到全面深化改革、社会建设到社会治理等一系列国家战略议题的提出,党和政府越来越认识到社会工作在应对社会转型问题与实现这些战略任务中的独特优势和可能贡献,并通过制度安排与政策创新促进社会工作加速发展。党的十八届四中全会提出"依法治国"战略,为社会工作行业的制度性发展提供了新的历史契机。依据大卫·豪关于社会工作理论的二分法,社会工作政策可分为"为社会工作发展服务政策"与"社会工作发展政策",它们经由政府、公众与社会工作行业三者推动而得到发展,而它们的价值追寻在于谋求社会工作的合法性与回应政府和社会的需要。

美国科技政策体系研究

介绍美国科技政策的历史沿革,按时间顺序将美国科技政策的历史分为启蒙时期、以军事为主、调整、为经济服务四个阶段。分析美国科技政策的制定和体系结构,分别对里根政府、老布什政府、克林顿政府、小布什政府、奥巴马政府制定的科技政策内容进行概括,提出对我国科技政策制定的启示。

企业技术创新中的政府科技投入影响效应

本文基于中国科技数据,利用面板数据模型对企业技术创新中的政府科技投入影响效应进行实证研究。文章分析了政府工业与公共研发投入、企业内部与外部研发投入等基本因素,提出理论假设,构建产业-时期面板数据模型并进行验证。结果表明,吸收政府工业研发投入和政府公共研发投入分别对企业研发投入和内部研发投入具有直接激励效应,对企业新产品收入分别具有综合和间接促进效应;企业内部研发投入具有关键中介效应。