Construction of building energy conservation incentive policies under government regulation: Based on the subjects' behavior analysis

Building energy efficiency is a long-term strategy to achieve sustainable development, but the inconsistencies of main interests during the implementation lead to the need for government regulation in building energy conservation. Implementation of building energy efficiency of government regulation covers three aspects of construction and involves relevant participators, so the paper analyzes interests and roles of the related subjects in building energy saving, explore the motivations and its conversion mechanism of each player, and dissect the game relationship of associated earnings of developers' and consumers' behaviors selection under government control. Finally, the paper proposes basic requirements of building incentive policies for related subjects under government control to regulate the main behaviors of subjects in building energy efficient buildings and achieve energy efficiency goals and balance of all parties' benefits.

The AHP-Based Assessment of Public Services With Respect to Different Groups of Customers of Polish Local Government

The situation of the contemporary economic systems is based on their ability to ensure optimal response to the customer needs. There are several important groups of clients, who may determine development processes and who are recipients of public services. They include： residents, entrepreneurs, tourists, and State Treasury. Local governments are equipped with a range of legal instruments to provide public services addressed to the selected clients. The objective of this paper is to present the application of the AHP method to assess the significance of the selected categories of public services for different groups of clients in Poland. The results allow setting priorities for future policy and adjust the tasks to the specific expectations of each group of clients. The model of assessment of public services was built using the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）. Since the 1970＇s, this multicriteria decision-support method has been used by researchers and practitioners in many areas of socioeconomic life. The case study presented in this paper involved 14 experts--public administration workers in one of the districts in Southern Poland. The survey consisted of two stages. First, they assessed--using the AHP--the influence of each group of customers on local development processes. The most important was ＂business＂ （priority 38.7%）, followed by ＂tourists＂ （29.7%）, ＂citizens＂ （26.1%）, and ＂central administration＂ （5.5%）. Second, they evaluated at the five-point Liken scale the influence of over 20 different public services with respect to different groups of clients. The results were aggregated using arithmetic mean and multiplied by the priorities of the clients. The synthesized final score indicated the most significant public activities overall, which were ＂roads＂ （4.16）, ＂transport＂ （3.93）, and ＂tourism＂ （3.84）.

Plight and Path of Rural Collaborative Governance from the Subjective Perspective of Epistemology

It has become a trend for rural areas to develop from unified governance to multi-body governance.The goal of rural governance modernization further aggravates the non-applicability of the current system of"township administration and villager's self-government".And the problems such as the inaccurate positioning among the bodies of rural governance,the mismatching of power and responsibility,and the imperfectness of collaborative governance mechanism are becoming more and more obvious,which seriously restricts the development of rural economy and society.Presently,the root of the rural collaborative governance plight lies in the inadequate understanding on the of governance bodies.The key to get out of the plight is the implementation of rural revitalization strategy,cultivation of new farmers,and collaboration governance.Therefore,rural governance should not be limited to the administrative village area,but be collectively governed by village,inter-village,urban and rural areas.The paper reunderstands the rural governance bodies,explores the plight and the root of rural collaborative governance,and puts forward an effective path for rural collaborative governance,all from the subjective perspective of epistemology.

Political Administration through the Network from the Perspective of Public Govemance

Political administration through the network is a positive response of the governmental governance model to the information age from the perspective of public governance. Political administration through the network means that public governance appears on the Internet and the government generates an interactive and interdependent relationship with the society and the public, for the ultimate purpose of archiving the public governance. In this paper, on the basis of public governance theory, the important significance and positive effect of the political administration through the network is shown by combining with the governmental governance model change in the information age.

New Category List of Import and Export Commodities Subject to Inspection Implemented by State Administration of Import and Export Commodity Inspection

In light of the needs of China’s foreign economic and trade development and the regulations of the Law of Commodity Inspection, the State Administration of Import and Export Commodity Inspection issued a readjusted Category List of Import and Export Commodities Subject to Inspection Implemented by the Institutions of Commodity Inspection, and it is implemented officially on July 1, 1995. The new category list is compiled on the classified basis of the Commodity Names and Code Coordination System used widely around the world. The commodity code and name are identical to the Commodity List of the Custom Statisticsrelating to which there are 2。

Administration与Government文化语义辨析及其翻译

本文分析了英语（尤其是美国英语）中administration与government的文化语义差异，认为administration的词义核心是“行政分芰”，将administration翻译为汉语的“政府”不够妥当，该词的恰当汉译为“行府”，而government的汉译是“政府”

The impact of big data tax administration on corporate ESG—A quasi-natural experiment based on Golden Tax Project Ⅲ

Environmental,social and governance(ESG)practices are pivotal to global sustainability yet face challenges.Based on the implementation of Golden Tax Project Ⅲ,we find that big data tax administration decreases corporate ESG performance.Mechanism tests indicate that Golden Tax Project Ⅲ can reduce tax avoidance,cash flow and green innovation,thereby inhibiting ESG through the“taxation effect.”Conversely,the project can reduce agency costs and improve information transparency,thus promoting ESG performance through the“governance effect.”Overall,however,the project inhibits corporate ESG performance.According to further analysis,the negative effect on ESG performance mainly impacts the environmental responsibility(E)element.This paper provides insights relevant to advancing China’s“dual carbon”policy and formulating a“Chinese approach”to global sustainable development.

The gap report of global climate change mitigation, finance, and governance after the United States declared its withdrawal from the Paris Agreement

On 1 June 2017, the US President Donald Trump officially announced the withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, thus the study on the reasons of withdrawal, the potential impacts, and coping strategies has become a focus among policy circles and of the international community. Based on the self-developed US Policy Assessment Model, this paper systematically evaluates the three potential ＂major deficits＂ in terms of mitigation, climate finance, and global climate governance, as a result of the US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and puts forward policy suggestions for coping with such transformations accordingly. The study shows that the United States ＇withdrawal from the Paris Agreement will affect the existence and implementation of successive climate policies and result in an additional 8.8-13.4% increase in the global emissions reduction deficit. The United States＇ withdrawal will also deteriorate the existing climate finance mechanism. The Green Climate Fund （GCF）＇s funding gap will increase by USS2 billion, while the gap of long-term climate finance will increase by about USS5 billion a year. Either the China-EU or the ＂BASIC plus＂ mechanism could fill the governance deficit caused by the United States and the lack of political momentum may continue for a while in the future.

Study on Ecological Compensation Policy among the Micro Subjects on Water Energy Resources Development

The subjects of ecological compensation involve the nation, society, development enterprises of wa-ter-energy resources, as well as the location of resource itself. This paper systematically studies on how to make “water energy sources market compensation policy”, “the economic compensation policy for relevant interest subjects” and “the ecological compensation policy of basin ecological water.” So, it is necessary to exert the complementary function between market compensation and government compensation by the means of economic compensation and to establish the ecological compensation policy of basin ecological water, which is beneficial to coordinating the stakeholders’ interests of cross-region or inter-basin. And it is important and significant to establish constantly perfected ecological compensation policy among the micro subjects on water energy resources development, so as to coordinate interest relationships among various subjects and finally reach the aim of sustainable use of water energy resources and environmental protection as possible.

Reform and Reconstruction of the Rural Elderly Care Service System in the New Era

With decades of hard work,socialism with Chinese characteristics has crossed the threshold into a new era.The transformation of the principal contradiction in the new era has imposed new and higher requirements on the rural elderly care service system.However,the current service system based on welfare-multiplex and urban community environment is often difficult to operate in the rural areas of central and western China.And the urban home care service for the aged is inappropriate to the rural reality;community service for the aged faces difficulties in practice;institution care for the aged develops slowly;the synergy among different elderly care service models is poor.Through observing the rural areas of central and western China in the field for a long time,this paper proposes to build the rural elderly care service system based on family supporting,supported by community mutual assistance care,supplemented by institution care for the aged,combined with medical care,and localized with diversified forms for targeted groups according to different realities.And the system should follow the fundamental guidance of development-oriented family policy,adhere to the governance mode of multiple subjects with one core and respect rural reality,which could provide a feasible way for the reform and reconstruction of the rural elderly care service system.

The E-Government in Local Governance and Its Contribution to the Regional Development: A Comparative Study

The purpose of this article is to designate the impact of the implementation of e-governance in municipalities and to suggest some proposals for further growth. More specific, in the first chapter, there is a theoretical approach of e-governance by presenting its definition and describing the current situation of the progression of e-governance to these municipalities. In the second chapter, it is presented a comparison between these municipalities about the implementation and progress of e-governance among them. Finally, in the third and last chapter, there are the conclusions and some proposals for future growth of e-governance to these municipalities.

The Emergence of Illiberal Democracy in the European Union:The Hungarian Case

In 2010,the Hungarian government established so-called“illiberal democracy.”Western courtiers have looked on with bewilderment over the past eight years at this political trajectory of Hungary.Some post-Communist countries that were committed to common European values,have already been implementing this illiberal democracy model.The perceived interests of the“nation”are taking centre stage and governments are subject to far fewer checks and balances.They are turning instead towards an alternative social,political,and economic model,in which the cultivation of traditional values and distinct national identities are of paramount ideological importance.This new model is frequently characterised by widespread,systematic state corruption,and an increasingly authoritarian political culture.The paper tries to shed light on the reasons of development of illiberal democracy in the European Union by examining the case in Hungary.Furthermore,the paper defines the price of partially giving up certain principles of liberal democracy,such as checks and balances,political pluralism,economic equality of market constituents,or the rule of law,in return of hoped greater economic and state efficiency.

Devolution of Sta. Ana Davao Port： Then and Now

Better seaport operation is one of the indicators that a city is achieving its goals towards progress and development. The Sta. Ana Davao Port for example is one of the many seaports in Region XI that caters to thousands of passengers going from one terminal to another and from one island to another. In this study, it will revisit the status of Sta. Davao Port from the time when it was devolved from the national goverrmaent under Philippine Ports Authority （PPA） to local government of Davao City. The devolution was in accordance with the Memorandum of Agreement by two parties, which clearly stipulates the full-control of operation of the local government of Davao City with an end view of bringing more investors, tourist hubs and other business related concerns. This study utilized descriptive-evaluative method using interview guide question as a qualitative approach in gathering data. The participants were the former employees of the PPA and the current management of Sta. Ana Davao Port under the local government. Data gathered were analyzed using Nvivo software for qualitative research and content analysis to obtain factual information direct from the participants. It was found out that most of the employees agreed that the office needs improvement in terms of physical, financial and human aspects. For several years, the passengers of both local and foreign shipping lines were complaining on its limited berthing capacities, saturated container yards and even worse the collapse of the berthing area which resulted to the delay of transactions in the operation of the vessels. In spite of employees claimed that prior to devolution of Sta. Ana Davao Port to the local government of Davao City, the operation was well-managed and maintained, thereby resulted to passengers＇ satisfaction. Thus, the researchers aimed to provide an action plan as basis by the management of the Sta. Davao Port to achieve its vision, missions and goals.

Assessing performance of cross-administrative environment governance based on PSR model:An empirical analysis of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

As an effective environment governance tool,environment governance performance evaluation is an important content and method to promote the modernization of environment governance system and governance ability.The environmental pollution of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has typical cross-administrative characteristics.Based on the analysis of the major environmental pollution problems in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,according to the international environment governance PSR model,a performance evaluation system that applies to the environment governance of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is established.Meanwhile,the principal component analysis method is applied to conduct an empirical analysis of the environmental governance panel data for the 13 major cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2014 to 2016.The results show that most of the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region attach great importance to reduction of emission and pollutants,continuously alleviating the stress of environmental governance.However,the overall improvement of the environment governance performance in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has presented a polarization imbalance.There is a clear tendency for subjective biases in the implementation of environment governance and a lack of comprehensive and systematic governance.According to the environment governance performance evaluation result of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the cross-administrative regional environment governance should improve the environment governance performance evaluation system as soon as possible,strengthen the consistency of the environment governance objectives,and implement comprehensive and systematic governance for the regional environment.

Research on cognitive load evaluation with subjective method in manual assembly

Subjective scales have different kinds of applicability in diverse fields.This study intends to implement a quantitative approach to determine the applicability of subjective scales in manual as-sembly work and evaluate the cognitive load of assembly workers.A multi-scale research paradigm based on subjective evaluation method is proposed.Three typical task stages are extracted from the process of assembly work.The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index(NASA-TLX)scale,PAAS scale and Workload Profile Index Ratings(WP)scale are selected for the design of 3×3 multi-factor mixed experiment.The power spectrum density(PSD)characteris-tics of electroencephalogram(EEG)are utilized to identify the difficulty levels of the three task sta-ges.The relevant indicators of scale applicability are assessed.The results show that in terms of sensitivity,NASA-TLX scale reaches the highest sensitivity(F=999.137,P=0<0.05).In terms of validity,NASA-TLX scale possesses the best concurrent validity(P=0.0255<0.05).In terms of diagnosticity,NASA-TLX scale based on 6 dimensions takes on the best diagnostic performance.In terms of subject acceptability,WP scale performs the worst.According to the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)model,the applicability scores of NASA-TLX scale,PAAS scale and WP scale are determined as 3,2.55 and 1.6714,respectively.Therefore,NASA-TLX scale is regarded as the most suitable subjective evaluation questionnaire for assembly workers,which is also an effective quantitative evaluation method for the cognitive load of assembly workers.

“双减”背景下课后服务协同治理的现实困境与纾解策略

课后服务是深入推进“双减”政策的重要制度补充和保障,从“自上而下”的行政推动走向“上下互动”的协同治理是提升课后服务质量的必然选择。课后服务协同治理的核心是通过“价值共识—权力配置—行动网络—制度支持”四维联动,重构政府、学校、社会、家庭等多元主体之间的新型关系,协同推进课后服务质量的提升。基于课后服务协同治理分析框架发现,当前课后服务协同治理存在价值目标分离、多元主体权责模糊、协同合作机制缺位、制度保障供给不足等问题。课后服务协同治理应构建以公共利益为核心的目标导向,重构政府主导、学校主阵地、家庭主人翁、社会积极参与的多元治理主体权责关系,搭建合作、互动、协商的行动网络,持续增加资源、制度供给创新,构建良好的课后服务治理生态,助推“双减”走深走实。

我国行政体制的现状、变化与改革

我国采用网状行政体制,虽然推进了多种类型改革措施,均未解决体制存在的部门分割和信息壁垒问题。数字时代,随着案卷材料等数据化,数据成为重要行政资源。数字治理未改变科层级体制,但促进了平台型、整体型、多元共治型行政体制的形成和发展,数据共享及业务协同促成了行政活动中的线型行政体制。数字时代须改革科层制行政体制,减少管理层级,建立扁平化、线型行政体制。行政体制改革的重点是纵向不同层级政府间事权差异化配置,推行“省直管县”改革和“设区的市”与市辖区一级管理体制。数字时代行政机关之间的协助、配合成为常态,跨部门全面综合行政执法体制已无必要,不同部门、层级、地区协调、配合的全国一体化行政执法体制成为必然。宜将各类行政登记职责上升为中央事权,国家成立统一登记机构集中办理居民身份、婚姻、工商、不动产等登记事项。

数字素养促进农民参与乡村治理吗?——基于主观社会经济地位和政治效能感的中介作用分析

基于2021年中国社会状况综合调查(Chinese Social Survey)数据,通过构建有序Logit回归模型和中介效应模型检验了数字素养对农民乡村治理参与行为的作用效应和影响机制。研究发现:数字素养显著正向影响农民的乡村治理参与行为;除数字金融素养外,不同层面的数字素养都对农民参与乡村治理有显著的促进作用;主观社会经济地位和外在政治效能感在数字素养对农民乡村治理参与行为的影响过程中发挥正向的部分中介作用。研究结果表明,为提升乡村治理效能,既要注重乡村数字基础设施的配套建设,弥合接入层的数字鸿沟,也要完善对农村居民的数字教育体系,最大限度地释放数字红利,提高村民的政治效能感。

新时代教育评价改革多元主体的行动逻辑

随着“构建政府、学校、社会等多元参与的评价体系”这一改革目标的提出,多元主体在新时代教育评价改革中的价值与作用亟需明确。审视教育评价的本质,可以发现:破解“五唯”问题,推进改革不断深入的关键在于打破评价主体的“单主体论”,转向价值主体、评价主体、治理主体的“多主体论”;价值主体、评价主体、治理主体分别以表达价值诉求、履行评价责任、联结主体行动,助推有差异、有动能、有组织的改革落地。然而,当前教育评价改革中多元价值主体诉求的虚置性介入、多元评价主体知能的无力性介入和多元治理主体组织的缺位性介入,致使改革陷入同质、空泛、低效的困境。对此,可以通过权利下沉、教育赋能、秩序重组,来推动教育评价改革不断深入。文章对新时代教育评价改革多元主体行动逻辑的阐释,可以为构建多元主体参与的教育评价体系提供理论参考。

非正式治理的制度化运作:管区制与乡镇治理现代化的路径选择

管区作为一种非正式的组织设置,在乡镇与村级治理单元之间建构出实体性质的中间结构,具有低成本、非正式性和制度稳定性等特点,成为乡镇政权的延伸。管区设置虽然增加了乡镇内部的“委托—代理”层级,但通过行政体制上的形式化设置和实践中的非正式运作,具有了超越科层体制约束的优势,借助激励动员和组织重构实现了有效治理。管区借助乡镇内部人力资源的重新配置,在不变体制的情况下进行机制创新,实现了非正式治理的制度化运作,匹配了当前乡村社会转型和治理转型的需求,成为当前强国家治理背景下探索乡镇治理现代化的一条可行路径。