A Systematic Review of Blockchain Technology for Government Information Sharing

Government information sharing(GIS)refers to that act of required or provided for duty government information,commercial information and public welfare information,and it is a basic issue of government services.However,the existing GIS has low transparency and is lack of flexibility between different departments.Aiming at such problems,this paper takes blockchain as a solusion,and systematically summarizes the development of digital GIS,the advantages and challenges of blockchain and its theoretical research and practical applications.Specifically,it reviews e-government interactive structure,big data and other solutions,analyses their imperfections,and puts forward blockchain-based solutions.The blockchain improves government service efficiency and data security,meanwhile it faces challenges in throughput and supervision.In order to meet these challenges,researchers propose solutions based on three data exchange scenarios:government-to-government,government-to-enterprise and government-toindividual.In addition to researches,blockchain-based GIS is put into use.The electronic licensing project of Nanjing(China)government is taken as an example to illustrate that blockchain has the ability to openly and securely verify,track,and exchange data,so as to improve management ability and public service level of government agencies.

Construction of an evaluation system for information openness of local governments

Evaluating government openness is important in monitoring government performance and promoting government transparency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an evaluation system for information openness of local governments. In order to select evaluation indicators, we conducted a content analysis on current evaluation systems constructed by researchers and local governments and the materials of a case study on a local government. This evaluation system is composed of 5 first-tier indicators, 30 secondtier indicators and 69 third-tier indicators. Then Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) Method are adopted to determine the weight of each indicator. At last, the practicability of the system is tested by an evaluation of the local government of Tianjin Binhai New Area, which has been undergoing administrative reform and attempting to reinvent itself in the past 5 years.

Research on the Strategy of Information Resource Sharing between Governments in the Perspective of Game Theory

In order to improve the operational efficiency, the government can realize the streamlining policy through the mode of government information resource sharing. By building government information resources sharing, the government breaks the inter-departmental data island. The government realizes the development direction and trend of “Internet government”. This paper also takes the information resource sharing as the game process between the government management department and the information resource sharing body, and analyzes the policy and suggestion of the information resource sharing in the perspective of game theory by constructing the sharing model of the government information resource in the perspective of game theory.

Current status and future development of Chinese Government Public Information Online

Since its launch last year, the Chinese Government Public Information Online(CGPIO) platform's basic construction has developed rapidly. This paper describes the technology and service status of the platform, analyzes its problems, and details the future development of the alliance platform in the future.

The Public Law Construction of Government Agencies’Obligations to Disclose When Handling Personal Information in the Digital Age

The protection of personal information plays an extremely important role in the construction of digital government.The duty to inform is a prerequisite core obligation that the government should fulfill in processing personal information,a concrete expression of the right to self-determination of personal information,and a prerequisite for the right to protection of personal information that works as a fundamental right to defense the intrusion from the government,as well as a procedural regulatory tool to restrain the government’s information power and prevent the risk of infringement.As the rules on the processing of personal information and the duty to inform have both the nature of public law,the government’s processing of personal information is also public law in nature,especially because of the constitutional value and power control function of the duty to inform,the construction of a system for the duty to inform cannot be copied from the rules applicable to private subjects,but should be tailored to the public law characteristics of the government’s processing of personal information,overcoming the shortcomings of the current rough and fragmented legislation,and set up a systematic regulation based on the public law in term of the legal subject,procedure,content,consequences of obligation violations and legal protection.

A survey of public needs for government information service in libraries

Purpose:This paper describes a comprehensive user survey carried out in China to investigate public needs for government information service in libraries.It is expected to provide insights into the ways to help public libraries meet the user needs.Design/methodology/approach:The paper is founded on a survey among library users,librarians and non-library users.Paper questionnaires were distributed in the National Library of China and 32 provincial public libraries in China and electronic questionnaires were sent to non-library users.A total of 909 valid questionnaires were collected.Findings:A lot of attention is paid to policies,laws and regulations relating to common people’s work and lives such as science,technology,education,culture,finance,market supervision,health care,sports,urban construction and environment protection.A wide variety of government information resources is needed and information delivered to users shall be accurate and timely.Internet has become the main means of accessing government information and mobile phones the preferred Web access channel,while printed materials are considered important information sources.Users need assistance and training in the use of library information resources and services.Research limitations:The sample was limited to respondents from provincial-level public libraries,but city and county-level library users were not included.Practical implications:The survey results are beneficial for the Chinese public libraries to design service programs and improve their services.Originality/value:The paper is one of the comprehensive surveys on public needs for government information service in the Chinese libraries and some of die findings will be of wider interest for other libraries.

Regulations on Open Government Information

On April 24, 2007 the State Council promulgated Regulations of the People＇s Republic of China on Open Governrnent Information （referred to as Regulations below）, which will become effective on May 1, 2008. As the first administrative role of the central government of China that aims to safeguard the public＇s right to know, the Regulations are of great significance in China＇s democratization and its establishment of the role of law.

On China's Protection of Citizens' Right to Be Informed and Construction of Government Information Publicity System

I. The Unfolding Situation of the Philosophy of Right to Be Informed in China and Early Construction of Government Information Publicity System The origin of the thought,known as China＇s protection of right to be informed and the construction of government information publicity system

Enforcement of Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Disclosure of Government Information and Continual Development of a Group of Basic Human Rights

Introduction 2013 saw the sixth anniversary of the formulation of Regulations of the People＇s Republic of China on Disclosure of Government Information （hereinafter referred to as the Regulations） and the fifth anniversary of their being put into effect. As the Regulations were stipulated and put into force,

An Overview of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Jordan: Review the Literature of Usage, Benefits and Barriers

This paper presented a background of the extent of the ICT, IT, and EC-B2B in Jordan. It was mentioned that the development of the ICT in Jordan brings benefits to the enterprises and their TPs. In this paper the EC-B2B systems’ readiness in Jordan is defined as the degree of preparation of a nation or community to participate in and benefits from ICT development. The government in Jordan has taken forceful measures towards adoption IT and IS applications and Internet awareness. In 2010, it was reported from the DOS in Jordanthat the percentage of individual Internet usage did not exceed 4.7 percent of the population inJordan[1]. This paper highlighted through subsections on the benefits and risks faced EC-B2B system adoption in Jordan. Based on the recent studies and reports in Jordan, the EC-B2B system adoption was mainly adopted by large enterprises in the supply chain rather than by SMEs. The study concluded that the main two barriers of ICT development and adoption inJordanare organizational readiness including lack of new education methods, and lack of information and knowledge.

省级政务大数据平台建设模式研究与启示

建设高质量政务大数据资源平台是实现跨部门、跨区域、跨层级政务信息集成融合,加快建设数字政府、提升公共服务和社会治理等数字智能化水平的重要基础工程。首先,回顾我国电子政务发展历程,并总结出传统省级政务大数据平台的3种建设模式以及存在的问题,即数据鲜活性低、数据一致性差、业务协同管理难、基础支撑力弱和总体投入高。其次,对江苏信用一体化信息资源管控平台进行案例分析,阐述以江苏案例为例的原因,针对传统建设模式存在的问题,提出对应的解决思路和总体架构设计,并梳理出江苏案例的4个借鉴价值。最后,在总结江苏研究和实践经验的基础上,归纳出5点建议,为各省研究、制定省级政务大数据平台的建设指南等政策性文件提供参考。

Analysis of Factors that Affect Government Digitization:A Pilot Case Study of Pakistan

One of the greatest factors that affects the economic condition of a country is its institutions.In the model of good governance,the primary elements for stronger institution include efficiency,transparency,and accountability;and technology plays a major role in improving these elements.However,there are myriad of challenges when it comes to practical integration of technology in these institutions for efficiency.It is more challenging when a country is developing and one that is already weak economically.It is also important to mention that the challenges of digitization in public sector is not limited to developing countries only.It is equally challenging,even today,in already developed countries to digitally transform their public institutions for improved policymaking and for responsive service delivery.Many factors contribute to the failure of such digitization initiatives,more so within developing countries.And the purpose of this paper is to identify those factors,to measure the significance of each of those factors,and to realize and overcome them.This research considered the case study of Pakistan;however,the results are very likely to match the conditions of other developing regions around the world.Through questionnaires and interviews,valuable feedback was gathered from up to 25 senior government officers that are closely associated with digitization initiatives in public sector.The feedback to the questions were overall unanimous.The results indicate the most significant of factors that affect government digitization in this developing region,including some factors that were not expected.

The Electronic Government of Quebec——The Canadian Experience

The adoption of technology in all its forms, especially information technology, is effectively achieved by the success of e-government through the quality of public electronic services provided by this type of government. In order to maximize the effectiveness of E-government and realize its vast potential, several fundamental conditions must exist tofacilitate an enabling environment.The main purpose of this study was to provide effective mechanisms and procedures that define the e-government environment in Quebec and to demonstrate their capacity (or lack thereof) for assessing and developing e-governance in Canada. This was achieved through a theoretical analysis of the fundamental indicators of information and communication technology and some critical measures in terms of human, political, legal, and administrative resource capacities to perform this kind of management at the level of Quebec State in Canada.

Growth Model of Local Government Websites

To clarify the concept framework to assess web based information systems (WIS) evolution from an information perspective instead of the usual systems perspective, and to seek for in-depth understanding of maturing patterns of WISs based on the framework, several central concepts related to the information aspect of WIS are firstly discussed, then a growth model of local government websites based on a survey study is proposed.

More Government Transparency for Enhanced Human Rights Protection

Since 2007 when Regulations on Government Information Disclosure was adopted, the State Council has issued almost a dozen documents to guide government information disclosure around the country. These documents have gradually expanded the scope of disclosure and recognized the significant role of transparency in promoting the rights to information, participation and supervision, and in building a government that is innovative, impartial and operating under the law. Meanwhile, these documents have, in both theory and practice, exceeded the limit of the Regulations, posing a challenge to increasing government transparency proposed at the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee.

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government's debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China's slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China's provincial government data for the 2006–2012 period to examine the effect of the disclosure of financial information by local governments on their debt financing costs.The results show that financial information disclosure is conducive to public supervision and enhances government credibility,leading to a decrease in the cost of debt financing.Furthermore,increased government economic intervention increases the strength of the association between financial information disclosure and the cost of debt financing.Increased government audit prevention function weakens the strength of the association between financial information disclosure and the cost of debt financing.

Public access to information and open governance in Kenya

This paper investigates the role of public access to information in open governance in Kenya;identifies the factors affecting access to public information in Kenya;establishes the extent to which access to public information has influenced open governance in Kenya;and recommends strategies to enhance open governance through access of public information in Kenya.The paper is based on a qualitative study designed as an exploratory survey.Qualitative data was collected through key informant interviews with staff of the Commission on Administrative Justice(Office of the Ombudsman),which is tasked with implementing the Act,and documentary analysis.Content analysis of reports generated by implementing or oversight agencies was also conducted.The findings of the study show that the implementation of the Access to Information Act(2016)has had major contributions to the attainment of Kenya's commitments to open governance.Access to information underlies initiatives relating to open data sharing,beneficial ownership and access to justice.However,the implementation of the Act in Kenya faces challenges such as lack of funding,corruption,low levels of citizen awareness,and a culture of secrecy.The study recommends that the government should set up monitoring mechanisms to evaluate milestones of open governance initiatives such as the Act so as to be able to better evaluate the contributions of each commitment internally rather than relying on external evaluators.

Improving Sustainability by Privatizing Wildlife Conservation

The purpose of this study is to improve environmental sustainability by identifying the most sustainable/least fragile of the three major wildlife conservation access models—open, government, and private—under varying environmental and socioeconomic conditions. The private access model is the most sustainable of the three major conservation models because it provides the best information and incentives to balance the needs of humans and wildlife, maintain general wildlife habitat, and adapt quickly to changing environmental and/or socioeconomic conditions. Government-controlled access, however, can be employed as a model of last resort if the private access model shows signs of failing to protect specific species from local extirpation or extinction, which it is most likely to do for migratory species, species with close commercial substitutes, and species with no direct commercial value. Government regulators may also be needed to enforce property rights arrangements like catch shares and to monitor resources that remain open access in case socioeconomic or environmental conditions change sufficiently to trigger the tragedy of the commons. Most treatments of wildlife regulation default to various iterations of the government access model and fail even to consider the costs and benefits of private and open access models. The analysis here instead shows the conditions in which each conservation access model is most appropriate: open when a resource is in high supply and low demand, private most of the time, and government when the others fail to slow resource depopulation/depletion.

China’s Government Information Capacity,Medical Resource Allocation and COVID−19 Prevention and Control

The fight against the COVID−19 epidemic is a war against an“invisible enemy”.Access to accurate information and appropriate allocation of medical resources are key to containing the spread of the virus as soon as possible.The Chinese government has great power to collect information from individuals and basic-level organizations.It also has strong ability to pool and allocate medical resources.The fight against COVID−19 can be deemed as a quasi-natural experiment and based on this,we examine how government information capacity and medical resource allocation influence epidemic prevention and control in 286 Chinese cities(prefecture level and above).The fi ndings are as follows:(1)Government information capacities improve the effectiveness of prevention and control policies.At city level,for every 0.1 point of increase in government information capacity score,the number of confi rmed cases will reduce by 66.5,and the number of deaths per 10000 people will be down by 0.008.(2)The quantity of medical resources available has no direct influence on the effectiveness of epidemic prevention and control,but higher allocation efficiency does bring higher effectiveness.(3)The government can,on the one hand,allocate public resources based on information,and on the other hand guide the flow of social resources by releasing relevant information.Both can improve the allocation efficiency of medical resources.These fi ndings have some policy implications for improving global emergency management.

Study of Construction of Personalized Service Oriented Government Virtual Information Service Center

In this paper, we proposed the idea of personalized information service for enterprises and customers through government visual information service center (GVISC). It discusses an extensible, reusable, reconstructive and integrated framework of GVISC with new techniques, such as XML, agent, data mining and information portal. They include the design and analysis of the logical structure, the design of the data layer, and the description of the function application. We show an example of personalized information service for forest fire prevention in the government virtual information service center.