Recent Activities of the Board of Governors of Acta Materialia Inc.

July 2007-July 2008 This report highlights the actions, discussions, and the general activities of the Board of the Governors of Acta Materialia Inc. over the past year. It covers the Board

A Practical Approach of Developing Mathematical Model for All Speed Governors

The paper introduced a special approach for diesel’s all-speed-governor modeling, which, in some cases, could solve the knotty problem frequently met in computer simulation of diesel propulsion system or diesel generating set. Suppose that it is hard to get a control-oriented governor mathematical model when the general approaches, the analytical approach or the experimental approach, are applied, and that an open-loop step response of the diesel engine and its system is available by means of computer simulation, the critical three parameters of a governor mathematical model, the proportional gain K_p, integral time constant K_i, and derivative time constant K_d, can be determined by use of PID tuning method which are widely applied in industrial process control. This paper discussed the train of thought of the approach, precondition, procedure, several modifications of the classical PID model, and some points for attention. A couple of case studies were given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.

Study on Calibrating of Electronic Governors

The control parameters of electronic governor that influence the transient characteristics of the engine are analyzed.An electric control unit was developed and the control parameters were calibrated on the test bench.The initial value of integral term and the maximum output of rack position proportion,integration and derivation（PID）controller affect the step and triangle response drastically.Through correcting the proportional term and integral term of speed PID controller,the dynamic speed drop and speed overshoot are improved.A property control strategy for cold starting an engine is set,and the calibration process indicates that the fuel injected into the cylinder per cycle and the desired speed ascend rate drastically affect the start transient process.

Jiangxi attends Fifth China-US Governors Forum

The Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and the National Governors Association held the Fifth China-US Governors Forum in the state of Kentucky in the United States from May 22 to 24.As this year marks the 34 th anniversary of Jiangxi province’s friendship with Kentucky.

President Li Xiaolin and her Japanese counterpart co-chair forum for Chinese and Japanese governors

On May 11,the 3rd Forum of Governors from China and Japan—co-hosted by the CPAFFC,the China-Japan Friendship Association and the Japanese National Governors Association—was successfully held in Sapporo,Hokkaido,Japan.Premier Li Keqiang and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe attended the opening

Vice President Xie Yuan Meets with Delegation of Colombian Governors

On Oce 11,Vice-President Xie Yuan met with the delegation headed by Mr.Amilkar Acosta,Executive President of Colombian National Federation of Departments.Xie welcomed Mr.Amilkar Acosta;Mr.Sigifredo Salazar,governor of Risaralda;and Mr.Nebio de Jesus Echeverry,governor of Guaviare.He briefly introduced the CPAFFC and reviewed the

NPC Standing Committee Vice Chairman Ismail Amat Meeting with Finnish Governors Delegation

Invited by the CPAFFC, a Finnish governors delegation with Peter Lindback, governor of the Province of Aland as the head, and Jorma Ahonen, first deputy governor of the Province of Eastern Finland, as his deputy visited China in April. Ismail Amat, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, met with the delegation in the Great Hall of the People on April 14. The Vice Chairman spoke highly of the friendly relations between the two countries and briefed the guests on China’s economic development during the meeting.

The Third China-US Governors Forum Held in the US

"Relatives and friends become closer with increasing visits to each other.Over the past 30 years,the development of China-US relations has won support of local authorities and the people in both countries.It will continue to draw strength from and deliver benefits to them."—From the

考虑海洋环境-船体-螺旋桨-主机之间的动态相互作用的船舶在实海况下的油耗预报

The fuel consumption of a ship has always been an important research topic,but nowadays its importance has even increased as it is directly related to a ship’s greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,which is now tightly regulated.In this paper,such a dynamic model is presented.The ship’s resistance in calm water and propeller’s performance in open water are required as input.The hull efficiency is estimated empirically.The diesel engine is modelled by a first-order transfer function with a delayed response and its performance is calibrated with the data from the manufacturer’s catalogue.A governor is applied to maintain the pre-set engine’s rotational speed and to control the engine fuel rate.A slope limiter is employed to approximate the actual engine operation during engine transients.The default values can be obtained from the manufacturer engine load acceptance diagram.The developed model is implemented in MATLAB SIMULINK environment.After validation against third-party published results,the influence of using different types of governors on ship speed and fuel consumption is investigated.The model is also applied to simulate the fuel consumption of a ship during a typical acceleration manoeuvre and the scenario of a real ship encountering harsh weather conditions.

An OP-TEE Energy-Efficient Task Scheduling Approach Based on Mobile Application Characteristics

Trusted Execution Environment(TEE)is an important part of the security architecture of modern mobile devices,but its secure interaction process brings extra computing burden to mobile devices.This paper takes open portable trusted execution environment(OP-TEE)as the research object and deploys it to Raspberry Pi 3B,designs and implements a benchmark for OP-TEE,and analyzes its program characteristics.Furthermore,the application execution time,energy consumption and energy-delay product(EDP)are taken as the optimization objectives,and the central processing unit(CPU)frequency scheduling strategy of mobile devices is dynamically adjusted according to the characteristics of different applications through the combined model.The experimental result shows that compared with the default strategy,the scheduling method proposed in this paper saves 21.18%on average with the Line Regression-Decision Tree scheduling model with the shortest delay as the optimization objective.The Decision Tree-Support Vector Regression(SVR)scheduling model,which takes the lowest energy consumption as the optimization goal,saves 22%energy on average.The Decision Tree-K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN)scheduling model with the lowest EDP as the optimization objective optimizes about 33.9%on average.

Editor

July 2007-July 2008 This report highlights the actions, discussions, and the general activities of the Board of the Governors of Acta Materialia Inc. over the past year. It covers the Board meetings

Electro-acupuncture at Conception and Governor vessels and transplantation of umbilical cord bloodderived mesenchymal stem cells for treating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is a novel means of treating cerebral ischemia/reper- fusion, and can promote angiogenesis and neurological functional recovery. Acupuncture at Conception and Governor vessels also has positive effects as a treatment for cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion. Therefore, we hypothesized that electro-acupuncture at Conception and Governor vessels plus mesenchymal stem cell transplantation may have better therapeutic effects on the promotion of angiogenesis and recovery of neurological function than either treatment alone. In the present study, human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated, cultured, identified and intracranially transplanted into the striatum and subcortex of rats at 24 hours following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Subsequently, rats were electro-acupunctured at Conception and Governor vessels at 24 hours after transplantation. Modified neurological severity scores and immunohistochemistry findings revealed that the combined interventions of electro-acupuncture and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation clearly improved neurological impairment and up-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor expression around the isch- emic focus. The combined intervention provided a better outcome than mesenchymal stem cell transplantation alone. These findings demonstrate that electro-acupuncture at Conception and Governor vessels and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation have synergetic effects on promot- ing neurological function recovery and angiogenesis in rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

Effects of decompression joint Governor Vessel electro-acupuncture on rats with acute upper cervical spinal cord injury

Decompression is the major therapeutic strategy for acute spinal cord injury,but there is some debate about the time window for decompression following spinal cord injury.An important goal and challenge in the treatment of spinal cord injury is inhibiting or reversing secondary injury.Governor Vessel electroacupuncture can improve symptoms of spinal cord injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis and improving the microenvironment of the injured spinal cord.In this study,Governor Vessel electroacupuncture combined with decompression at different time points was used to treat acute spinal cord injury.The rat models were established by inserting a balloon catheter into the atlanto-occipital space.The upper cervical spinal cord was compressed for 12 or 48 hours prior to decompression.Electroacupuncture was conducted at the acupoints Dazhui（GV14） and Baihui（GV 20）（2 Hz,15 minutes） once a day for 14 consecutive days.Compared with decompression alone,hind limb motor function recovery was superior after decompression for 12 and 48 hours combined with electroacupuncture.However,the recovery of motor function was not significantly different at 14 days after treatment in rats receiving decompression for 12 hours.Platelet-activating factor levels and caspase-9 protein expression were significantly reduced in rats receiving electroacupuncture compared with decompression alone.These findings indicate that compared with decompression alone,Governor Vessel electroacupuncture combined with delayed decompression（48 hours） is more effective in the treatment of upper cervical spinal cord injury.Governor Vessel electroacupuncture combined with early decompression（12 hours） can accelerate the recovery of nerve movement in rats with upper cervical spinal cord injury.Nevertheless,further studies are necessary to confirm whether it is possible to obtain additional benefit compared with early decompression alone.

Electroacupuncture at Du channel and meridian of foot-Taiyang for hippocampal neurons in rats with depression

BACKGROUND： Long-term anti-depression treatment can promote the regeneration of hippocampal regeneration. Up-regulation of hippocampal regeneration can reverse or prevent against the injury of stress to cerebrum, especially to hippocampal structure and function. Therefore, promoting hippocampal neuronal regeneration may be a new strategy for treating depression and anxiety, OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of electro-acupuncture at Du channel and meridian of foot-Taiyang on hippocampal neurons from model rats of depression. DESIGN： A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING： Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS： Twenty-four Wistar rats, of either gender, aged 2 months old, weighing 200 - 220 g, were provided by the Animal Experimental Center, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. METHODS： This experiment was carried out in the Clinical Molecular Biochemical Laboratory, Shenzhen Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between October 2006 and April 2007. ①The involved rats were randomized into 4 groups according to body mass： blank control group, model group, electroacupuncture A group and electroacupuncture B group, with 6 in each. Rats in the blank control group were free to access to water, and were not given any intervention. Rats in the latter 3 groups were developed into rat depression models by chronic stress combined with feeding alone, and received 21-day unpredictable various stresses. Rats in the model group were euthanized at 14 days after modeling, and their brain tissues were harvested. Rats in the electroacupuncture A group were modeled, then points ＂Baihui＂ and ＂Shenting＂ were chosen, and given electroacupuncture, once a day, 20 minutes once. Rats in the electroacupuncture B group were modeled, then points ＂Baihui＂, ＂Shenting＂, ＂Xinshu＂and ＂Ganshu＂ were chosen, and frequency and therapeutic time were the same as those of electroacupuncture A group. Rats in the latter 2 groups were also given electroacupuncture, and their brain tissues were harvested 14 days later. ②Index evaluation： Neurons in hippocampal CA 1 and CA3 regions as well as dentate gyrus [neuron specific enolase （NSE）-positive cells] were counted by immunofluorescent technique. Each rat was weighted on the day of grouping and before execution at 35 days, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Neuron amount in each hippocampal region and body mass of rats in each group. RESULTS： Twenty-four rats were involved in the final analysis.①Neuronal amount in each region of hippocampus： Neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions as well as dentate gyrus of rats in the model group were significantly less than those in the blank control group （P 〈 0.01）. Neurons in hippocampal CAland CA3 regions as well as dentate gyrus of rats in the electroacupuncture A and B groups were more than those in the model group （P 〈 0.05）. ② Change in body mass of rats： Body mass increase of rats in the model group was less than that in the blank control group （P 〈 0.05）, and body mass increase of electroacupuncture A and B groups was significantly more than that in the model group, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Electroacupuncture at Du channel and meridian of foot-Taiyang alleviates hippocampal neuronal injury of rats, and thereby, improves depression and promotes the increase of body mass of rats.

CLINICAL STUDIES ON CEREBRAL INFARCTION TREATED WITHACUPUNCTURE AT ACUPOINTS OF GOVERNOR MERIDIAN

In this paper, 148 cases of cerebral infarction were treated with acupuncture at acupoints of Governor meridian (treatment group), and the other 97 cases were treated simultaneously with conventional body acupuncture (control group). The results show that the marked improvement rate was 42. 6 % and the total effective rate was 96. 6 % in the treatment group; while in the control group, the marked improvement rate and the total effective rate were 28. 9 % and 89. 1 % respectively.It suggests that the therapeutic effect in the treatment group is better than that of the control group.The roles of regulation and ameliorating hemorheology of acupuncture at acupoints of Governor meridian are the foundation of its treatment mechanism.

Electroacupuncture at Dazhui(GV14) and Mingmen(GV4) protects against spinal cord injury:the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Electroacupuncture at Dazhui（GV14） and Mingmen（GV4） on the Governor Vessel has been shown to exhibit curative effects on spinal cord injury; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we established rat models of spinal cord injury using a modified Allen＇s weight-drop method. Ninety-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three equal groups： sham（only laminectomy）, SCI（induction of spinal cord injury at T10）, and EA（induction of spinal cord injury at T10 and electroacupuncture intervention at GV14 and GV4 for 20 minutes once a day）. Rats in the SCI and EA groups were further randomly divided into the following subgroups： 1-day（n = 11）, 7-day（n = 11）, and 14-day（n = 11）. At 1, 7, and 14 days after electroacupuncture treatment, the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale showed obvious improvement in rat hind limb locomotor function, hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the histological change of injured spinal cord tissue was obviously alleviated, and immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis showed that Wnt1, Wnt3 a, β-catenin immunoreactivity and protein expression in the injured spinal cord tissue were greatly increased compared with the sham and SCI groups. These findings suggest that electroacupuncture at GV14 and GV4 upregulates Wnt1, Wnt3 a, and β-catenin expression in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, exhibiting neuroprotective effects against spinal cord injury.

Present Status of Solid Waste Management at Babylon Governorate, Iraq

Babylon Governorate covers an area of 5315 km2 with a population that reaches about 1,974,490 inhabitants in the central part of Iraq. Iraq produced 31,000 tons/day solid waste in 2013. The Governorate of Babylon produces annual 483,221 tons of solid waste. Management of collection and disposal of waste in Babylon Governorate is done through open dumping of waste and poor collection process. These sites do not conform to the scientific and environmental criteria applied in the selection of landfill sites. To find out how much solid waste is expected in the future, two methods were used to calculate the population growth in Babylon Governorate to the year 2030. The results showed that the total waste in 2030 will be 761,104 tons and 943055 tons while the cumulated quantity of solid waste expected till 2030 was 12,494,521 tons and 14,095,437 tons according to the first and second methods respectively.

Assessment of the Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Groundwater Resources at some Wadis in the East of El Minia Governorate,Eastern Desert,Egypt

The El Minia governorate lies within the Nile Valley,surrounded by calcareous plateaus to the east and west.The present study focuses on the hydrogeochemistry of the Eocene limestone aquifer at some wadis in the east El Minia governorate,Eastern Desert,Egypt.Hydrogeologically,two main aquifers are encountered in the study area,namely the Maghagha marly limestone and the Samalut chalky limestone aquifers.The Maghagha aquifer is composed of alternating layers of marly limestone and shale with thicknesses ranging from 3.49 m to 177.05 m and a groundwater depth ranging from 8.5 m to 59.27 m which reflects low groundwater potentiality.The groundwater salinity representing this aquifer ranges from 603.5 mg/L to 978.5 mg/L,reflecting fresh water type.Samalut aquifer is made up of chalky,cavernous and fractured limestone with thickness ranging from 30 m to 205 m and groundwater depth ranging from 9 m to 86.77 m,which indicates good groundwater potential.The groundwater salinity of the concerned aquifer ranges from 349.7 mg/L to 2043.9 mg/L,reflecting fresh to possibly brackish water types.Groundwater in the study area is of meteoric water origin;recent recharge is mainly controlled through the presence of fractures and their densities.The majority of groundwater samples in the study area are suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes.

Effect of Nonlinearities in Turbine Governor System on Torsional Oscillation Stability

There are several different nonlinearities in the turbine governor system, such as insensitivity, saturation of servo system, and frequency modulation dead band, which reduce the interaction between the governor system and torsional oscillation, and thereby improve the torsional oscillation stability of shafts. This paper suggests intentional incorporation of appropriate nonlinearities in the governor system to improve the torsional oscillation stability of shafts.