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The environment,especially the minimum temperature,affects summer maize grain yield by regulating ear differentiation and grain development
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作者 Jing Chen Baizhao Ren +2 位作者 Bin Zhao Peng Liu Jiwang Zhang 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第7期2227-2241,共15页
Ear differentiation,grain development and their interaction with factors in the growing environment,such as temperature,solar radiation and precipitation,greatly influence grain number and grain weight,and ultimately ... Ear differentiation,grain development and their interaction with factors in the growing environment,such as temperature,solar radiation and precipitation,greatly influence grain number and grain weight,and ultimately affect summer maize production.In this study,field experiments involving different sowing dates were conducted over three years to evaluate the effects of temperature factors,average solar radiation and total precipitation on the growth process,ear differentiation,fertilization characteristics,grain filling and yield of summer maize varieties with different growth durations.Four hybrids were evaluated in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(HHHP),China from 2018 to 2020 with five different sowing dates.The results showed that the grain yield formation of summer maize was strongly impacted by the environment from the silking(R1)to milking(R3)stage.Average minimum temperature(AT_(min))was the key environmental factor that determined yield.Reductions in the length of the growing season(r=–0.556,P<0.01)and the total floret number on ear(R^(2)=0.200,P<0.001)were found when AT_(min) was elevated from the emerging(VE)to R1 stage.Both grain-filling rate(R^(2)=0.520,P<0.001)and the floret abortion rate on ear(R^(2)=0.437,P<0.001)showed quadratic relationships with AT_(min) from the R1 to physiological maturity(R6)stage,while the number of days after the R1 stage(r=–0.756,P<0.01)was negatively correlated with AT_(min).An increase in AT_(min) was beneficial for the promotion of yield when it did not exceeded a certain level(above 23°C during the R1–R3 stage and 20–21°C during the R1-R6 stage).Enhanced solar radiation and precipitation during R1–R6 increased the grain-filling rate(R^(2)=0.562,P<0.001 and R^(2)=0.229,P<0.05,respectively).Compared with short-season hybrids,full-season hybrids showed much greater suitability for a critical environment.The coordinated regulation of AT_(min),ear differentiation and grain development at the pre-and post-silking stages improved maize yield by increasing total floret number and grain-filling rate,and by reducing the floret abortion rate on ear. 展开更多
关键词 sowing date hybrid maturity growing environment ear differentiation and grain development
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Comparisons of Metabolic Profiles for Carbohydrates,Amino Acids,Lipids,Fragrance and Flavones During Grain Development in indica Rice Cultivars
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作者 CHEN Yibo WANG Zhidong +7 位作者 WANG Chongrong LI Hong HUANG Daoqiang ZHOU Degui ZHAO Lei PAN Yangyang GONG Rong ZHOU Shaochuan 《Rice science》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第2期155-165,共11页
We used a widely targeted metabolomics approach to examine the metabolic changes in three pedigreed indica cultivars(Meixiangzhan 2,Meisizhan and Qixinzhan),with different eating qualities,at 8,15 and 30 d after flowe... We used a widely targeted metabolomics approach to examine the metabolic changes in three pedigreed indica cultivars(Meixiangzhan 2,Meisizhan and Qixinzhan),with different eating qualities,at 8,15 and 30 d after flowering(DAF)to explore the formation mechanism of rice eating and nutritional qualities at a global metabolic level.A total of 623 metabolites were identified,and results showed that metabolic variations among rice cultivars decreased with grain developmental stage,suggesting that sufficient carbohydrate and amino acid supply during grain development may contribute to excellent rice eating and nutritional quality formation.Lysophosphatidylcholines 19:0 and 16:1 were beneficial for excellent eating quality formation during grain development.Rice fragrance was attributed mainly to spermidine andγ-aminobutyric acid.Rice cultivars with excellent eating quality at 15-30 DAF had relatively higher flavone content,possibly because they had adequate carbohydrate and amino acid contents during grain development.These results provided insight into the mechanisms for establishing rice eating and nutritional qualities during grain formation at a global metabolic level,and can be applied towards improving rice quality. 展开更多
关键词 eating quality metabolomics nutritional quality high-quality rice grain development
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Chromatin accessibility landscapes revealed the subgenome-divergent regulation networks during wheat grain development 被引量:1
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作者 Hongcui Pei Yushan Li +4 位作者 Yanhong Liu Pan Liu Jialin Zhang Xueni Ren Zefu Lu 《aBIOTECH》 CSCD 2023年第1期8-19,共12页
Development of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)grain mainly depends on the processes of starch synthesis and storage protein accumulation,which are critical for grain yield and quality.However,the regulatory network underl... Development of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)grain mainly depends on the processes of starch synthesis and storage protein accumulation,which are critical for grain yield and quality.However,the regulatory network underlying the transcriptional and physiological changes of grain development is still not clear.Here,we combined ATAC-seq and RNA-seq to discover the chromatin accessibility and gene expression dynamics during these processes.We found that the chromatin accessibility changes are tightly associated with differential transcriptomic expressions,and the proportion of distal ACRs was increased gradually during grain development.Specific transcription factor(TF)binding sites were enriched at different stages and were diversified among the 3 subgenomes.We further predicted the potential interactions between key TFs and genes related with starch and storage protein biosynthesis and found different copies of some key TFs played diversified roles.Overall,our findings have provided numerous resources and illustrated the regulatory network during wheat grain development,which would shed light on the improvement of wheat yields and qualities. 展开更多
关键词 WHEAT Chromatin accessibility Subgenome-divergence Regulatory network grain development
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Grain size distribution at four developmental stages of crescent dunes in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert,China 被引量:4
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作者 JIA Wenru ZHANG Chunlai +3 位作者 LI Shengyu WANG Haifeng MA Xuexi WANG Ningbo 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第5期722-733,共12页
Although scientists have performed many studies on crescent (barchan) dunes in the Taklimakan Desert,few studies reported the changes in grain size at different development stages of crescent dunes.In order to evalu... Although scientists have performed many studies on crescent (barchan) dunes in the Taklimakan Desert,few studies reported the changes in grain size at different development stages of crescent dunes.In order to evaluate the changing trends of surface sediment grain size with dune development,we investigated the grain size characteristics at four developmental stages (oval sand pile,shield dune,incipient crescent dune and mature crescent dune) of crescent dunes by measuring the morphology of sand dune and observing the near-surface wind regime.The dunes have developed in a wide inter-dune corridor between high compound longitudinal ridges in China's Taklimakan Desert.The surface sediments at four developmental stages of the crescent dunes were primarily composed of fine sands,followed by very fine and medium sands.Mean grain sizes ranged from 2.8 to 3.1 φ,with a unimodal distribution.The sands were moderately well-sorted,their distribution varied from platykurtic to very platykurtic,and symmetrical or skewed towards the fine particles.From oval sand piles through shield and incipient crescent dunes to mature crescent dunes,incipient grain size gradually increased,particles became finer,sorting became better,kurtosis and skewness increased.Grain sizes on the surface layer became coarser upwards from the toe of the windward slope and then became finer towards the bottom of the leeward slope.We found that the coarsest particles at different positions at the four developmental stages were different.The coarsest particles were distributed at the top of the oval sand piles and shield dunes,versus at the middle of the windward slope of the incipient and mature crescent dunes.Correlations between the mean grain size and other grain size parameters showed that as mean grain size became finer,sorting became better and kurtosis became wider,but skewness changed only slightly.In addition,grain size variation in the surface sediments correlated with the movement speed of the dunes in the study area.In the open ground among tall-complex longitudinal ridges in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert where aeolian environment is characterized by comparatively strong wind and unsaturated sand flow,faster dune movement corresponded to coarser grain size. 展开更多
关键词 crescent dune developmental stage grain size Taklimakan Desert
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Challenges or Opportunities?——Developments of China's Grain Industry since WTO Entry
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《China's Foreign Trade》 2007年第14期10-12,共3页
Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy,while grain is the cornet stone of that foundation.It is also essential for subsistence and development of the mankind. In recent years,especially since its entry ... Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy,while grain is the cornet stone of that foundation.It is also essential for subsistence and development of the mankind. In recent years,especially since its entry into the WTO, China has been undergoing a period of twists and turns in the development of its grain production and trade which used to be sound and stable. 展开更多
关键词 developments of China's grain Industry chanllenges opptunities WTO agriculture economy
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Grain proteomic analysis reveals central stress responsive proteins caused by wheat-Haynaldia villosa 6VS/6AL translocation
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作者 ZOU Rong WU Ji-su +1 位作者 WANG Ruo-mei YAN Yue-ming 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第11期2628-2642,共15页
Haynaldia villosa(2n=14,VV),a wild grass of the subtribe Triticeae,serves as potential gene resources for wheat genetic improvement.In this study,the proteome characterization during grain development of Yangmai 5 and... Haynaldia villosa(2n=14,VV),a wild grass of the subtribe Triticeae,serves as potential gene resources for wheat genetic improvement.In this study,the proteome characterization during grain development of Yangmai 5 and Yangmai 5-H.villosa 6VS/6AL translocation line was investigated by a comparative proteomic approach.Two-dimensional electrophoresis identified 81 differentially accumulated proteins(DAPs)during five grain developmental stages in wheat-H.villosa translocation line.These proteins were mainly involved in stress defense,storage protein,energy metabolism,protein metabolism and folding,carbon metabolism,nitrogen metabolism,and starch metabolism.In particular,6VS/6AL translocation led to significant upregulation of 36 DAPs and specific expression of 11 DAPs such as chitinase,thaumatin-like proteins,glutathione transferase,α-amylase inhibitor,heat shock proteins,and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase.These proteins mainly involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses.Further analysis found that the upstream 1500 promoter regions of these stress-responsive DAP genes contained multiple high-frequency cis-acting elements related to stress defense such as abscisic acid response element ABRE,methyl jasmonate(MeJA)-response element TGACG-motif and CGTCA-motif involved in oxidative stress and antioxidant response element(ARE).RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses revealed the high expression of these stress-defensive DAP genes in the developing grains,particularly at the early-middle grain filling stages.Our results demonstrated that 6VS chromosome of H.villosa contains abundant stress-defensive proteins that have potential values for wheat genetic improvement. 展开更多
关键词 6VS/6AL translocation grain development PROTEOME DAPs cis-acting elements adverse defense
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Correlation Analysis of Rice Seed Setting Rate and Weight of 1 000-Grain and Agro-Meteorology over the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,China 被引量:2
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作者 ZHAO Hai-yan YAO Feng-mei +4 位作者 ZHANG Yong XU Bin YUAN Jing HU Ya-nan XU Yin-long 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2007年第4期430-436,共7页
The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of historic climate change on rice yield over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, and to better adapt to climate change in the future. This stud... The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of historic climate change on rice yield over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, and to better adapt to climate change in the future. This study presents the relation of temperature and precipitation and rice components from 1981 to 2003 at 48 early rice stations and 30 middle rice stations. It focuses on an analysis of three stages: flowering, pre-milk, and late milk. The results show that mean maximum temperature and mean daily precipitation at the stages of flowering and pre-milk are most related to early rice yield. Yield change of middle rice is mainly because of mean precipitation change at the flowering stage. Furthermore, percentage of undeveloped grain increases as mean maximum temperature rises at the flowering stage. Over-precipitation in the reproductive stage is a major reason for reduction in yield of early rice. Consecutive rainfall and continuous high temperature can have negative effects on middle rice yield. Global warming would affect middle rice more seriously than early rice. 展开更多
关键词 mean maximum temperature mean daily precipitation percentage of undeveloped grain percentage of partially developed grain weight of 1 000-grain
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Polyamines in developing rice grains and their relations with grain filling
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作者 YANG Jianchang,ZHU Qingsen,WANG Zhiqin,and CAO Xianzu,Agri College of Yangzhou Univ,Yangzhou 225009,China 《Chinese Rice Research Newsletter》 1996年第4期4-5,共2页
Many studies have reported that polyamines have an effect on a number of growth and developmental process in plants, such as cell division, embryogenesis, senescense, and flowering. However, there are few reports on t... Many studies have reported that polyamines have an effect on a number of growth and developmental process in plants, such as cell division, embryogenesis, senescense, and flowering. However, there are few reports on the physiological significance in of polyamines grain filling of rice. We studied the level of polyamines in the developing grains and their relations with grain filling and grain weight, using 8 rice varieties including hybrid combinations. It was showed that the content of Put (puterscine), Spd (spermidine), and Spm (spermine), especially Spd and Spm, was 展开更多
关键词 Polyamines in developing rice grains and their relations with grain filling SPD
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锈赤扁谷盗非成熟发育阶段在3种谷物中的发育历期及预测模型研究
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作者 曾芳芳 肖惠惠 +1 位作者 王殿轩 唐培安 《植物保护》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第3期128-134,共7页
温度和食物是影响昆虫生长发育的两个重要因素。本文测定了24、28℃和32℃条件下锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus(Stephens)非成熟发育阶段(卵、幼虫和蛹)在全麦粉、玉米粉和糙米粉中的存活率和发育历期。研究结果显示,试验温度范围... 温度和食物是影响昆虫生长发育的两个重要因素。本文测定了24、28℃和32℃条件下锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus(Stephens)非成熟发育阶段(卵、幼虫和蛹)在全麦粉、玉米粉和糙米粉中的存活率和发育历期。研究结果显示,试验温度范围下,温度升高,锈赤扁谷盗幼虫和整个非成熟发育阶段的存活率显著升高,卵、幼虫、蛹及整个非成熟发育阶段的历期显著缩短。在32℃时全麦粉中非成熟阶段总发育历期最短、存活率最高,为34.2 d和60.9%。用最小二乘法计算各阶段发育起点温度和有效积温,结果显示,3种谷物对锈赤扁谷盗卵、幼虫、蛹及整个非成熟阶段的发育起点温度没有显著影响,但对幼虫阶段有效积温有显著影响;在全麦粉、玉米粉和糙米粉中锈赤扁谷盗整个非成熟发育阶段的发育起点温度分别为(17.4±0.3)(16.9±1.6)℃和(16.4±0.7)℃;有效积温分别为(773.4±0.1)(888.0±125.2)日·度和(1 009.3±61.9)日·度。最后,根据不同温度下锈赤扁谷盗各发育阶段在3种谷物中的发育速率分别建立了发育速率预测模型。研究结果为锈赤扁谷盗在不同储粮环境中发生的短期精准预报提供了科学依据。 展开更多
关键词 锈赤扁谷盗 谷物 发育历期 发育起点温度 有效积温 预测模型
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不同环境下水稻谷粒重发育的杂种优势和遗传相关性分析 被引量:15
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作者 梁康迳 林文雄 +5 位作者 陈志雄 李亚娟 梁义元 郭玉春 何华勤 陈芳育 《应用生态学报》 CAS CSCD 2003年第12期2200-2204,共5页
选用 9个不同类型的水稻品种 (系 ) ,按双列杂交设计 ( 6× 5 )配成两套亲本和F12个世代的遗传材料 .采用数量性状的加性 显性遗传模型、发育遗传模型比较分析了水稻谷粒重发育的杂种优势和遗传相关性 .结果表明 ,早季在谷粒充实前... 选用 9个不同类型的水稻品种 (系 ) ,按双列杂交设计 ( 6× 5 )配成两套亲本和F12个世代的遗传材料 .采用数量性状的加性 显性遗传模型、发育遗传模型比较分析了水稻谷粒重发育的杂种优势和遗传相关性 .结果表明 ,早季在谷粒充实前期 ( 1~ 12d)群体平均优势较小 ,中后期 ( 13~ 2 8d)正向优势趋于明显 ,在谷粒充实的全过程均表现较小的负向群体超亲优势 ;晚季则在谷粒充实前中期 ( 1~ 18d)表现正向群体平均优势 ,后期 ( 19~ 2 8d)优势不明显 ,在谷粒充实前期 ( 1~ 12d)表现正向群体超亲优势 ,之后转为明显的负向群体超亲优势 ,表明晚季谷粒发育的杂种优势表现较之早季更有利于提高籽粒充实质量 .不同发育时期谷粒重之间以及与最终谷粒重之间的遗传相关分析表明 ,早季以显性相关为主 ,晚季以加性相关为主 ,随着发育进程的推进 。 展开更多
关键词 水稻 谷粒重 发育遗传 杂种优势 遗传相关
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不同环境下水稻谷粒重的发育遗传分析 被引量:8
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作者 梁康迳 林文雄 +5 位作者 陈志雄 李亚娟 梁义元 郭玉春 何华勤 陈芳育 《中国农业科学》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2003年第10期1113-1119,共7页
采用数量性状的加性-显性遗传模型、发育遗传模型分析了水稻谷粒重在不同发育时期的2季资料,估算水稻谷粒重某一发育时间(0→t)或某一特定发育时间段(t-1→t)的遗传效应。结果表明,早季谷粒发育动态主要受显性效应控制,在谷粒充实的第9... 采用数量性状的加性-显性遗传模型、发育遗传模型分析了水稻谷粒重在不同发育时期的2季资料,估算水稻谷粒重某一发育时间(0→t)或某一特定发育时间段(t-1→t)的遗传效应。结果表明,早季谷粒发育动态主要受显性效应控制,在谷粒充实的第9~12天显性效应基因急剧增加,加性效应在谷粒充实的前期几乎不表达,后期虽有表达,但作用微小;晚季谷粒充实过程受加性和显性效应的交替影响,谷粒充实早期(第3~6天)以加性效应为主,中期(第9~15天)以显性效应为主,后期(第18~30天)以加性效应为主。早季谷粒充实的全过程,显性效应基因强烈表达,且发育全过程变化幅度较大;晚季加性和显性效应基因共同控制各粒充实,但以加性效应为主,总遗传效应变化幅度较早季小。加性效应基因和显性效应基因的交替作用有利于谷粒的灌浆结实。 展开更多
关键词 环境条件 水稻 谷粒重 生长发育 遗传分析
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籼粳交杂种不同灌浆期稻米缬氨酸含量的发育遗传 被引量:2
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作者 张小明 石春海 +2 位作者 叶胜海 吴建国 鲍根良 《中国水稻科学》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2006年第1期36-42,共7页
采用可以估算不同发育时期基因累加效应和特定发育时期净遗传效应的遗传模型和统计分析方法,研究了不同环境条件下籼粳交稻米灌浆过程中缬氨酸含量的发育遗传规律。结果表明,控制籼粳交稻米缬氨酸含量表现的基因在稻米多数发育时期均... 采用可以估算不同发育时期基因累加效应和特定发育时期净遗传效应的遗传模型和统计分析方法,研究了不同环境条件下籼粳交稻米灌浆过程中缬氨酸含量的发育遗传规律。结果表明,控制籼粳交稻米缬氨酸含量表现的基因在稻米多数发育时期均有表达,其中以颖花开花受精后第8~14天表达量最大。遗传率分析揭示缬氨酸含量在稻米5个不同发育时期的母体和细胞质普通遗传率及其相应的环境互作遗传率均较高,育种低世代进行单株选择可以提高稻米缬氨酸含量的育种效率。亲本遗传效应分析表明,浙38A、浙农8010A、金23A和中9308等4个亲本有利于增加籼粳交稻米的缬氨酸含量,其中浙38A受环境影响最小,可应用于配制高缬氨酸含量的杂交稻新组合。 展开更多
关键词 杂交水稻 籼粳交 灌浆 发育遗传 缬氨酸 稻米品质 遗传率
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低温和高温对仓储绿豆象的防治效果 被引量:23
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作者 仲建锋 万正煌 +2 位作者 李莉 陈宏伟 伍广洪 《中国农业科学》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2013年第1期54-59,共6页
【目的】确定绿豆象最耐受低温或高温的发育阶段,得到不同温度下完全防控该虫所需时间,为防治仓储绿豆象提供理论基础。【方法】在-5和40℃下,分别对绿豆象卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫进行处理,确定最耐受低温或者高温的虫态。在此基础上,对低温... 【目的】确定绿豆象最耐受低温或高温的发育阶段,得到不同温度下完全防控该虫所需时间,为防治仓储绿豆象提供理论基础。【方法】在-5和40℃下,分别对绿豆象卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫进行处理,确定最耐受低温或者高温的虫态。在此基础上,对低温(-5、-10、-20℃)以及高温(40、45、50℃)下最耐受虫态做进一步的生物测定,从而得到完全防控绿豆象的时间。【结果】绿豆象幼虫和蛹耐寒能力较强,卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫在-5℃的LT50分别是12.57、24.93、30.54和15.76 h。绿豆象蛹耐热能力较强,卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫在40℃时的LT50分别是4.29、17.76、22.33和14.50 h。绿豆象的蛹在低温-5、-10和-20℃下的LT50分别是30.54、6.50和0.96 h,LT99分别是189.70、33.81和2.90 h。在高温40、45和50℃下的LT50分别是22.33、3.64和0.85 h,LT99分别是169.43、17.77和3.71 h。【结论】绿豆象各虫态耐低温和耐高温的能力均为蛹较强,据此得到处于不同温度下完全控制绿豆象危害所需时间。因此,利用低温或高温防控仓储绿豆象是可行的。 展开更多
关键词 粮食储藏 绿豆象 虫害防治 虫态 温度
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玉米早期发育阶段粒位效应的蛋白质组学分析 被引量:8
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作者 于涛 李耕 +4 位作者 刘鹏 董树亭 张吉旺 赵斌 柏晗 《中国农业科学》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2016年第1期54-68,共15页
【目的】从蛋白质组学的角度研究早期发育阶段玉米上、中部籽粒差异表达的蛋白质,分析其功能,探明玉米粒位发育差异的分子机理。【方法】在大田条件下,以粒位效应显著的玉米品种登海661(DH661)为供试材料,90 000株/hm^2密度下种植,在开... 【目的】从蛋白质组学的角度研究早期发育阶段玉米上、中部籽粒差异表达的蛋白质,分析其功能,探明玉米粒位发育差异的分子机理。【方法】在大田条件下,以粒位效应显著的玉米品种登海661(DH661)为供试材料,90 000株/hm^2密度下种植,在开花期人工饱和授粉后0、3、6、12 d取果穗上部与中部籽粒。采用TCA-丙酮沉淀法提取籽粒总蛋白,双向电泳分离后获得蛋白质图谱。分别以0、3、6、12 d中部籽粒的凝胶作为参考胶,将上部籽粒凝胶与其进行比对,利用Image master 2D 7.0软件分析籽粒早期发育不同阶段上、中粒位蛋白质表达的差异。通过MALDI-TOF/TOF MS质谱分析及NCBI数据库搜索,对差异表达蛋白质进行鉴定并分析其涉及的生物学功能。【结果】较高密度种植后,果穗籽粒早期发育阶段共检测到超过1000个清晰蛋白质点。通过图像处理软件成对匹配分析,果穗上、中部籽粒早期发育阶段差异蛋白质点为66个,其中52个蛋白质点与NCBI数据库匹配,鉴定率为78.8%。差异蛋白质涉及籽粒呼吸与能量代谢(10个蛋白质点,19%)、胁迫与防御(9个蛋白质点,17%)、蛋白质代谢(9个蛋白质点,17%)、氮代谢(6个蛋白质点,11%)、细胞分化与增殖(5个蛋白质点,10%)、转录与翻译(5个蛋白质点,10%)、次生物质代谢(3个蛋白质点,6%)等功能范畴。对相关的差异蛋白质表达丰度分析,与中部籽粒相比,上部籽粒涉及细胞分化与增殖、呼吸与能量代谢的大部分蛋白质在一个或多个时间段内均显著下调,说明上部籽粒胚乳细胞增殖及呼吸能量代谢能力显著降低。同时,上部籽粒涉及胁迫与防御的多种抗氧化酶系、乙二醛酶1以及涉及蛋白质代谢的4个分子伴侣蛋白质在发育早期也处于低水平表达,说明上部籽粒应对逆境条件防御能力较弱且蛋白质结构不稳定。另外,与中部籽粒相比,上部籽粒氮代谢中丙氨酸转氨酶以及S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶1在授粉后6—12 d内均下调表达,说明上部籽粒氮同化能力较弱,影响后续的氨基酸合成与蛋白质代谢过程。【结论】与果穗中部籽粒相比,上部籽粒细胞分化与增殖相关蛋白质的表达水平较低,呼吸与能量代谢能力较弱,导致上部籽粒库容与库活性降低。另外,面对氧化应激等逆境时,上部籽粒相关的抗氧化酶以及分子伴侣蛋白表达水平较低,致使其防御能力低于中部籽粒。丙氨酸转氨酶、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶1(SAMS)的差异表达也可能是导致粒位效应的重要原因。 展开更多
关键词 玉米 粒位效应 早期发育 差异表达蛋白质 蛋白质功能
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加工番茄果实糖分含量的变化 被引量:3
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作者 宋曼曼 韩广泉 +1 位作者 樊新民 刘慧英 《北方园艺》 CAS 北大核心 2011年第4期24-28,共5页
以加工番茄为试材对番茄果实不同发育阶段各果穗的葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量变化进行测定。结果表明:在番茄果实不同生育期、不同果穗的糖含量不同,各果穗的葡萄糖和果糖在绿熟期含量最低,至果实成熟期含量达到最高,蔗糖含量在绿熟期至转... 以加工番茄为试材对番茄果实不同发育阶段各果穗的葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量变化进行测定。结果表明:在番茄果实不同生育期、不同果穗的糖含量不同,各果穗的葡萄糖和果糖在绿熟期含量最低,至果实成熟期含量达到最高,蔗糖含量在绿熟期至转色期时一直增大然后慢慢下降;同一果穗糖分的组成果糖最高,葡萄糖次之,蔗糖最少;不同品种的加工番茄在不同生育时期果实糖含量变化有所不同。 展开更多
关键词 番茄果实 发育阶段 不同果穗 不同品种 糖含量
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构建粮食主产区发展补偿机制的思考 被引量:28
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作者 钟钰 洪菲 《中州学刊》 CSSCI 北大核心 2019年第6期30-36,共7页
习近平总书记进一步强调“要扛稳粮食安全这个重任”,粮食主产区是保障我国粮食有效供给的最主要动力源。近年粮食主产区经济尤其是粮食产业经济发展出现了不少新亮点,但粮食生产能力与财力之间的“粮财倒挂”现象依旧十分严重,过去“... 习近平总书记进一步强调“要扛稳粮食安全这个重任”,粮食主产区是保障我国粮食有效供给的最主要动力源。近年粮食主产区经济尤其是粮食产业经济发展出现了不少新亮点,但粮食生产能力与财力之间的“粮财倒挂”现象依旧十分严重,过去“打补丁”式地出台政策已无法有效解决主产区经济面临的问题和挑战,重塑对主产区的利益补偿新体系迫在眉睫。要以粮食主产省、主产县为平台,从立足生存性需要和发展性需要两个层面,构建粮食主产区发展补偿机制。为此,需要加快培育壮大主产区的粮食产业经济,加快构建定量核算与按量补还的补偿体系,加快构建补贴、保险与贷款“三位一体”的生产支持体系,以粮食为纽带加强产、销区投资合作。 展开更多
关键词 粮食主产区 生存性补偿 发展性补偿 机制
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水稻籽粒发育过程中总氮含量的遗传及其与品质的关系 被引量:5
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作者 梁康迳 林文雄 +6 位作者 李亚娟 柯庆明 杨德印 朱燕 梁义元 郭玉春 何华勤 《农业现代化研究》 CSCD 北大核心 2003年第5期387-391,共5页
对水稻籽粒发育过程中不同时期总氮含量遗传及其与稻米品质关系的研究结果表明 ,三倍体种子核基因、二倍体母体植株核基因的显性效应 ,共同控制着稻米灌浆始期、中期和后期的总氮含量 ,且以前者为主 ,随着发育进程的推进 ,作用程度加大... 对水稻籽粒发育过程中不同时期总氮含量遗传及其与稻米品质关系的研究结果表明 ,三倍体种子核基因、二倍体母体植株核基因的显性效应 ,共同控制着稻米灌浆始期、中期和后期的总氮含量 ,且以前者为主 ,随着发育进程的推进 ,作用程度加大。三倍体种子、细胞质和二倍体母体植株的遗传效应 ,均可明显影响稻米成熟期的总氮含量。控制稻米总氮含量表现的多种遗传效应基因在稻米各个发育时期均有新的表达。不同发育时期总氮含量与稻米品质性状之间存在一定的相关性 。 展开更多
关键词 水稻 籽粒发育过程 总氮含量 遗传 稻米品质
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水稻籽粒发育过程中可溶性糖含量的遗传及其与品质的关系 被引量:12
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作者 梁康迳 林文雄 +5 位作者 李亚娟 杨德印 朱燕 梁义元 郭玉春 何华勤 《分子植物育种》 CAS CSCD 2003年第2期207-215,共9页
选用不同类型的 6个水稻品种 (系 )按双列杂交设计 (5× 6 )配制成一套包括亲本、F1和F2 3个世代的遗传群体。应用包括 3套遗传体系基因效应的数量性状发育遗传模型 ,分析了水稻籽粒发育过程中4个不同时期可溶性糖含量的遗传及其与... 选用不同类型的 6个水稻品种 (系 )按双列杂交设计 (5× 6 )配制成一套包括亲本、F1和F2 3个世代的遗传群体。应用包括 3套遗传体系基因效应的数量性状发育遗传模型 ,分析了水稻籽粒发育过程中4个不同时期可溶性糖含量的遗传及其与稻米品质的关系。结果表明 ,三倍体种子、细胞质和二倍体母体植株的遗传效应均可明显影响稻米各个发育时期的可溶性糖含量。其中灌浆始期以三倍体种子和二倍体母体植株效应为主 ,灌浆中期以母体植株遗传效应为主 ,灌浆后期和成熟期以种子直接显性效应和母体植株显性效应为主。控制稻米可溶性糖含量表现的多种遗传效应基因在稻米各个发育时期均有新的表达 ,共同调控着可溶性糖含量的动态表现。不同发育时期可溶性糖含量与稻米品质性状之间存在一定的相关性。灌浆始期和中期籽粒中可溶性糖含量的增加不利于增长成熟期的籽粒长和厚度 ,但可增大籽粒宽度。灌浆始期的可溶性糖含量越多 ,对提高成熟期粒重越明显 ,中、后期和成熟期则明显降低粒重。灌浆始期籽粒中可溶性糖含量愈多 ,会明显增加糙米直链淀粉含量 ,但随着发育进程的推进 ,影响程度趋于减弱 ,在后期和成熟期转为负向相关。 展开更多
关键词 水稻 籽粒发育 可溶性糖含量 遗传 稻米品质 数量性状 发育时期 相关性
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黄土高原生态环境与粮食生产潜力开发技术 被引量:2
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作者 邓西平 《水土保持通报》 CSCD 北大核心 1998年第S1期58-61,共4页
在分析黄土高原生态环境特点与“七五”、“八五”黄土高原综合治理中粮食潜力开发技术成果基础上,认为土壤补水期覆盖能显著减少土壤蒸发,开发作物节水潜力的有限灌溉,集雨补灌以及膜上灌水等新技术,有可能成为未来黄土高原粮食生... 在分析黄土高原生态环境特点与“七五”、“八五”黄土高原综合治理中粮食潜力开发技术成果基础上,认为土壤补水期覆盖能显著减少土壤蒸发,开发作物节水潜力的有限灌溉,集雨补灌以及膜上灌水等新技术,有可能成为未来黄土高原粮食生产潜力开发和技术突破口。 展开更多
关键词 黄土高原 生产潜力 开发技术
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水稻子粒发育动态与含水率的研究 被引量:1
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作者 马景勇 邢桂玲 +1 位作者 杨福 邬信康 《吉林农业大学学报》 CAS CSCD 1995年第1期20-24,共5页
本文在严格标识强、弱势花的条件下通过称重方法,研究了藤系138和秋光两品种同一穗上强、弱势粒的干重积累过程与子粒含水率的动态变化。结果表明,强势花在开花后迅速增重,待强势粒增重高峰下降后,弱势粒才相应出现高峰,并有阶... 本文在严格标识强、弱势花的条件下通过称重方法,研究了藤系138和秋光两品种同一穗上强、弱势粒的干重积累过程与子粒含水率的动态变化。结果表明,强势花在开花后迅速增重,待强势粒增重高峰下降后,弱势粒才相应出现高峰,并有阶段灌浆现象;抽穗后水稻子粒含水率动态过程可分为缓慢下降、迅速下降、平稳下降三个时期;子粒含水率与灌浆速率呈单峰偏态曲线,在子粒含水率50%~55%时段灌浆速率出现最大值,子粒停止灌浆的临界含水率为20%左右。 展开更多
关键词 水稻 子粒 发育 含水率
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