The reverse sediment transport trend between abandoned Huanghe River(Yellow River) Delta and radial sand ridges along Jiangsu coastline of China——an evidence from grain size analysis

To reveal the sediment transporting mechanism between the abandoned Huanghe River （Yellow River） Delta and radial sand ridges, “End Member” Model and grain size trend analysis have been employed to separate the “dynamic populations” in the surficial sediment particle spectra and to determine the possible sediment transporting pathway. The results reveal four “dynamic subpopulations”（EM1 to EM4） and two reverse sediment transporting directions： a northward transport tend from the radial sand ridges to mud patch, and a southward transport trend in deep water area outside the mud patch. Combined with the published hydrodynamic information, the transporting mechanism of dynamic populations has been discussed, and the main conclusion is that the transporting of finer subpopulations EM1 and EM2 is controlled by the “anticlockwise residual current circulation” forming during tidal cycle, which favor a northward transporting trend and the forming of mud patch on the north of radial sand ridges, while the transporting of coarser EM3 is mainly controlled by wind driven drift in winter, which favors a southward transporting direction.

Sediment transport in the Luanhe River delta:grain size trend analysis

Sediment grain size in the deltaic environment of the Luanhe River(LR),Liaoning,China,contains sediment transport pathway information useful in elucidating the shoreline change and fluvialmarine interaction.In this study,we utilized numerical partitioning of the sedimentary components and geostatistical grain size trend analysis(GSTA)to define the sediment transport pattern in the Luanhe River delta(LRD)and interpolated the sediment transport pattern using content changes of end numbers(EM).EM1(the mean grain size 7.12Ф,fine silt),EM2(2.37Ф,fine sand),and EM3(1.27Ф,medium sand)components were identified by the numerical partitioning by GSTA.Kriging interpolation method was used to interpolate the parameters of the grain size for the regular grid,and the interpolation radius was 0.015 decimal degree.We chose 0.09 decimal degree as the characteristic distance for GSTA in the semivariogram model using the geostatistical method.The FB(-)case(finer,better sorted and more negatively skewed)was adopted in GSTA for its satisfaction in the Global Moran’s I test.The result of the GSTA shows that the sediments in the south barriers(SBs)were transported to the southwest of the study area.The sediments in the north,in the SE direction of sediment transport trend from the river mouth,indicated that the sediments in the north of the study area were transported from the LR to the northern beaches,and to the south and east of the study area.The sediment transport trend that simplified by GSTA as the FB(-)case was approved by the content changes of sedimentary components(i.e.EM1,EM2,and EM3).In addition,the turbulent jet diffusion pattern indicated that the coarse sediments(EM3)were delivered by LR during the flood season,and the EM2 and EM1 were from wave and tide,respectively.

The application of geostatistics in grain size trend analysis： A case study of eastern Beibu Gulf

There are 71 surface sediment samples collected from the eastern Beibu Gulf. The moment parameters （i.e. mean size, sorting and skewness） were obtained after applying grain size analysis. The geostatistical analysis was then applied to study the spatial autocorrelation for these parameters; while range, a parameter in the semivariogram that meters the scale of spatial autocorrelation, was estimated. The results indicated that the range for sorting coefficient was physically meaningful. The trend vectors calculated from grain size trend analysis model were consistent with the annual ocean circulation patterns and sediment transport rates according to previous studies. Therefore the range derived from the semivariogram of mean size can be used as the characteristic distance in the grain size trend analysis, which may remove the bias caused by the traditional way of basing on experiences or testing methods to get the characteristic distance. Hence the results from geostatistical analysis can also offer useful information for the determination of sediment sampling density in the future field work.

Distributional characteristics of grain sizes of surface sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary

Distributions of the parameters of sedimentary grain sizes and their correlations were studied to trace the sources of silts and their movement trends in the Zhujiang River Estuary based on the analyses of grain sizes from more than 1080 sedimentary samples. The distributions of the median diameter, public value, quartile deviation, and skewness of sediments were complex in the Zhuiiang River Estuary mainly because of the impact of the matter source regions, distances from the source regions, and hydrodynamic conditions, such as waves, tidal currents, and coastal currents. Analyses of the parameters of the grain sizes for the various types of sediments showed that the distributions of the surface sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary were controlled by many factors. Their matter sources were mainly the sediments discharged from the runoffs and ebb tidal currents, and from the open sea. The sediments mainly moved by suspension movement. The silts formed a large area of sediments with suspended fine silts in the Zhujiang River Estuary by internal adjustment transportation in the area, and moved toward the western coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary under the effect of Coriolis forces and coastal currents.

海南岛北部海湾表层沉积物粒度特征及输运趋势

对海南岛北部海湾(海口湾、铺前湾、木兰湾和东寨港)192站位的表层沉积物样品进行粒度分析,基于粒级组分划分沉积物类型,利用Flemming三角图式法进行沉积动力分区,采用二维粒径趋势分析模型(GSTA)分析沉积物输运趋势。结果表明:研究区表层沉积物类型包括砾、砂质砾、砂、粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂和粉砂,其中,砂分布面积最广,其次为粉砂质砂,沉积物粒度由南往北依次呈“细—粗”旋回式变化,近岸和口门外砂体分选性较好,东寨港内湾和琼州海峡中部沉积物分选性差。研究区整体以偏高能环境为主,物质输运方式包括河流输沙、海岸侵蚀、沿岸输沙和底床剥蚀,其中,北部海峡潮余流作用强劲,表层沉积物存在EW向输运趋势;海湾中部受波浪和潮流的共同影响,于白沙浅滩处(如意人工岛)形成一个沉积汇聚中心;河口区受波浪、径流和潮流季节交替性作用控制,洪季时口门形成的堆积沙体,在NE向浪和W向沿岸流的侵蚀搬运作用下,向西输运至海口湾;近岸区主要受波浪改造作用影响,其中,铺前湾和木兰湾海域沉积物由海向岸搬运,趋势与波浪和涨潮流作用方向一致;东寨港水动力条件较弱,沉积物无明显输运趋势。研究结果揭示了本区海湾现代沉积特征及陆海交互作用,可为海岸侵蚀防护、航道安全保障和海洋环境治理提供科学依据。

岬湾海滩沉积物粒度粒形分布及其输运趋势的指示

【目的与方法】粒度和粒形作为沉积物的基本属性,蕴含着输运历史、运动方式和沉积环境等丰富的信息。通过利用动态图像法对海南岛保定湾岬湾海滩52个剖面253组表层沉积物样品的粒度粒形测试,分析探讨了粒度粒形沿岸和横向的空间分布特征,结合粒度趋势分析结果建立了粒形趋势分析模型。【结果】研究表明,保定湾开敞段、过渡段和遮蔽段相同岸段内的球形度在沿岸方向差异不大,横向方向有从陆向海逐渐减小的趋势。不同岸段间沉积物在粒度小于2.5Φ时的球形度,在沿岸方向从开敞段至遮蔽段有逐渐减小的趋势。球形度的增大方向可指示沉积物输运趋势,建立的粒形趋势分析模型具有较高的准确性和优势,可计算任意粒度区间的输运趋势,可与粒度分析方法相结合以达到不同的研究目的。【结论】研究成果可为岬湾海滩的演变机制和稳定性研究提供理论支持。

闽江河口水下三角洲及周边海域现代沉积环境演化及其对人类活动的响应

【目的】河口三角洲是陆海相互作用的敏感地带,也是人类活动最为频繁的地区,研究人类活动对河口三角洲演化的影响,一直以来都是国际沉积学的研究重点和热点。【方法】以福建闽江河口水下三角洲为研究对象,通过水动力模拟和表层沉积物粒度分析,探讨了闽江河口水下三角洲及周边海域现代沉积环境演化。【结果与结论】研究区河口内潮流以往复流为主,在口外海域逐渐转变为旋转流,水下三角洲地区流速大,外海流速较小;沉积物类型以砂、粉砂和砂质粉砂为主,平均粒径平均值分别为1.57Φ、6.78Φ和5.62Φ,并且由河口向口外陆架方向沉积物粗颗粒组分含量逐渐减少,细颗粒组分含量逐渐增大;沉积物输运趋势显示,在闽江河口水下三角洲内,沉积物输运呈现向东、东南和东北方向,在口外海域沉积物呈现朝东南和东北离岸方向,以及向西北朝岸方向输运;基于粒度组成、粒度参数及站位水深多元统计分析,综合地理位置、沉积物源和水动力条件,将研究区现代沉积环境划分为4个沉积区;通过探讨不同控制因素下的河口水下三角洲沉积环境差异,揭示了不同沉积区的沉积环境对人类活动的响应。该研究结果可为河口资源开发和生态环境保护提供科学依据。

渤海湾曹妃甸海域沉积物粒度分布特征及运移趋势分析

对渤海湾曹妃甸海域161个表层沉积物样品进行了粒度组分和参数分析,利用Pejrup三角投图进行沉积动力环境分区,并运用GAO-COLLINS模型模拟沉积物输运趋势。结果显示,研究区表层沉积物类型包括砂、粉砂质砂、泥质砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂和黏土。粉砂分布范围最广,其次为粉砂质砂。粒度从东北向西南由粗变细,分选性逐渐变好。研究区东、西方向各有一个沉积中心,且二者沉积物输运趋势差异明显。东部海域沉积中心表现为北侧离岸输运,南侧向近岸输运,西侧向东输运;西部海域沉积中心表现为向西南、向西和向北输运。物源、地形地貌和水动力条件是物质输运的主要控制因素。结合周边工程环境因素、海底地形地貌、海流和地质背景等信息,在Pejrup三角图上,研究区沉积动力环境可划分成3个区,各区沉积动力强度与沉积物类型分布具有较好的对应关系。研究区物质运输主要受潮流、波浪和渤海湾环流控制。本研究揭示了曹妃甸南部海域现代沉积特征和水动力特征,可为曹妃甸围海造陆后海域沉积环境变化研究提供基础资料。

Interpreting grain-size trends associated with bedload transport on the intertidal fiats at Dafeng，central Jiangsu coast

A MIDAS-400 customized data acquisi- tion system has been used for the high-resolution sediment dynamic measurements over the Dafeng intertidal flats of northern Jiangsu during 6 tidal cy- cles from July 3 to July 10, 2003. The bed shear stress and bedload transport rates, in response to wave-current interactions, are calculated, which in- dicate that wind waves enhance the bottom shear stress and bedload transport rates. At the station for measurements, bedload transport was directed to seaward, with a sediment discharge of 30—150 kg·m?1 per tidal cycle. The surficial sediment samples were collected from a grid with 10 m spatial intervals over a rectangle 2×104 m2 experimental area, near the MIDAS-400 during the spring tide of July 4, 2003, and the neap tide of July 9, 2003. In addition, leveling survey was undertaken to obtain the detailed topog- raphy of the sampling area. Grain-size trend analysis of the sediment samples shows that the bedload transport patterns are complex, mainly controlled by the hydrodynamics and local geomorphology (e.g. tidal creeks) over the intertidal flats. Furthermore, the grain-size trends pattern during the neap tide rather than during the spring tide is consistent with the cal- culated bedload transport, and the grain-size trend vectors for the spring tide are larger than those forthe neap tide, indicating that the sampling thickness of surficial sediment during the neap tide may contain the information on the geomorphological evolution (or sediment deposition/erosion) from the spring to the neap tide.

Trend analysis of sediment grain size and sedimentary process in the central South Yellow Sea

With the method of trend analysis of sediment grain size, the sediment transport trend of the fine-grained sediments area in the central South Yellow Sea was studied. The results demonstrated that there is a sedimentation center around the point of 123.4° E, 35.1°N, and the sediments outside the center are transported to it. The patterns of sediment transportation and deposition in the Yellow Sea should be controlled by cyclonic circulation (including the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass) and cold water gyre. The study also showed that the method of trend analysis of sediment grain size has prospective utilization in the fine-grained sediment deposited area on large-scale continental shelf.

东海内陆架表层沉积物粒度及其净输运模式

根据对东海内陆架海底沉积物的粒度测试,运用Gao-Collins"粒度趋势分析"方法,探讨了东海内陆架海底表层沉积物的粒度分布特征和净输运趋势。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物可以分为两类:细颗粒(>5Φ)和粗颗粒(<5Φ);细颗粒分布于研究区的大部分区域,而粗颗粒主要分布在闽江、瓯江等入海河流口门以及马祖等海岛附近;表层沉积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态等粒度参数对应性较好,总体特征为粒径越粗,分选越差,偏态更正偏,而粒径越细,分选越好,偏态也较低;粒径趋势分析显示东海陆架表层沉积物的运移模式总体为NE—WS方向运移,而研究区边缘在运移过程中发生向左右两侧的偏移,南部闽江河口区沉积物由近岸向海方向辐射运移,研究区表层沉积物的净输运模式主要受控于流系和地形等多种因素。

青岛市汇泉湾海水浴场表层沉积物粒度特征及输运趋势

粒径趋势分析以其省力、准确地预测沉积物的输运趋势等优点,在多种海洋环境研究中得到应用,但对研究区域冲淤变化的预测却无能为力。为了弥补这一缺陷,采集并分析了青岛市汇泉湾海水浴场149个表层样品的粒度参数特征,结合沉积物水动力观测资料,对海水浴场沉积物的粒径分布特征及输运趋势进行了研究。结果表明,汇泉湾海水浴场沉积物的分布特征与湾内的水动力条件关系密切,湾内由西向东的沿岸流驱动颗粒较细的泥沙顺海岸线向东运动,而较粗颗粒留在了原地,进而产生了由西北向东南,沉积物类型由细砾、粗沙、中沙、细沙依次分布的特征,且表层沉积物类型分布与平均粒径分布呈现出很好的对应关系。汇泉湾海水浴场由高潮线到沙坝的沉积物输运方向为南东向,沙坝向海一翼的沉积物输运方向为北西向;地形测量数据显示侵蚀区域主要分布在3月份沙坝脊线附近,研究期间总侵蚀量为656.17 m3,而3月份槽线附近为主要的堆积区,研究期间总淤积量为12 415.96 m3。潮流观测和地形测量数据很好地验证了粒径分布趋势的分析结果,并弥补了粒径分布趋势分析在预测沉积物输运方面的不足。

南海西南部表层沉积物粒度特征及输运趋势

对南海西南部海域（3°56’～11°53’N、108°30’～113°47’E）95个表层沉积物样品进行粒度分析的结果表明．研究区主要分布黏土质粉砂和粉砂质黏土，仅在西南部浅水区分布少量砂和粉砂质砂。沉积物粒度参数的总体特征呈现出从浅水向深水粒径越细、分选越好、偏态值更负偏的趋势。用克里格方法对粒度参数进行插值，然后运用GAST程序时沉积物进行粒径趋势分析，结果表明地形对于研究区沉积物的输运起到控制作用。以广雅海台、南薇滩和永署北海台等海底高地形单元为界，以北，来自南海西部陆架的物质通过陆坡被输送进入南海西南海盆；以南，来自巽他陆架和加里曼丹岛的南部陆源物质，通过陆架坡折带被输送进入南薇西和北康陆坡盆地。阵发性的浊流等异常沉积事件会对沉积物粒径输运趋势分析结果产生显著影响，并且沉积物中〈8μm的细颗粒物质间的黏滞性对于沉积物粒径趋势分析结果也有影响，影响程度有待于今后进一步的研究。

北黄海西部海底沉积物的粒度特征和净输运趋势

根据对北黄海西部海底沉积物的粒度测试 ,运用“粒度趋势分析”方法 ,分析探讨了北黄海西部 (渤海海峡区 )海底表层底质的粒度分布特征和净输运趋势。结果表明 ,本区的细颗粒沉积物主要位于北黄海中部和山东半岛沿岸、大连湾附近 ,粗颗粒沉积物则主要分布于庙岛群岛以东和大连湾东南侧海区。沉积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态系数等粒度参数的分布特征有一定的对应性。除庙岛群岛东侧的砂质沉积 ,分选较好之外 ,其它海区的沉积物总体特征是 ,粒径越粗 ,分选越差 ,偏态更正偏 ;而粒径越细 ,分选越好 ,偏态系数也较低。山东半岛北侧的沉积物具有向东和向东北的输运趋势 ,西部沉积物的输运趋势向东南并转向东 ,北部沉积物的输运趋势向南 ,形成了向北黄海中部汇聚的趋势。本项研究还表明“粒度趋势分析”方法在大范围的陆架区域具有较好的适用性。在操作中 ,使用规则的正方形网格可以较全面判断、合成趋势矢量 ;进行高密度的采样有助于揭示沉积物净输运趋势的细节特征。

伶仃洋表层沉积物特征及其泥沙运移趋势

根据伶仃洋表层沉积物的粒度分析资料,探讨表层沉积物的特征,并在此基础上应用Gao-Collins粒径趋势分析方法(GSTA模型)分析了伶仃洋表层沉积物的泥沙净输运趋势。结果表明,伶仃洋表层沉积物共有6种类型,其中以黏土质粉砂分布最广泛。受径流、潮流、波浪和陆架水入侵等多种动力作用,伶仃洋表层沉积物颗粒在北面最粗,南面次之,中间最细,东面略粗,西面略细;分选由中部向东、西两岸逐渐变好,但总体分选差;不同级配的泥沙分布和沉积特征存在差异。伶仃洋泥沙运移规律较复杂,泥沙呈现出向西南输运的总趋势;内伶仃洋四周泥沙受各种力作用,呈现出顺时针方向的环流运移,中心区域为最大浑浊带,泥沙以垂直落淤为主。淇澳岛以南至澳门半岛以东海域受粉砂和黏土向西扩散影响,泥沙向西运移。大屿海峡及外伶仃岛附近海域为高盐水入侵通道,泥沙向西北运移。

南汇边滩的沉积特征和沉积物输运趋势

在对南汇边滩沉积物粒度特征进行分析的基础上,利用Gao-Collins泥沙概率输运模型探讨边滩的沉积物输运趋势,结果表明:①沉积物中值粒径、分选系数和偏度的分布具有一致性,三者相关性较强;②边滩的沉积物粒度特征表现为正偏,分选性较差,分选系数值集中在2左右,沉积物相对较粗(中值粒径大于0.01 mm)的区域主要集中在没冒沙中部、南汇咀及卢潮港近岸,其它区域沉积物相对较细(中值粒径小于0.01 mm);③将Gao-Collins的泥沙概率模型和南汇边滩的动力与沉积环境结合表明,沉积物在东滩的净输运趋势是由北向南输运。由于南滩的动力条件相对复杂,因此南滩沉积物的净输运趋势有待进一步分析。

山东半岛东部靖海湾及邻近海域表层沉积物分布和输运特征分析

通过对靖海湾及邻近海域表层沉积物进行取样,结合水文观测资料,通过粒度分析、"粒径趋势"分析以及表层沉积物输运通量等的计算,探讨该区域沉积物的分布特征及运移趋势。结果表明:研究区沉积物主要有粉砂、黏土质粉砂、砂质粉砂3种类型,其中粉砂和黏土质粉砂占绝大部分;沉积物输运趋势分析表明在泽库半岛前岛村南侧海域,沉积物整体有向岬角汇聚的趋势,鹅嘴西南侧海域,沉积物在-5m等深线以浅呈现顺岸的净输运趋势,-5m以深呈现向岸的输运趋势;表层沉积物输运通量分析表明该海域的日平均单宽输沙通量较小,总体上呈现远岸大于近岸的趋势,净输沙方向为沿涨潮方向向岸输沙。

长江口南槽沉积物特征和运移趋势

根据2003年9月采集的长江口48个沉积物样品和在该区进行的海岸带调查所测取的沉积物资料分析表明,南槽沉积物渐趋细化。进一步利用Mclaren泥沙输运概率模型分析实测资料,结果发现南槽沉积物自北向南输运入海后,主要转向杭州湾北岸输移。此外,分析长江口不同潮时采集的沉积物粒度特征说明,不同潮时的动力作用下,大潮期间的沉积物粒度参数和物质组成与中、小潮期间相应的沉积物粒度参数及物质组成有所不同,因而对长江口不同时期的沉积物作比较分析时,选择同一潮时的沉积物可能更有意义。

珠江口内伶仃洋表层沉积物粒度特征及其运移趋势

对珠江口内伶仃洋158个表层沉积物样品的粒度资料进行分析,探讨了表层沉积物的特征,并在此基础上应用GSTA模型分析了内伶仃洋河口湾泥沙运移趋势。结果表明,珠江口内伶仃洋表层沉积物共有6种类型,其中以黏土质粉砂分布最为广泛。内伶仃洋河口湾泥沙运移特征较复杂,以东槽和西槽为界,分Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区、Ⅲ区。Ⅰ区在涨落潮流的作用下泥沙总体呈现出向东部岸滩运移的趋势;Ⅱ区往复流强劲,盐水楔活动频繁,受科氏力作用泥沙自东北向西南输运;Ⅲ区横门岛至金星门之间的分流间海湾泥沙呈现出向岸滩运移的趋势,淇澳岛周围泥沙呈现出顺时针方向的环流运移的特点。