SPARC Local Workshop on “WCRP Grand Challenges and Regional Climate Change”

1.Overview SPARC（Stratosphere-Troposphere Processes and their Role in Climate）is one of the core projects of the World Climate Research Program（WCRP）,coordinating international efforts to address relevant issues in climate and climate prediction via better understanding of the stratosphere-troposphere system.

亚马逊曝光神秘团队“Grand Challenge”

2018年6月有媒体曝光了亚马逊建立的神秘团队“Grand Challenge”,该团队类似谷歌的创新实验室X,由谷歌眼镜之父巴芭克·帕维兹(Babak Parviz)领导,研究领域包括癌症研究、医疗数据、“最后一英里”配送等多个前沿技术项目。Grand

Strategic Project Management to Use the Grand Challenge Scholars Program to Address Urban Infrastructure

Throughout the world, infrastructure to support cities is critical to support sustainable and responsible economic development. This can include new infrastructure projects in the case of growing areas. It can also include the renewal and upgrading of existing infrastructure in areas that have been inhabited and already developed. Infrastructure includes roads, bridges and transportation systems; power grids and energy service;internet and telecommunications; and water and sewer services. This development can be part of a system of systems, in which government, industries, and universities can contribute knowledge, skills, and abilities. This paper will investigate the strategic project management taken by one university to provide an academic experience that will prepare engineering students to address several of the Grand Engineering Challenges of the 21 st Century, as identified by the US National Academy of Engineering.The challenges relating to energy, water, information, and urban infrastructure can be approached using the functions of teaching, research, and service. By approaching the challenges strategically, resources of faculty time, student effort and laboratory facilities can be leveraged to achieve greater results. This case study will describe the efforts and results to date and identify opportunities for future growth.

Open Innovation： A Systematic Literature Analysis

What is open innovation？ There are different definitions of open innovation, depending, at least, on three parameters： source, ownership, or users of the knowledge linked to innovation. The aim of the paper is to make a systematic literature review, to map open innovation studies, and to re-conceptualize the openness according to two dimensions： degree of technology convergence and ontology of openness. In particular, we propose a classification of open innovation, based on the distinction between the originator/developer of the knowledge and the user. Users are a ubiquitous category, because they can be originators, as well as customers of the innovation itself. Therefore, we point out that there are three types of open innovation, whose degree of openness is defined according to an ontological dimension： at users’ level, at an industry level, and among different fields or industries. Firm’s structure affects the propensity to open innovation adoption; and the type of innovation itself. Finally, we identify another literature gap： the relationship between the open innovation model and grand challenge. Even if open innovation seems to be ideally connected to grand challenges and many industries actually adopt this model, there seems to emerge a gap in literature. Therefore, we propose a conceptual model for future researches.

Atmospheric and ecosystem big data providing key contributions in reaching United Nations’Sustainable Development Goals

Big open data comprising comprehensive,long-term atmospheric and ecosystem in-situ observations will give us tools to meet global grand challenges and to contribute towards sustainable develop-ment.United Nations’Sustainable Development Goals(UN SDGs)provide framework for the process.We present synthesis on how Station for Measuring Earth Surface-Atmosphere Relations(SMEAR)observation network can contribute to UN SDGs.We describe SMEAR II flagship station in Hyytiälä,Finland.With more than 1200 variables measured in an integrated manner,we can under-stand interactions and feedbacks between biosphere and atmo-sphere.This contributes towards understanding impacts of climate change to natural ecosystems and feedbacks from ecosys-tems to climate.The benefits of SMEAR concept are highlighted through outreach project in Eastern Lapland utilizing SMEAR I observations from Värriöresearch station.In contrast to boreal environment,SMEAR concept was also deployed in Beijing.We underline the benefits of comprehensive observations to gain novel insights into complex interactions between densely popu-lated urban environment and atmosphere.Such observations enable work towards solving air quality problems and improve the quality of life inside megacities.The network of comprehensive stations with various measurements will enable science-based deci-sion making and support sustainable development by providing long-term view on spatio-temporal trends on atmospheric compo-sition and ecosystem parameters.