Alteration Typology and Geochemical Signatures of the Napélépéra Gold-Bearing Granodiorite in South-West Burkina Faso (West Africa)

The characterization of the relationships between mineralization and hydrothermal alteration is an essential element in understanding gold deposits. In south-west Burkina Faso, the Napélépéra mineralisation, the mobility of chemical elements and alteration-mineralization relationships were studied by means of selected core drilling and geochemical analyses using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) and ICP-AES (Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy). The mineralised granodiorite is grey porphyroid with quartz, plagioclase, biotite and amphibole. It is metaluminous and located in the tholeiitic series. The Na2O + CaO versus Fe2O3 + MgO alteration diagram divides the samples according to alteration dominance. Chloritisation and carbonation are the main alterations. There is a relationship between gold mineralisation at Napélépéra and alteration, and the paragenesis of gold + pyrite ± carbonate ± silica ± sericite is the main characteristic. Carbonation is the result of fluid input in the shear corridor of the mineralised zone. The mass balance of comparative metals in the proximal and distal zones of the mineralisation shows the absence of metals, while As, Hg, Ag and Bi are strongly enriched from the distal zone to the mineralised zone. The oxides associated with the mineralisation are mainly NaO, SrO and CaO.

Paleo-Tethyan Oceanic Crust Subduction in the Eastern Section of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt:Geochronology and Petrogenesis of the Qushi'ang Granodiorite

The Qushi’ang granodiorite（QSG） is located at the central east of the ophiolitic melange belt in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt（EKOB） in the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating suggests that the granodiorite and mafic microgranular enclaves（MMEs） crystallized 246.61±0.62 and 245.45±0.9 Ma ago, respectively. Granodiorite, porphyritic diorite, and MMEs are metaluminous and medium-K calk-alkaline series, with island-arc magma features, such as LILE enrichment and HFSE depletion. The porphyritic diorite has high Cr（13.50 ppm to 59.01 ppm）, Ni（228.53 ppm to 261.29 ppm）, and Mg~#（46–54）. Granodiorite and porphyritic diorite have similar mineral compositions and evolved major and trace elements contents, particularly Cr and Ni, both of which are significantly higher than that in granites of the same period. The crystallization age of MMEs is close to that of granodiorite, and their major and trace elements contents are in-between porphyritic diorite and granodiorite. The results suggest that the original mafic magma, which was the product of mantle melting by subduction process, intruded into the lower crust（Kuhai Rock Group）, resulting in the formation of granodiorite. Countinous intrusion of mafic magma into the unconsolidated granodiorite formed MMEs and porphyritic diorite. The granodiorite reformed by late-stage strike-slip faulting tectonic event indicates that the strike-slip fault of Middle Kunlun and the collision of the Bayanhar block with East Kunlun were later than 246 Ma. Therefore, the formation of the QSG not only indicates the critical period of evolution of East Kunlun but also represents the tectonic transition from oceanic crust subduction to slab breaking.

Geochronology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Setting of the Bairiqiete Granodiorite Intrusion(Rock Mass) from the Buqingshan Tectonic Mélange Belt in the Southern Margin of East Kunlun

This study focuses on the zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of the Bairiqiete granodiorite intrusion （rock mass） from the Buqingshan tectonic mélange belt in the southern margin of East Kunlun.The results show that the zircons are characterized by internal oscillatory zoning and high Th/U （0.14-0.80）,indicative of an igneous origin.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons from the Bairiqiete granodiorite yielded an age of 439.0 ± 1.9 Ma （MSWD =0.34）,implying that the Bairiqiete granodiorite formed in the early Silurian.Geochemical analyses show that the rocks are medium-K calc-alkaline,relatively high in Al2O3 （14.57-18.34 wt％） and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous.Rare-earth elements have low concentrations （45.49-168.31 ppm） and incline rightward with weak negative to weak positive Eu anomalies （δEu =0.64-1.34）.Trace-element geochemistry is characterized by negative anomalies of Nb,Ta,Zr,Hf and Ti and positive anomalies of Rb,Th and Ba.Moreover,the rocks have similar geochemical features with adakites.The Bairiqiete granodiorite appears to have a continental crust source and formed in a subduction-related island-arc setting.The Bairiqiete granodiorite was formed due to partial melting of the lower crust and suggests subduction in the Buqingshan area of the Proto-Tethys Ocean.

S and Pb Isotopic Constraints on the Relationship between the Linong Granodiorite and the Yangla Copper Deposit,Yunnan,China

The Yangla copper deposit, located in western Yunnan Province, China, is a typical giant, newly started mining copper deposit with an estimated Cu reserves of about 1,200,000 tons. The deposit is spatially and temporally associated with the Linong granodiorite, which is rich in SiO2 （SIO2=58.25 wt%-69.84 wt%） and alkalis （Na20＋K20=5.98 wt%-8.34 wt%）, indicating an association with shoshonitic series to high-K calc-alkaline series granites, and shows low contents of TiO2 （0.35 wt%- 0.48 wt%）, MgO （1.51 wt%-1.72 wt%）, and A1203 （13.38 wt%-19.75 wt%）. The 34S values of sulfides of the main ore stage from copper ores vary range from -4.2%o to -0.9%o, indicating a much greater contribution from the mantle to the ore-forming fluids. The 34S values of the late ore stage is -9.8%0, indicating enrichment of biogenic sulfur which may derive from the crustal hydrothermal fluid. The 208pb/204pb, 207pb/204pb and 206pb/204pb of sulfides of the main ore stage from copper ores range within 38.66-38.73, 15.71-15.74 and 18.35-19.04, respectively, implying that the Pb was derived from the mantle, with the crustal component, probably representing mixtures of mantle lead and crustal lead. Sulfide of the late ore stage in their Pb isotopic composition, 208pb/204pb= 38.69, 207pb/204pb=15.70, 206Pb/204pb=18.35, implying that the Pb was derived from the crust. The Linong granodiorite is syn- collisional, produced by partial melting of thickened lower crust, which was triggered by the westward subduction of the Jinshajiang Oceanic plate. During a transition in geodynamic setting from collision- related compression to extension, gently dipping ductile shear zones （related to subduction） were transformed to brittle shear zones, consisting of a series of thrust faults in the Jinshajiang tectonic belt. The tensional thrust faults would have been a favorable environment for ore-forming fluids. The ascending magma provided a channel for the ore-forming fluid from the mantle wedge. After the magma arrived at the base of the early-stage Linong granodiorite, the platy granodiorite at the base of the body would have shielded the late-stage magma from the fluid. The magma would have cooled slowly, and some of the ore-forming fluid in the magma would have entered the gently dipping thrust faults near the Linong granodiorite, resulting in mineralization.

In Situ Analyses of Trace Elements, U–Pb and Lu–Hf Isotopes in Zircons from the Tongshankou Granodiorite Porphyry in Southeast Hubei Province, Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, China

The Tongshankou Cu-Mo deposit, located in southeast Hubei province, is a typical skarn–porphyry type ore deposit closely related to the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry, characterized by a high Sr/Y ratio.Detailed in situ analyses of the trace elements and U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes in zircons from the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry were performed.Scarcely any inherited zircons were observed, and the analyzed zircons yielded highly concordant results with a weighted mean 206Pb/238 U age of 143.5 ± 0.45 Ma（n=20, mean square weighted deviation was 0.75）, which was interpreted to represent the crystallization age of the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry.The chondrite-normalized rare-earth element pattern was characterized by a slope that steeply rises from the light-group rare-earth elements（LREE） to the heavy-group rare-earth elements（HREE） with a positive Ce-anomaly and inconspicuous Eu-anomaly, which was coincident with the pattern of the zircons from the Chuquicamata West porphyry, Chile.The analyzed zircons also had relatively low 176Hf/177 Hf ratios of 0.282526–0.282604.Assuming t=143 Ma, the corresponding calculated initial Hf isotope compositions（εHf（t）） ranged from-5.6 to-2.9.The results of the in situ analysis of trace elements and U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes in zircons from the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry suggest that a deep-seated process involving a thickened-crust/enriched-mantle interaction may play an important role in the generation of high Sr/Y-ratio magma and potentially in the generation of porphyry Cu-Mo systems.

New Zircon U-Pb Age of Granodiorite in Chifeng at the Northern Margin of North China Craton and Constraints on Plate Tectonic Evolution

Objective The North China Craton （NCC） is one of the oldest cratons in the world. The accretionary belt at its northern margin has been the focus of scholars both at home and abroad （Zhu Junbing and Ren Jishun, 2017）. In recent years, a series of Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic intrusions trending E-W have been discovered within the northern margin of the NCC, forming a magmatic belt. The study on the origin and tectonic setting of this magmatic belt not only has important significance for understanding the Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic tectonic evolution history of the northern margin of the NCC, but also can provide key constraints on the evolution of its surrounding Xing＇an- Mongolia orogenic belt and the Paleo-Asian Ocean. At present, no Devonian to early stage of Early Carboniferous intrusion has been reported within the northern margin of the NCC.

Chronology,Geochemistry and Tectonic Settings of the Hadamiao Granodiorite on the Northern Margin of the North China Platform

The Hadamiao granodiorite,located on the northern margin of the North China platform and acting as the country rock of gold deposits in the Hadamiao region,was formed in the same age and similar tectonic settings with the Hadamiao gold deposit and the large-scale Bilihe gold deposit in the same area.By using the LA-ICP-MS method,the U-Pb age obtained is 267±1.3 Ma,which represents the crystallized age of the granodiorite,and that of the xenolithic zircon is 442.8±5 Ma. Base on the main elements,it exhibits the features of calc-alkaline to high-potassium calc-alkaline series,low silicon,and quasi-aluminous I-type granites,and with high magnesium（Mg~#=0.45-0.57） and high sodium contents（Na_2O/K_2O=0.98-2.29）.The SREE values（81.6-110.15 ppm） are relatively low,the fractionations between LREE and HREE are obvious,showing a right-inclined dispersion in the REE distribution diagram.Compared with the primitive mantle,the rock is relatively rich in LREE（La and Ce）,LILE（K,Sr,and Th）,and intensively depleted in HFSE（Ti,P,Nb and Ta）.The ratios of Sr/Y and（La/Yb）_N and the contents of Rb,Nb and Y are relatively low,the Sr values are high （436.35-567.26 ppm）,and the Yb contents of most samples are low（1.25-1.8）,which indicate the features of typical continental margin arc and adakitic rocks.According to the values ofε_（Nd）（t）（-2.4 to ＋0.2） and I_（Sr）（0.7028-0.7083）,and variations of the La/Sm ratios,the Hadamiao granodiorite was formed from mixing of the thickened molten lower crust and the mantle wedge substances.The rock was related to the southward subduction and accretion of the Paleo-Asia Ocean in the Late Paleozoic, being Late Paleozoic magma of the continental margin arc formed on the basement of the Early Paleozoic accretion complexes,and showing a trend of turning into adakitic rocks,which indicates their great metallogenic（Au） potential.

The Discovery of Late Ordovician Granodiorite in the Xiemisitai Area, Xinjiang and its Geological Significance

Objective The Xiemisitai area located in the northern part of the West Junggar, Xinjiang is an important component of the central Asian metallogenic domain. Recent studies show that the formation age of acid volcanic and intrusive rocks in the Xiemisitai area mainly ranges from the Late Silurian to the Early Devonian, and the age of the mineralized dacite porphyry is Early Silurian. These rocks are the principal part of the Early Paleozoic arc magmatic belt, which are related to the Paleo-Asian Ocean slab subduction. However, there have been no reports of the pre-Silurian arc granitoid, which has restricted the discussion on the Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution in the area. This work studied the newly discovered granodiorite mass near Yinisala in the Xiemisitai area to determine its formation age and tectonic environment, magma source and petrogenesis, providing new information for the discussion on the Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution in the Xiemisitai area.

New Zircon U-Pb Age of Granodiorite from the Shayikenbulake Be Deposit in Altay, Xinjiang and its Significance

Objective Intrusive rocks are widely distributed in Altay, Xinjiang, and appear in every structural belt. The rocks are mainly granite （Song Peng et al., 2017）, which formed from 523 Ma to 202 Ma and can be divided into five periods： 479-421 Ma, 410-370 Ma, 368-313 Ma, 300- 252 Ma and 247-202 Ma. However, intrusive rocks earlier than the Ordovician are rarely found. The small- scale low-grade metamorphic granite intruded in the Kanasi Group is the oldest intrusion reported up to now, which is the only one formed in the Early Cambrian （5234-19 Ma, Liu Yuan et al., 2013）. Few Cambrian intrusions limit the study of early magmatic-tectonic evolution in Altay. Medium-free-grained granodiorite is exposed widely in the Shayikenbulake deposit of Central Altay, and occurs as batholith. It formed in the Early Cambrian indicated by U-Pb dating, and is an ideal intrusion for studying Cambrian magmatic-tectonic events in Altay.

Genesis of Mafic Microgranular Enclaves in the Shaocunwu Granodiorite,Southern China,and their Implications:Evidence from Zircon and Whole-rock Geochemistry

Magmatic microgranular enclaves(MMEs)are widely developed in the Shaocunwu granodiorite at the northeast margin of the eastern Jiangnan orogenic belt.Field geology showed that the MMEs occur as irregular ellipsoids near the edge of the intrusion,and consist of diorite,dominantly composed of amphibole,biotite,and plagioclase grains,with minor acicular apatite.Zircon U-Pb dating showed the ages of the host granodiorites and MMEs are 145.9±1.1 Ma and 145.6±2.5 Ma,respectively,indicating both originated during coeval late Jurassic magmatism.Whole-rock geochemical results show that the host granodiorite and MMEs have similar rare earth and trace element partition curves in spider grams,and similar 87Sr/86Sr,and 147Nd/144Nd isotope ratios,and their zircon 177Hf/176Hf isotopic ratios are similar.Geochemical studies indicate that both the host granodiorite and MMEs formed by mixing of coeval magma.Zircon Ti thermometers and oxygen fugacity of the host granodiorite and the MMEs show high oxygen fugacity,similar to that of W-Cu(Mo)mineralized granitoids in the eastern Jiangnan orogenic belt.A similar magma mixing process was probably one of the mechanisms that generated the W-Cu(Mo)fertile melts.

A geochronological and geochemical study on the granodiorite porphyry and its implication for the mineralization in the Dayaoshan metallogenic belt,Southeastern China

A systematic study combining U-Pb zircon dating,lithogeochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic analyses was carried out upon the Xinping granodiorite porphyry in the Dayaoshan metallogenic belt to understand its petrogenesis and tectonic significance.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating yielded a 442.7±5.8 Ma age,indicating that the granodiorite porphyry was emplaced during the Llandovery Silurian of the Early Paleozoic.The granodiorite porphyry shares the same geochemical characteristics such as Eu negative anomaly as other syn-tectonic granite plutons in the region,including the granodiorite porphyry in Dawangding and granite porphyries in the Dali Cu-Mo deposit and Longtoushang old deposit,indicating a similar magma evolution process.The Xinping granodiorite porphyry has high contents of SiO2(67.871.8%)and K2O(1.78-3.42%)and is metaluminous-peraluminous with A/CNK ratios ranging from 0.97 to 1.06,indicative of high-potassium calc-alkaline to calc-alkaline affinity.It is a I-type granite enriched in large ion lithophile elements Rb,Sr,while depleted in Ba and high field-strength element Nb.Tectonically,a collision between the Yunkai Block from the south and the Guangxi Yunnan-North Vietnam Block from the north during the Early Paleozoic was followed by uplifting of the Dayaoshan terrane.The Xinping granodiorite porphyry was likely emplaced during the collision.Sr-Nd isotopic analyses show that the granodiorite porphyry has initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios(Isr)of 0.7080-0.7104,εNd(t)range from-0.08 to-4.09,and t2DM between 1.19 and 1.51 Ga,well within the north-east low-value zone of the Cathaysia block,indicating a Paleoproterozoic Cathaysia basement source and an involvement of under plating mantle magma.Field observations,geochronological data,and 3D spatial distribution all lead to the conclusion that the Early Paleozoic Xinping granodiorite porphyry does not have any metallogenic and temporal relationships with the Xinping gold deposit(which has a Jurassic-Early Cretaceous age based on previous studies)but a close metallogenic relation to W-Mo mineralization.

Geochemistry Characteristics of Granodiorite Porphyry in the Degongniuchang Copper Deposit, Muli, Sichuan Province, China

1 Introduction 1The Sanjiang region in SE Tibet Plateau and NW Yunnan is known to have formed by amalgamation of Gongwanaderived continental blocks and arc terranes as a result of oceanic subduction followed by continental

Zircon U-Pb geochronology,geochemistry and geological significance of Xiarihamu granodiorite in Eastern Kunlun orogenic belt,Qinghai

Zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of the granodiorites in Xiarihamu Cu-Ni mining area are studied to determine the formation age,genesis and tectonic setting. The results show that the granodiorites formed in the Middle Triassic with weighted average age of 242 ± 1 Ma. The granodiorites comprise of SiO_2 of 61. 34%--62. 54%,Al_2 O_3 of 16. 46%--16. 87%,MgO of 2. 37%--2. 66%,( Na_2 O + K_2 O) of 5. 39%--5. 74%with the Na2 O/K_2 O of 1. 46--1. 88,Mg~# of 47. 03--48. 04,and show metaluminous characteristics with A/CNK of 0. 94--0. 96,belonging to calc-alkaline I-type granites geochemically. The light and heavy rare earth elements in the rocks are distinctly fractionated and have " right-inclined" distribution patterns with weak negative Eu anomalies( δEu = 0. 84--0. 91). Moreover,these samples show enrichments in LILEs( e. g.,Rb,Ba,K and Sr),especially in Sr [( 343--452) × 10^(-6)],and obvious depletions in HFSEs( e. g.,Nb,Ta,Ti and P),indicating geochemical characteristics similar to subduction-related magmatic rocks. According to the regional tectonic evolution,the Xiarihamu granodiorites were emplaced under an Andean-type active continental margin environment in the early Indosinian,possessing a crust-mantle mixing origin.

The Genesis of the Damiao Granodiorite in Siziwangqi and Its Constraint on the Crust Evolution of Inner Mongolia

A large number of granitoids constitutes a giant granitic belt trending EW in the Inner Mongolia.As a representative of those intrusions,the Damiao granitoid in Siziwangqi area may serve as a natural laboratory for the study of genesis of granite and evolution of crust.It is mainly composed of mid-coarse grained granodiorite with abundant

LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Age and Hf Isotopic Composition of Late Carboniferous Granodiorite in the Southern East Junggar,Xinjiang:Genesis and Tectonic Implication

A large area of Late Paleozoic intrusions occursalong the Kalamaili fault in North Xinjiang,which is divided into I-type and A-type granite(Liu et al.,2013),and are the ideal objects for revealing the geological evolution of this region.However,the study of the granodioritic pluton in East Junggar is particularly weak.

Zircon U-Pb age and geochemical characteristics of granodiorites from the western Qilian block

1 Introduction Qilian Block is located in between the South China Craton and the North China Craton and the Tarim Craton(Fig.1a),which is one of the key area to study the tectonic evolution of China.The Phanerozoic tectonic framework

Zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic constraints on petrogenesis of Carnian Huanglonggou granodiorites in Wulonggou area of Eastern Kunlun Orogen,NW China

The Wulonggou area located in the Eastern Kunlun Orogen in NW China is characterized by extensive granitoid magmatism,ductile faulting and orogenic gold mineralization.The Huanglonggou granodiorite is cut by an orogenic gold-bearing fault.This study investigated the major and trace-element compositions,zircon U-Pb dates and zircon Hf isotopic compositions of the Huanglonggou granodiorite.One Huanglonggou granodiorite sample yielded a weighted mean U-Pb zircon age of^221 Ma(Carnian).The Carnian granodiorite is metaluminous,with high alkalis contents of 6.37%--8.86%,high Al_2O_3contents of 15.41%--16.19%,high Sr contents of(426--475)×10^(-6),relatively high Sr/Y ratios,high(La/Yb)_Nvalues and low HREE,suggesting an adakite type high-Si O_2granite.The Huanglonggou granodiorite sample has zirconε_(Hf)(t)values ranging from-4.4 to+1.1.These Hf isotopic data suggest that the Carnian granodiorite was likely derived from the partial melting of subducted Paleo-Tethys oceanic slab.It is suggested that the Late Triassic granodiorite was emplaced during the northward subduction of Paleo-Tethys oceanic slab.Orogenic gold mineralization in the Wulonggou area formed after the emplacement of the Late Triassic intrusive rocks.

U-Pb Zircon Age, Geochemical and Sr-Nd Isotopic Constraints on the Age and Origin of the Granodiorites in Guilong, Southeastern Yunnan Province, Southern China

Post-collision felsic rocks in Southeastern Yunnan province contain granodiorites. U-Pb zircon ages, geochemical data and Sr-Nd isotopic data for these rocks are reported in the present paper. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U-Pb zircon analyses yielded consistent age 252.5 ± 1.0 Ma for one sample of the felsic rocks. The granodiorites were characterized by variational and high (87Sr/86Sr)i, ranging from 0.7223 to 0.7236 and very low εNd (t) values from –29.1 to –30.4. In addition, these rocks are characterized by slight Eu negative anomalies, Nb, Ta, Ti and Sr negative anomalies on primitive mantle normalization spider. Geochemical and isotopic characteristics suggest that these rocks were derived from an enriched crust source. The granodiorites resulted from the fractionation of potassium feldspar, plagioclase and ilmenite or rutile. However, the granodiorites were unaffected by visible crustal contamination during ascent. As a result, the granodiorites may have been formed due to partial melting of crust-derived sedimentary rocks beneath southeastern Yunnan province, southern China.

Archean Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite Suites Bearing Orthopyroxene Mineral of the Bounta Region and Their Sulfide and Oxide Iron Mineralization (Western Ivory Coast)

The mining company Sama Nickel-CI during its exploration activities in the Bounta area (Biankouma department, western Côte d’Ivoire) identified rocks with magmatic and metamorphic characteristics of felsic to mafic compositions mineralized in sulfide but unknown in the region. Thus, the petrographic characterization of these rocks of Bounta as well as the sulfides they contain, was carried out from macroscopic to microscopic observations. Petrographic analysis of these rocks has shown that these rocks are trondhjemite, tonalite and granodiorite (TTG) suites, composed of the main minerals (quartz, plagioclase, orthopyroxene, amphibole, feldspar) and accessory minerals (biotite, garnet) with magmatic textures supplanted by metamorphic textures. They were set up by fractional crystallization and would be products of Archean crustal anatexis formed from the partial melting of basaltic protocrust during the Liberian orogeny. The Bounta’s series of trondhjemite, tonalite and granodiorite (TTG) contain speckles of sulfide (pyrite and pyrrhotite) which are disseminated in places and are relatively abundant, as well as iron oxides (magnetite) which are of low proportion.

Jinning granodiorite and diorite deeply concealed in the central Tarim Basin

The 7200-m-deep Well Tacan 1 in the central Tarim Basin is the deepest in China. Purplish gray medium-grained granodiorite containing dark gray fine-grained diorite xenolith is revealed at the base of the well (7169―7200 m), and they are results of the Jinning magmatic activities. Trace-element geochemistry and REE profiles of both rock types are similar, indicating that they are calc-alkaline series I-type granitoid. Proxies of diorite signify the development of a magmatic arc due to subduction at ca. 1200 Ma. The granodiorite was formed before 890―932 Ma. However, more study is needed to clarify if the arc diorite represents a ca. 300 Ma extension of the subduction or a reactivation during the orogenic collision event at ca. 900 Ma.