VIDEO MULTI-TARGET TRACKING BASED ON PROBABILISTIC GRAPHICAL MODEL

In the technique of video multi-target tracking,the common particle filter can not deal well with uncertain relations among multiple targets.To solve this problem,many researchers use data association method to reduce the multi-target uncertainty.However,the traditional data association method is difficult to track accurately when the target is occluded.To remove the occlusion in the video,combined with the theory of data association,this paper adopts the probabilistic graphical model for multi-target modeling and analysis of the targets relationship in the particle filter framework.Ex-perimental results show that the proposed algorithm can solve the occlusion problem better compared with the traditional algorithm.

Support Recovery of Gaussian Graphical Model with False Discovery Rate Control

This paper focuses on the support recovery of the Gaussian graphical model(GGM)with false discovery rate(FDR)control.The graceful symmetrized data aggregation(SDA)technique which involves sample splitting,data screening and information pooling is exploited via a node-based way.A matrix of test statistics with symmetry property is constructed and a data-driven threshold is chosen to control the FDR for the support recovery of GGM.The proposed method is shown to control the FDR asymptotically under some mild conditions.Extensive simulation studies and a real-data example demonstrate that it yields a better FDR control while offering reasonable power in most cases.

Compression schemes for concept classes induced by three types of discrete undirected graphical models

Sample compression schemes were first proposed by Littlestone and Warmuth in 1986.Undi-rected graphical model is a powerful tool for classification in statistical learning.In this paper,we consider labelled compression schemes for concept classes induced by discrete undirected graphical models.For the undirected graph of two vertices with no edge,where one vertex takes two values and the other vertex can take any finite number of values,we propose an algorithm to establish a labelled compression scheme of size VC dimension of associated concept class.Further,we extend the result to other two types of undirected graphical models and show the existence of labelled compression schemes of size VC dimension for induced concept classes.The work of this paper makes a step forward in solving sample compression problem for concept class induced by a general discrete undirected graphical model.

Decomposition of Covariate-Dependent Graphical Models with Categorical Data

Graphical models are wildly used to describe conditional dependence relationships among interacting random variables.Among statistical inference problems of a graphical model,one particular interest is utilizing its interaction structure to reduce model complexity.As an important approach to utilizing structural information,decomposition allows a statistical inference problem to be divided into some sub-problems with lower complexities.In this paper,to investigate decomposition of covariate-dependent graphical models,we propose some useful definitions of decomposition of covariate-dependent graphical models with categorical data in the form of contingency tables.Based on such a decomposition,a covariate-dependent graphical model can be split into some sub-models,and the maximum likelihood estimation of this model can be factorized into the maximum likelihood estimations of the sub-models.Moreover,some sufficient and necessary conditions of the proposed definitions of decomposition are studied.

Predictive factors and model validation of post-colon polyp surgery Helicobacter pylori infection

BACKGROUND Recently,research has linked Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)stomach infection to colonic inflammation,mediated by toxin production,potentially impacting colorectal cancer occurrence.AIM To investigate the risk factors for post-colon polyp surgery,H.pylori infection,and its correlation with pathologic type.METHODS Eighty patients who underwent colon polypectomy in our hospital between January 2019 and January 2023 were retrospectively chosen.They were then randomly split into modeling(n=56)and model validation(n=24)sets using R.The modeling cohort was divided into an H.pylori-infected group(n=37)and an H.pylori-uninfected group(n=19).Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of H.pylori infection after colon polyp surgery.A roadmap prediction model was established and validated.Finally,the correlation between the different pathological types of colon polyps and the occurrence of H.pylori infection was analyzed after colon polyp surgery.RESULTS Univariate results showed that age,body mass index(BMI),literacy,alcohol consumption,polyp pathology type,high-risk adenomas,and heavy diet were all influential factors in the development of H.pylori infection after intestinal polypectomy.Binary multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age,BMI,and type of polyp pathology were independent predictors of the occurrence of H.pylori infection after intestinal polypectomy.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.969[95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.928–1.000]and 0.898(95%CI:0.773–1.000)in the modeling and validation sets,respectively.The slope of the calibration curve of the graph was close to 1,and the goodness-of-fit test was P>0.05 in the two sets.The decision analysis curve showed a high rate of return in both sets.The results of the correlation analysis between different pathological types and the occurrence of H.pylori infection after colon polyp surgery showed that hyperplastic polyps,inflammatory polyps,and the occurrence of H.pylori infection were not significantly correlated.In contrast,adenomatous polyps showed a significant positive correlation with the occurrence of H.pylori infection.CONCLUSION Age,BMI,and polyps of the adenomatous type were independent predictors of H.pylori infection after intestinal polypectomy.Moreover,the further constructed column-line graph prediction model of H.pylori infection after intestinal polypectomy showed good predictive ability.

Bayesian Lasso with Neighborhood Regression Method for Gaussian Graphical Model

In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating a high dimensional precision matrix of Gaussian graphical model. Taking advantage of the connection between multivariate linear regression and entries of the precision matrix, we propose Bayesian Lasso together with neighborhood regression estimate for Gaussian graphical model. This method can obtain parameter estimation and model selection simultaneously. Moreover,the proposed method can provide symmetric confidence intervals of all entries of the precision matrix.

A two-step method for estimating high-dimensional Gaussian graphical models

The problem of estimating high-dimensional Gaussian graphical models has gained much attention in recent years. Most existing methods can be considered as one-step approaches, being either regression-based or likelihood-based. In this paper, we propose a two-step method for estimating the high-dimensional Gaussian graphical model. Specifically, the first step serves as a screening step, in which many entries of the concentration matrix are identified as zeros and thus removed from further consideration. Then in the second step, we focus on the remaining entries of the concentration matrix and perform selection and estimation for nonzero entries of the concentration matrix. Since the dimension of the parameter space is effectively reduced by the screening step,the estimation accuracy of the estimated concentration matrix can be potentially improved. We show that the proposed method enjoys desirable asymptotic properties. Numerical comparisons of the proposed method with several existing methods indicate that the proposed method works well. We also apply the proposed method to a breast cancer microarray data set and obtain some biologically meaningful results.

Probabilistic graphical models in energy systems:A review

Probabilistic graphical models(PGMs)can effectively deal with the problems of energy consumption and occupancy prediction,fault detection and diagnosis,reliability analysis,and optimization in energy systems.Compared with the black-box models,PGMs show advantages in model interpretability,scalability and reliability.They have great potential to realize the true artificial intelligence in energy systems of the next generation.This paper intends to provide a comprehensive review of the PGM-based approaches published in the last decades.It reveals the advantages,limitations and potential future research directions of the PGM-based approaches for energy systems.Two types of PGMs are summarized in this review,including static models(SPGMs)and dynamic models(DPGMs).SPGMs can conduct probabilistic inference based on incomplete,uncertain or even conflicting information.SPGM-based approaches are proposed to deal with various management tasks in energy systems.They show outstanding performance in fault detection and diagnosis of energy systems.DPGMs can represent a dynamic and stochastic process by describing how its state changes with time.DPGM-based approaches have high accuracy in predicting the energy consumption,occupancy and failures of energy systems.In the future,a unified framework is suggested to fuse the knowledge-driven and data-driven PGMs for achieving better performances.Universal PGM-based approaches are needed that can be adapted to various energy systems.Hybrid algorithms would outperform the basic PGMs by integrating advanced techniques such as deep learning and first-order logic.

Enhancing Feature Discretization in Alarm and Fire Detection Systems Using Probabilistic Inference Models

Sensors for fire alarms require a high level of predictive variables to ensure accurate detection, injury prevention, and loss prevention. Bayesian networks can aid in enhancing early fire detection capabilities and reducing the frequency of erroneous fire alerts, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of numerous safety monitoring systems. This research explores the development of optimized probabilistic graphic models for the discretization thresholds of alarm system predictor variables. The study presents a statistical model framework that increases the efficacy of fire detection by predicting the discretization thresholds of alarm system predictor variable fluctuations used to detect the onset of fire. The work applies the Bayesian networks and probabilistic visual models to reveal the specific characteristics required to cope with fire detection strategies and patterns. The adopted methodology utilizes a combination of prior knowledge and statistical data to draw conclusions from observations. Utilizing domain knowledge to compute conditional dependencies between network variables enabled predictions to be made through the application of specialized analytical and simulation techniques.

Systemic Risk of Conventional and Islamic Banks: Comparison with Graphical Network Models

The main aim of this paper is to compare the stability, in terms of systemic risk, of conventional and Islamic banking systems. To this aim, we propose correlation network models for stock market returns based on graphical Gaussian distributions, which allows us to capture the contagion effects that move along countries. We also consider Bayesian graphical models, to account for model uncertainty in the measurement of financial systems interconnectedness. Our proposed model is applied to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region banking sector, characterized by the presence of both conventional and Islamic banks, for the period from 2007 to the beginning of 2014. Our empirical findings show that there are differences in the systemic risk and stability of the two banking systems during crisis times. In addition, the differences are subject to country specific effects that are amplified during crisis period.

Development of a building information model-guided post-earthquake building inspection framework using 3D synthetic environments

Computer vision-based inspection methods show promise for automating post-earthquake building inspections.These methods survey a building with unmanned aerial vehicles and automatically detect damage in the collected images.Nevertheless,assessing the damage′s impact on structural safety requires localizing damage to specific building components with known design and function.This paper proposes a BIM-based automated inspection framework to provide context for visual surveys.A deep learning-based semantic segmentation algorithm is trained to automatically identify damage in images.The BIM automatically associates any identified damage with specific building components.Then,components are classified into damage states consistent with component fragility models for integration with a structural analysis.To demonstrate the framework,methods are developed to photorealistically simulate severe structural damage in a synthetic computer graphics environment.A graphics model of a real building in Urbana,Illinois,is generated to test the framework;the model is integrated with a structural analysis to apply earthquake damage in a physically realistic manner.A simulated UAV survey is flown of the graphics model and the framework is applied.The method achieves high accuracy in assigning damage states to visible structural components.This assignment enables integration with a performance-based earthquake assessment to classify building safety.

BURST-LDA: A NEW TOPIC MODEL FOR DETECTING BURSTY TOPICS FROM STREAM TEXT

Topic models such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA) have been successfully applied to many text mining tasks for extracting topics embedded in corpora. However, existing topic models generally cannot discover bursty topics that experience a sudden increase during a period of time. In this paper, we propose a new topic model named Burst-LDA, which simultaneously discovers topics and reveals their burstiness through explicitly modeling each topic's burst states with a first order Markov chain and using the chain to generate the topic proportion of documents in a Logistic Normal fashion. A Gibbs sampling algorithm is developed for the posterior inference of the proposed model. Experimental results on a news data set show our model can efficiently discover bursty topics, outperforming the state-of-the-art method.

An integrative multivariate approach for predicting functional recovery using magnetic resonance imaging parameters in a translational pig ischemic stroke model

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a clinically relevant,real-time imaging modality that is frequently utilized to assess stroke type and severity.However,specific MRI biomarkers that can be used to predict long-term functional recovery are still a critical need.Consequently,the present study sought to examine the prognostic value of commonly utilized MRI parameters to predict functional outcomes in a porcine model of ischemic stroke.Stroke was induced via permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion.At 24 hours post-stroke,MRI analysis revealed focal ischemic lesions,decreased diffusivity,hemispheric swelling,and white matter degradation.Functional deficits including behavioral abnormalities in open field and novel object exploration as well as spatiotemporal gait impairments were observed at 4 weeks post-stroke.Gaussian graphical models identified specific MRI outputs and functional recovery variables,including white matter integrity and gait performance,that exhibited strong conditional dependencies.Canonical correlation analysis revealed a prognostic relationship between lesion volume and white matter integrity and novel object exploration and gait performance.Consequently,these analyses may also have the potential of predicting patient recovery at chronic time points as pigs and humans share many anatomical similarities(e.g.,white matter composition)that have proven to be critical in ischemic stroke pathophysiology.The study was approved by the University of Georgia(UGA)Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC;Protocol Number:A2014-07-021-Y3-A11 and 2018-01-029-Y1-A5)on November 22,2017.

A framework for computer vision-based health monitoring of a truss structure subjected to unknown excitations

Computer vision(CV)methods for measurement of structural vibration are less expensive,and their application is more straightforward than methods based on sensors that measure physical quantities at particular points of a structure.However,CV methods produce significantly more measurement errors.Thus,computer vision-based structural health monitoring(CVSHM)requires appropriate methods of damage assessment that are robust with respect to highly contaminated measurement data.In this paper a complete CVSHM framework is proposed,and three damage assessment methods are tested.The first is the augmented inverse estimate(AIE),proposed by Peng et al.in 2021.This method is designed to work with highly contaminated measurement data,but it fails with a large noise provided by CV measurement.The second method,as proposed in this paper,is based on the AIE,but it introduces a weighting matrix that enhances the conditioning of the problem.The third method,also proposed in this paper,introduces additional constraints in the optimization process;these constraints ensure that the stiffness of structural elements can only decrease.Both proposed methods perform better than the original AIE.The latter of the two proposed methods gives the best results,and it is robust with respect to the selected coefficients,as required by the algorithm.

Toward the Next Generation of Retinal Neuroprosthesis: Visual Computation with Spikes

A neuroprosthesis is a type of precision medical device that is intended to manipulate the neuronal signals of the brain in a closed-loop fashion,while simultaneously receiving stimuli from the environment and controlling some part of a human brain or body.Incoming visual information can be processed by the brain in millisecond intervals.The retina computes visual scenes and sends its output to the cortex in the form of neuronal spikes for further computation.Thus,the neuronal signal of interest for a retinal neuroprosthesis is the neuronal spike.Closed-loop computation in a neuroprosthesis includes two stages:encoding a stimulus as a neuronal signal,and decoding it back into a stimulus.In this paper,we review some of the recent progress that has been achieved in visual computation models that use spikes to analyze natural scenes that include static images and dynamic videos.We hypothesize that in order to obtain a better understanding of the computational principles in the retina,a hypercircuit view of the retina is necessary,in which the different functional network motifs that have been revealed in the cortex neuronal network are taken into consideration when interacting with the retina.The different building blocks of the retina,which include a diversity of cell types and synaptic connections-both chemical synapses and electrical synapses(gap junctions)-make the retina an ideal neuronal network for adapting the computational techniques that have been developed in artificial intelligence to model the encoding and decoding of visual scenes.An overall systems approach to visual computation with neuronal spikes is necessary in order to advance the next generation of retinal neuroprosthesis as an artificial visual system.

Seed Selection for Data Offloading Based on Social and Interest Graphs

The explosive growth of mobile data demand is becoming an increasing burden on current cellular network.To address this issue,we propose a solution of opportunistic data offloading for alleviating overloaded cellular traffic.The principle behind it is to select a few important users as seeds for data sharing.The three critical steps are detailed as follows.We first explore individual interests of users by the construction of user profiles,on which an interest graph is built by Gaussian graphical modeling.We then apply the extreme value theory to threshold the encounter duration of user pairs.So,a contact graph is generated to indicate the social relationships of users.Moreover,a contact-interest graph is developed on the basis of the social ties and individual interests of users.Corresponding on different graphs,three strategies are finally proposed for seed selection in an aim to maximize overloaded cellular data.We evaluate the performance of our algorithms by the trace data of real-word mobility.It demonstrates the effectiveness of the strategy of taking social relationships and individual interests into account.

Analysis of Eigenvalues for Molecular Structures

In this article,we study different molecular structures such as Polythiophene network,PLY(n)for n=1,2,and 3,Orthosilicate(Nesosilicate)SiO4,Pyrosilicates(Sorosilicates)Si2O7,Chain silicates(Pyroxenes)(SiO3)n,and Cyclic silicates(Ring Silicates)Si3O9 for their cardinalities,chromatic numbers,graph variations,eigenvalues obtained from the adjacency matrices which are square matrices in order and their corresponding characteristics polynomials.We convert the general structures of these chemical networks in to mathematical graphical structures.We transform the molecular structures of these chemical networks which are mentioned above,into a simple and undirected planar graph and sketch them with various techniques of mathematics.The matrices obtained from these simple undirected graphs are symmetric.We also label the molecular structures by assigning different colors.Their graphs have also been studied for analysis.For a connected graph,the eigenvalue that shows its peak point(largest value)obtained from the adjacency matrix has multiplicity 1.Therefore,the gap between the largest and its smallest eigenvalues is interlinked with some form of“connectivity measurement of the structural graph”.We also note that the chemical structures,Orthosilicate(Nesosilicate)SiO4,Pyrosilicates(Sorosilicates)Si2O7,Chain silicates(Pyroxenes)(SiO3)n,and Cyclic silicates(Ring Silicates)Si3O9 generally have two same eigenvalues.Adjacency matrices have great importance in the field of computer science.

An Approximation for the Entropy Measuring in the General Structure of SGSP_(3)

In this article,we calculate various topological invariants such as symmetric division degree index,redefined Zagreb index,VL index,first and second exponential Zagreb index,first and second multiplicative exponential Zagreb indices,symmetric division degree entropy,redefined Zagreb entropy,VL entropy,first and second exponential Zagreb entropies,multiplicative exponential Zagreb entropy.We take the chemical compound named Proanthocyanidins,which is a very useful polyphenol in human’s diet.They are very beneficial for one’s health.These chemical compounds are extracted from grape seeds.They are tremendously anti-inflammatory.A subdivision formof this compound is presented in this article.The compound named subdivided grape seed Proanthocyanidins is abbreviated as SGSP_(3).This network SGSP_(3),is converted and modeled into its mathematical graphical formation with the support of the latest mathematical tools.We have also developed many closed formulas for the measurement of entropy for the general chemical structure of the subdivided grape seed Proanthocyanidins network.The achieved outcomes can be correlated with the chemical version of SGSP_(3) to get a better understanding of its biological as well as physical features.

Unsupervised Graph-Based Tibetan Multi-Document Summarization

Text summarization creates subset that represents the most important or relevant information in the original content,which effectively reduce information redundancy.Recently neural network method has achieved good results in the task of text summarization both in Chinese and English,but the research of text summarization in low-resource languages is still in the exploratory stage,especially in Tibetan.What’s more,there is no large-scale annotated corpus for text summarization.The lack of dataset severely limits the development of low-resource text summarization.In this case,unsupervised learning approaches are more appealing in low-resource languages as they do not require labeled data.In this paper,we propose an unsupervised graph-based Tibetan multi-document summarization method,which divides a large number of Tibetan news documents into topics and extracts the summarization of each topic.Summarization obtained by using traditional graph-based methods have high redundancy and the division of documents topics are not detailed enough.In terms of topic division,we adopt two level clustering methods converting original document into document-level and sentence-level graph,next we take both linguistic and deep representation into account and integrate external corpus into graph to obtain the sentence semantic clustering.Improve the shortcomings of the traditional K-Means clustering method and perform more detailed clustering of documents.Then model sentence clusters into graphs,finally remeasure sentence nodes based on the topic semantic information and the impact of topic features on sentences,higher topic relevance summary is extracted.In order to promote the development of Tibetan text summarization,and to meet the needs of relevant researchers for high-quality Tibetan text summarization datasets,this paper manually constructs a Tibetan summarization dataset and carries out relevant experiments.The experiment results show that our method can effectively improve the quality of summarization and our method is competitive to previous unsupervised methods.

Development of an artificial intelligence diagnostic model based on dynamic uncertain causality graph for the differential diagnosis of dyspnea

Dyspnea is one of the most common manifestations of patients with pulmonary disease,myocardial dysfunction,and neuromuscular disorder,among other conditions.Identifying the causes of dyspnea in clinical practice,especially for the general practitioner,remains a challenge.This pilot study aimed to develop a computeraided tool for improving the efficiency of differential diagnosis.The disease set with dyspnea as the chief complaint was established on the basis of clinical experience and epidemiological data.Differential diagnosis approaches were established and optimized by clinical experts.The artificial intelligence(AI)diagnosis model was constructed according to the dynamic uncertain causality graph knowledge-based editor.Twenty-eight diseases and syndromes were included in the disease set.The model contained 132 variables of symptoms,signs,and serological and imaging parameters.Medical records from the electronic hospital records of Suining Central Hospital were randomly selected.A total of 202 discharged patients with dyspnea as the chief complaint were included for verification,in which the diagnoses of 195 cases were coincident with the record certified as correct.The overall diagnostic accuracy rate of the model was 96.5%.In conclusion,the diagnostic accuracy of the AI model is promising and may compensate for the limitation of medical experience.